Simulation of radiation shielding properties of glasses contain PbO

Evaluating the Effects of Metallic Waste on the Structural and Gamma-Ray Shielding Properties of Epoxy Composites

The objective of the research is to develop novel materials that are both inexpensive and have a low density, while also being able to endure the transportation of γ-photons with low-to-medium energy levels. The outcome consisted of four epoxy resins that were strengthened with different quantities of heavy metallic waste. The density of the formed composites improved from 1.134 ± 0.022 g/cm3 to 1.560 ± 0.0312 g/cm3 when the waste content was raised from 0 to 40 weight percent. The theoretical investigation was determined using Monte Carlo (MCNP) simulation software, and the results of linear attenuation coefficient were justified experimentally in a low and medium energy range of 15-662 keV. The mass attenuation coefficient results in a low gamma energy range (15-122 keV) varied in between 3.175 and 0.159 cm2/g (for E-MW0 composite) and in between 8.212 and 0.164 cm2/g (for E-MW40 composite). The decrease in mass attenuation coefficient was detected in a medium gamma photon energy range (122-662 keV) with 0.123-0.082 cm2/g (for E-MW0 composite) and 0.121-0.080 cm2/g (for E-MW40 composite). The density of the enhanced composites influenced these parameters. As the metallic waste composition increased, the fabricated composites' half-value thickness decreased. At 15 keV, the half-value thickness decreased from 0.19 to 0.05 cm. At 59 keV, it fell from 2.70 to 1.41 cm. At 122 keV, it fell from 3.90 to 2.72 cm. At 662 keV, it fell from 7.45 to 5.56 cm. This decrease occurred as the heavy metal waste concentration increased from 0 to 40 wt.%. The study indicates that as metallic waste concentrations rise, there is a rise in the effective atomic number and a decline in the buildup factors.

Measurement on the neutron and gamma radiation shielding performance of boron-doped titanium alloy Ti50Cu30Zr15B5 via arc melting technique

The significance of radiation shielding is on the rise due to the expanding areas exposed to radiation emissions. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop metal alloys and composites that exhibit excellent capabilities in absorbing neutron and gamma rays for effective radiation shielding. Low-density Ti-based alloys with controlled structural properties can be used for radiation protection purposes. The present research investigates boron-doped Ti-based alloy, Ti50Cu30Zr15B5, which is synthesized by arc melting technique, and its structural, mechanical properties, neutron, and gamma-ray transmission rate were investigated. Monte Carlo N-Particle simulation (MCNP6.2) code is used for calculating the Thermal (2.53 × 10-8 MeV) and fast (2 MeV) neutron transmission ratio (I/I0) dependent on the sample thickness. The Phy-x program is employed for calculating the gamma-ray LAC, MAC, HVL, TVL, and MFP values. The calculated neutron shielding performance parameters of Ti50Cu30Zr15B5 alloy were compared with materials in the literature. It was found that Ti50Cu30Zr15B5 alloy demonstrated impressive physical characteristics, suggesting that it can serve as a promising alloy for neutron and gamma-ray shielding applications.

Mechanic-elastic properties and radiation attenuation efficiency of TeO2/WO3/K2O composite glass systems for nuclear and medical application

WO3 effects on neutron and ionizing radiation defending factors of ternary tellurite-based glass blocks with molecular formula 80TeO2 -(20-x)WO3 - xK2O; x = 0-20 mol% (denoted as TKW-glass) has been reported via Phy-X theoretical calculations and Geant4 simulation code. Correlations between shielding factors and kinetics properties of the investigated glasses at different photon energy have been examined. The highest values of mass (MAC) attenuation coefficient were noted at 15 keV of the examined TKW-glass materials with the values of 38.408, 44.388, 49.855, 54.872, 59.492 cm2/g for TKW-0, TKW-5, TKW-10, TKW-15, and TKW-20, respectively. Generally, these values of the TKW-glasses obey the sequence: (TKW-0)MAC< (TKW-5)MAC < (TKW-10)MAC < (TKW-15)MAC < (TKW-20)MAC. The highest mean free path (MFP) values of TKW-glasses were registered at 15 MeV with the values of 6.101, 5.591, 5.097, 4.647, and 4.302 cm for TKW-0, TKW-5, TKW-10, TKW-15, and TKW-20, respectively. The two parameters half value layer (HVL) and MFP follow the pattern: (TKW-0)HVL, MFP > (TKW-5)HVL,MFP > (TKW-10)HVL,MFP > (TKW-15)HVL,MFP > (TKW-20)HVL,MFP. The maximum values of effective atomic number (EAN) took place at gamma energy of 15 keV corresponding to 44.35, 48.86, 52.63, 55.83, and 58.58 for TKW-0, TKW-5, TKW-10, TKW-15, and TKW-20, respectively. The trend of the buildup factors was similar for all of the glass specimens. The fast neutron removal cross-section (Σ R ) enhanced as WO3 content increased in the specimens. Thus, the peaked value of Σ R is 0.1059 cm-1 was noted in the TKW-20 sample. Mechanical properties, neutron and γ-rays protection parameters were observed to improve with enhanced WO3 mol% in the TKW-glasses. The current results bear their utilization for neutron and gamma protection purposes.

Investigation of the Effect of PbO Doping on Telluride Glass Ceramics as a Potential Material for Gamma Radiation Shielding

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of PbO doping of multicomponent composite glass-like ceramics based on TeO₂, WO₃, Bi₂O₃, MoO₃, and SiO₂, which are one of the promising materials for gamma radiation shielding. According to X-ray diffraction data, it was found that the PbO dopant concentration increase from 0.10 to 0.20-0.25 mol results in the initialization of the phase transformation and structural ordering processes, which are expressed in the formation of SiO₂ and PbWO₄ phases, and the crystallinity degree growth. An analysis of the optical properties showed that a change in the ratio of the contributions of the amorphous and ordered fractions leads to the optical density increase and the band gap alteration, as well as a variation in the optical characteristics. During the study of the strength and mechanical properties of the synthesized ceramics, depending on the dopant concentration, it was found that when inclusions in the form of PbWO₄ are formed in the structure, the strength characteristics increase by 70-80% compared to the initial data, which indicates the doping efficiency and a rise in the mechanical strength of ceramics to external influences. During evaluation of the shielding protective characteristics of the synthesized ceramics, it was revealed that the formation of PbWO₄ in the structure results in a rise in the high-energy gamma ray absorption efficiency.

Thermal Stability, Optical Properties, and Gamma Shielding Properties of Tellurite Glass Modified with Potassium Chloride

The synthesized glass system with a composition of (80-x) TeO2-10P2O5-10Nb2O5-xKCl mol% (where x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) was successfully fabricated. The density (ρ) and molar volume (Vm) have been calculated. The investigated glasses were characterized using different analysis methods (differential thermal analysis (DTA) and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy). The radiation shielding effectiveness of the synthesized glass system was evaluated using different shielding parameters, such as mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MAC, LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), and effective electron number (Neff). The results showed that with the increasing potassium chloride (KCl) concentration and decreasing tellurium oxide (TeO2) concentration, the density, refractive index, Urbach energy (Eu), and glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased, while the optical energy gap (Eopt) and thermal stability increased. As the KCl concentration increases, the values of MAC, LAC, and Zeff increase in the following order: TPNK5 % > TPNK10 % > TPNK15 % > TPNK20 % > TPNK25 %. Additionally, the shielding effectiveness of TPNK glass system showed good performance compared with some standard materials. The synthesized glass with a minimum KCl content has both good shielding effectiveness and good optical properties, in addition to reasonable thermal stability, which makes it suitable for shielding and optical applications.