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Irmukhametova G, Al Azzam KM, Mun GA, Bekbayeva L, Dinara Z, Yermukhambetova BB, Nechipurenko SV, Efremov SA, Negim ES, Samy M. Obtaining and Characterization of Biodegradable Polymer Blends Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol, Starch, and Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2025; 17:479. [PMID: 40006141 PMCID: PMC11860024 DOI: 10.3390/polym17040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Although chitosan (CS) is used in many industries because of its low cost, biodegradability, nontoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant qualities, it lacks sufficient mechanical and barrier properties. Biodegradable polymers based on CS, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and starch (S) were prepared at various ratios (1/3/6 and 1/5/4) via a blending polymerization process in the presence of water as the solvent and glacial acetic acid as the catalyst. The obtained biodegradable polymers were characterized via FTIR, TGA, SEM, and mechanical tests. The biodegradable polymers were mixed with rice straw and carbon black to study the effects of rice straw and carbon black on the physicomechanical properties of the biodegradable polymer films, including viscosity, tensile strength, elongation, and contact angle. The incorporation of rice straw and carbon black into a polymer blend significantly enhanced the physical and mechanical properties while also boosting their biodegradability by 36% and 15%, respectively, due to their biological activity. Notably, the CS/PVA/S blend with a ratio of 1/5/4, combined with rice straw, emerged as the standout performer. It exhibited superior mechanical strength and the shortest degradation time, outperforming the CS/PVA/S blended with a ratio of 1/3/6 mixed with carbon black. According to these findings, the biodegradable polymers became more soluble as the temperature increased from 30 to 45 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galiya Irmukhametova
- Department of Chemistry & Technology of Organic Materials, Polymers and Natural Compounds, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Av., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.A.M.); (S.V.N.); (S.A.E.)
- National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 80 Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (L.B.); (Z.D.); (B.B.Y.)
| | - Khaldun M. Al Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Grigoriy A. Mun
- Department of Chemistry & Technology of Organic Materials, Polymers and Natural Compounds, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Av., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.A.M.); (S.V.N.); (S.A.E.)
- National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 80 Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (L.B.); (Z.D.); (B.B.Y.)
| | - Lyazzat Bekbayeva
- National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 80 Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (L.B.); (Z.D.); (B.B.Y.)
- National Nanotechnology Open Laboratory, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Av., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhetpisbay Dinara
- National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 80 Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (L.B.); (Z.D.); (B.B.Y.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of General Medicine-1, KazNMU Named S.D. Asfendiyarov, 88 Tole bi Str., Almaty 480012, Kazakhstan
| | - Bayana B. Yermukhambetova
- National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 80 Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (L.B.); (Z.D.); (B.B.Y.)
| | - Sergey V. Nechipurenko
- Department of Chemistry & Technology of Organic Materials, Polymers and Natural Compounds, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Av., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.A.M.); (S.V.N.); (S.A.E.)
- National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 80 Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (L.B.); (Z.D.); (B.B.Y.)
| | - Sergey A. Efremov
- Department of Chemistry & Technology of Organic Materials, Polymers and Natural Compounds, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Av., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.A.M.); (S.V.N.); (S.A.E.)
- National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 80 Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (L.B.); (Z.D.); (B.B.Y.)
| | - El-Sayed Negim
- School of Materials Science and Green Technologies, Kazakh British Technical University, 59 Tole bi Str., Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Moshera Samy
- Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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Shu D, Tu S, Mai S, Xu J, Yang W. Preparation of cross-linked poly (methyl methacrylate) microspheres by post-crosslinking method and its application in light diffusers. Colloid Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-023-05091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Tian P, Liu W, Yang S, Zhang J. Amphiphilic drug slow release microspheres fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol,
10‐Undecen‐1‐ol
, and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wanjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shengdu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University Chengdu China
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