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Shin SS, Chawla S, Jang DH, Mazandi VM, Weeks MK, Kilbaugh TJ. Imaging of White Matter Injury Correlates with Plasma and Tissue Biomarkers in Pediatric Porcine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:74-85. [PMID: 35876453 PMCID: PMC9917326 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant white matter injury, which has been characterized by various rodent and human clinical studies. The exact time course of imaging changes in a pediatric brain after TBI and its relation to biomarkers of injury and cellular function, however, is unknown. To study the changes in major white matter structures using a valid model of TBI that is comparable to a human pediatric brain in terms of size and anatomical features, we utilized a four-week-old pediatric porcine model of injury with controlled cortical impact (CCI). Using diffusion tensor imaging differential tractography, we show progressive anisotropy changes at major white matter tracts such as the corona radiata and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus between day 1 and day 30 after injury. Moreover, correlational tractography shows a large part of bilateral corona radiata having positive correlation with the markers of cellular respiration. In contrast, bilateral corona radiata has a negative correlation with the plasma biomarkers of injury such as neurofilament light or glial fibrillary acidic protein. These are expected correlational findings given that higher integrity of white matter would be expected to correlate with lower injury biomarkers. We then studied the magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings and report decrease in a N-acetylaspartate/creatinine (NAA/Cr) ratio at the pericontusional cortex, subcortical white matter, corona radiata, thalamus, genu, and splenium of corpus callosum at 30 days indicating injury. There was also an increase in choline/creatinine ratio in these regions indicating rapid membrane turnover. Given the need for a pediatric TBI model that is comparable to human pediatric TBI, these data support the use of a pediatric pig model with CCI in future investigations of therapeutic agents. This model will allow future TBI researchers to rapidly translate our pre-clinical study findings into clinical trials for pediatric TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Shin
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David H. Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vanessa M. Mazandi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M. Katie Weeks
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd J. Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Aida N. 1H-MR Spectroscopy of the Early Developmental Brain, Neonatal Encephalopathies, and Neurometabolic Disorders. Magn Reson Med Sci 2021; 21:9-28. [PMID: 34421092 PMCID: PMC9199977 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI interpretations of the pediatric brain are often challenging for general radiologists and clinicians because MR signals and morphology are continuously changing in the developing brain. Furthermore, the developing brain reacts differently to injuries, resulting in imaging characteristics that differ from those of the mature brain. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a non-invasive method for assessing neurological abnormalities at the microscopic level and measures in vivo brain metabolites using a clinical MR machine. In MR examinations of the pediatric brain, 1H-MRS demonstrates its powerful diagnostic capability when MRI is insufficient for diagnostic features. MRI and 1H-MRS may be complementary tools for diagnosing and monitoring diseases. However, there is currently no consensus on how to include 1H-MRS in clinical MR examinations. An overview of the clinical implementation of 1H-MRS for the assessment of early pediatric developmental brains as well as the diagnosis, prognostification, and disease monitoring of various non-neoplastic brain disorders, including neonatal encephalopathies and neurometabolic/neurodegenerative diseases, was provided herein. Qualitative and quantitative 1H-MRS is a powerful non-invasive tool for accessing various brain metabolites to confirm age appropriate peaks and detect abnormal peaks or deficient or reduced peaks, which may facilitate the identification of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders as well as damage associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Moreover, 1H-MRS has potential as a biomarker for monitoring therapeutic efficacy in metabolic diseases and neonatal HIE. It also provides insights into the pathophysiologies of various disorders, which may facilitate the use of novel therapeutic approaches. Therefore, 1H-MRS needs to be included more frequently in routine clinical MR examinations of pediatric patients with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Aida
- Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
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Reith W, Yilmaz U, Mühl-Bennighaus R, Haußmann A. [Metabolic induced changes of the central nervous system]. Radiologe 2019; 58:1091-1098. [PMID: 30367223 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-018-0468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL ISSUE The diagnosis of metabolic disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) can be very challenging for radiologists because of the nonspecific white matter lesions of the brain, the rarity of these diseases, and the variety of possible differential diagnoses. RADIOLOGICAL STANDARD METHODS Standard for the evaluation of the metabolic disorders is cranial MRI. The MRI spectroscopy can additionally help to reduce the possible differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Reith
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
| | - U Yilmaz
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - R Mühl-Bennighaus
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - A Haußmann
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
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Abstract
CLINICAL ISSUE Metabolic disorders of the brain often present a particular challenge for the neuroradiologist, since the disorders are rare, changes on conventional MR are often non-specific and there are numerous differential diagnoses for the white substance lesions. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS As a complementary method to conventional brain MRI, MR spectroscopy may help to reduce the scope of the differential diagnosis. Entities with specific MR spectroscopy patterns are Canavan disease, maple syrup urine disease, nonketotic hyperglycinemia and creatine deficiency.
