Ventricular restoration: new therapeutic approaches

New percutaneous interventions in heart failure

Chronic heart failure (HF) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and represents a growing challenge in interventional cardiology. Its prevalence is recently increasing due to the improvements in cardiac care with subsequent significant reduction in the HF acute mortality. HF may occur with either a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (LVEF<40%, HFrEF) or a preserved EF (typically LVEF≥50%, HFpEF) indicative of diastolic dysfunction. Despite recent advances in drug therapies as well as in nonpharmacological strategies, including defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy, LV assist devices, mortality in HF remains high. New transcatheter implantable devices have been developed to improve the treatment of chronic HF. In this review we will summarize data on interventional HF devices that are currently approved or under investigation including treatment alternatives for mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, LV restoration through partitioning devices and left atrial decompression with shunting devices.