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Abboud AW. Coupled chemical–CFD modeling of unsealed dry storage of advanced test reactor spent fuel. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2022.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Conrad JK, Pu X, Khanolkar A, Copeland-Johnson TM, Pilgrim CD, Wilbanks JR, Parker-Quaife EH, Horne GP. Radiolytic Gas Production from Aluminum Coupons (Alloy 1100 and 6061) in Helium Environments-Assessing the Extended Storage of Aluminum Clad Spent Nuclear Fuel. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7317. [PMID: 36295382 PMCID: PMC9607483 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion of aluminium alloy clad nuclear fuel, during reactor operation and under subsequent wet storage conditions, promotes the formation of aluminium hydroxide and oxyhydroxide layers. These hydrated mineral phases and the chemisorbed and physisorbed waters on their surfaces are susceptible to radiation-induced processes that yield molecular hydrogen gas (H2), which has the potential to complicate the long-term storage and disposal of aluminium clad nuclear fuel through flammable and explosive gas mixture formation, alloy embrittlement, and pressurization. Here, we present a systematic study of the radiolytic formation of H2 from aluminium alloy 1100 (AA1100) and 6061 (AA6061) coupons in "dry" (~0% relative humidity) and "wet" (50% relative humidity) helium environments. Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation of both aluminium alloy types promoted the formation of H2, which increased linearly up to ~2 MGy, and afforded G-values of 1.1 ± 0.1 and 2.9 ± 0.1 for "dry" and "wet" AA1100, and 2.7 ± 0.1 and 1.7 ± 0.1 for "dry" and "wet" AA6061. The negative correlation of H2 production with relative humidity for AA6061 is in stark contrast to AA1100 and is attributed to differences in the extent of corrosion and varying amounts of adsorbed water in the two alloys, as characterized using optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacy K. Conrad
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Xiaofei Pu
- Characterization and Post Irradiation Examination, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Amey Khanolkar
- Condensed Matter and Materials Physics Group, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Trishelle M. Copeland-Johnson
- Characterization and Post Irradiation Examination, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Corey D. Pilgrim
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Joseph R. Wilbanks
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Parker-Quaife
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Gregory P. Horne
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
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Abboud AW. Sensitivity study of coupled chemical-CFD simulations for analyzing aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel storage in sealed canisters. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.111691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Huestis P, Stull JA, Lichthardt JP, Wasiolek MA, Montano-Martinez L, Manner VW. Effects of Low-Level Gamma Radiation on Common Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2842-2849. [PMID: 35097280 PMCID: PMC8793075 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aging of high explosives in an ionizing radiation field is not well understood, and little work has been done in the low dose and low dose rate regime. In this study, four explosives were exposed to low-level gamma irradiation from a 137Cs source: PETN, PATO, and PBX 9501 both with and without the Irganox 1010 stabilizer. Post-irradiation analysis included GC-MS of the headspace gas, SEM of the pellets and powder, NMR spectroscopy, DSC analysis, impact sensitivity tests, and ESD sensitivity tests. Overall, no significant change to the materials was seen for the dose and dose rate explored in this study. A small change in the 1H NMR spectrum of PETN was observed and SEM and ESD results suggest a surface energy change in PATO, but these differences are minor and do not appear to have a substantial impact on the handling safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia
L. Huestis
- High
Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jamie A. Stull
- High
Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Joseph P. Lichthardt
- High
Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Maryla A. Wasiolek
- Gamma
Irradiation Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Lori Montano-Martinez
- Energetic
Materials, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Virginia W. Manner
- High
Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Ali I, Imanova GT, Garibov AA, Agayev TN, Jabarov SH, Almalki ASA, Alsubaie A. Gamma rays mediated water splitting on nano-ZrO2 surface: Kinetics of molecular hydrogen formation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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