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Neuroimaging of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders with Emphasis on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and MR Spectroscopy: A Pictorial Essay. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-017-0251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Echo-Planar J-resolved Spectroscopic Imaging using Dual Read-outs: Implementation and Quantitation of Human Brain Metabolites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3087. [PMID: 28596547 PMCID: PMC5465060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts have been made to reduce the total scan time in multi-dimensional J-resolved spectroscopic imaging (JRESI) using an echo-planar (EP) readout gradient, but acquisition duration remains a limitation for routine clinical use in the brain. We present here a significant acceleration achieved with a 4D EP-JRESI sequence that collects dual phase encoded lines within a single repetition time (TR) using two bipolar read-out trains. The performance and reliability of this novel 4D sequence, called Multi-Echo based Echo-Planar J-resolved Spectroscopic Imaging (ME-EP-JRESI), was evaluated in 10 healthy controls and a brain phantom using a 3 T MRI/MRS scanner. The prior knowledge fitting (ProFit) algorithm, with a new simulated basis set consisting of macromolecules and lipids apart from metabolites of interest, was used for quantitation. Both phantom and in-vivo data demonstrated that localization and spatial/spectral profiles of metabolites from the ME-EP-JRESI sequence were in good agreement with that of the EP-JRESI sequence. Both in the occipital and temporal lobe, metabolites with higher physiological concentrations including Glx (Glu+Gln), tNAA (NAA+NAAG), mI all had coefficient of variations between 9-25%. In summary, we have implemented, validated and tested the ME-EP-JRESI sequence, demonstrating that multi-echo acquisition can successfully reduce the total scan duration for EP-JRESI sequences.
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Pediatric brain MRI, Part 2: Advanced techniques. Pediatr Radiol 2017; 47:544-555. [PMID: 28409252 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric neuroimaging is a complex and specialized field that uses magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as the workhorse for diagnosis. MR protocols should be tailored to the specific indication and reviewed by the supervising radiologist in real time. Targeted advanced imaging sequences can be added to provide information regarding tissue microstructure, perfusion, metabolism and function. In part 2 of this review, we highlight the utility of advanced imaging techniques for superior evaluation of pediatric neurologic disease. We focus on the following techniques, with clinical examples: phase-contrast imaging, perfusion-weighted imaging, vessel wall imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, task-based functional MRI and MR spectroscopy.
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Casanova R, Wang X, Reyes J, Akita Y, Serre ML, Vizuete W, Chui HC, Driscoll I, Resnick SM, Espeland MA, Chen JC. A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study Reveals Local Brain Structural Alterations Associated with Ambient Fine Particles in Older Women. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:495. [PMID: 27790103 PMCID: PMC5061768 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5: PM with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm) has been linked with cognitive deficits in older adults. Using fine-grained voxel-wise analyses, we examined whether PM2.5 exposure also affects brain structure. Methods: Brain MRI data were obtained from 1365 women (aged 71–89) in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study and local brain volumes were estimated using RAVENS (regional analysis of volumes in normalized space). Based on geocoded residential locations and air monitoring data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, we employed a spatiotemporal model to estimate long-term (3-year average) exposure to ambient PM2.5 preceding MRI scans. Voxel-wise linear regression models were fit separately to gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) maps to analyze associations between brain structure and PM2.5 exposure, with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Increased PM2.5 exposure was associated with smaller volumes in both cortical GM and subcortical WM areas. For GM, associations were clustered in the bilateral superior, middle, and medial frontal gyri. For WM, the largest clusters were in the frontal lobe, with smaller clusters in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. No statistically significant associations were observed between PM2.5 exposure and hippocampal volumes. Conclusions: Long-term PM2.5 exposures may accelerate loss of both GM and WM in older women. While our previous work linked smaller WM volumes to PM2.5, this is the first neuroimaging study reporting associations between air pollution exposure and smaller volumes of cortical GM. Our data support the hypothesized synaptic neurotoxicity of airborne particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Marc L Serre
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Helman G, Caldovic L, Whitehead MT, Simons C, Brockmann K, Edvardson S, Bai R, Moroni I, Taylor JM, Van Haren K, Taft RJ, Vanderver A, van der Knaap MS. Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of succinate dehydrogenase-related infantile leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:379-86. [PMID: 26642834 PMCID: PMC5712845 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Succinate dehydrogenase-deficient leukoencephalopathy is a complex II-related mitochondrial disorder for which the clinical phenotype, neuroimaging pattern, and genetic findings have not been comprehensively reviewed. METHODS Nineteen individuals with succinate dehydrogenase deficiency-related leukoencephalopathy were reviewed for neuroradiological, clinical, and genetic findings as part of institutional review board-approved studies at Children's National Health System (Washington, DC) and VU University Medical Center (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). RESULTS All individuals had signal abnormalities in the central corticospinal tracts and spinal cord where imaging was available. Other typical findings were involvement of the cerebral hemispheric white matter with sparing of the U fibers, the corpus callosum with sparing of the outer blades, the basis pontis, middle cerebellar peduncles, and cerebellar white matter, and elevated succinate on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The thalamus was involved in most studies, with a predilection for the anterior nucleus, pulvinar, and geniculate bodies. Clinically, infantile onset neurological regression with partial recovery and subsequent stabilization was typical. All individuals had mutations in SDHA, SDHB, or SDHAF1, or proven biochemical defect. INTERPRETATION Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare leukoencephalopathy, for which improved recognition by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with advanced sequencing technologies allows noninvasive diagnostic confirmation. The MRI pattern is characterized by cerebral hemispheric white matter abnormalities with sparing of the U fibers, corpus callosum involvement with sparing of the outer blades, and involvement of corticospinal tracts, thalami, and spinal cord. In individuals with infantile regression and this pattern of MRI abnormalities, the differential diagnosis should include succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, in particular if MRS shows elevated succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Helman
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ljubica Caldovic
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew T. Whitehead
- Department of Neuroradiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cas Simons
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Georg-August University, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology Unit, The Foundation “Carlo Besta” Institute of Neurology-IRCCS, Milan, ItalyDivision of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J. Michael Taylor
- Department of Neurology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan J. Taft
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
- Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL
| | - Marjo S. van der Knaap
- Department of Functional Genomics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL
- Department of Functional Genomics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL
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