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Ivabradine Induces Cardiac Protection against Myocardial Infarction by Preventing Cyclophilin-A Secretion in Pigs under Coronary Ischemia/Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062902. [PMID: 33809359 PMCID: PMC8001911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, proteolysis mediated by extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and its secreted ligand cyclophilin-A (CyPA) significantly contributes to cardiac injury and necrosis. Here, we aimed to investigate if, in addition to the effect on the funny current (I(f)), Ivabradine may also play a role against cardiac necrosis by reducing EMMPRIN/CyPA-mediated cardiac inflammation. In a porcine model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (IR), we found that administration of 0.3 mg/kg Ivabradine significantly improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac necrosis by day 7 after IR, detecting a significant increase in cardiac CyPA in the necrotic compared to the risk areas, which was inversely correlated with the levels of circulating CyPA detected in plasma samples from the same subjects. In testing whether Ivabradine may regulate the levels of CyPA, no changes in tissue CyPA were found in healthy pigs treated with 0.3 mg/kg Ivabradine, but interestingly, when analyzing the complex EMMPRIN/CyPA, rather high glycosylated EMMPRIN, which is required for EMMPRIN-mediated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation and increased CyPA bonding to low-glycosylated forms of EMMPRIN were detected by day 7 after IR in pigs treated with Ivabradine. To study the mechanism by which Ivabradine may prevent secretion of CyPA, we first found that Ivabradine was time-dependent in inhibiting co-localization of CyPA with the granule exocytosis marker vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (VAMP1). However, Ivabradine had no effect on mRNA expression nor in the proteasome and lysosome degradation of CyPA. In conclusion, our results point toward CyPA, its ligand EMMPRIN, and the complex CyPA/EMMPRIN as important targets of Ivabradine in cardiac protection against IR.
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Ramirez-Carracedo R, Tesoro L, Hernandez I, Diez-Mata J, Botana L, Saura M, Sanmartin M, Zamorano JL, Zaragoza C. Ivabradine-Stimulated Microvesicle Release Induces Cardiac Protection against Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186566. [PMID: 32911752 PMCID: PMC7555962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivabradine can reduce heart rate through inhibition of the current I(f) by still unexplored mechanisms. In a porcine model of ischemia reperfusion (IR), we found that treatment with 0.3 mg/kg Ivabradine increased plasma release of microvesicles (MVs) over Placebo, as detected by flow cytometry of plasma isolated from pigs 7 days after IR, in which a tenfold increase of Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) containing (both high and low-glycosylated) MVs, was detected in response to Ivabradine. The source of MVs was investigated, finding a 37% decrease of CD31+ endothelial cell derived MVs, while CD41+ platelet MVs remained unchanged. By contrast, Ivabradine induced the release of HCN4+ (mostly cardiac) MVs. While no differences respect to EMMPRIN as a cargo component were found in endothelial and platelet derived MVs, Ivabradine induced a significant release of EMMPRIN+/HCN4+ MVs by day 7 after IR. To test the role of EMMPRIN+ cardiac MVs (EMCMV), H9c2 cell monolayers were incubated for 24 h with 107 EMCMVs, reducing apoptosis, and increasing 2 times cell proliferation and 1.5 times cell migration. The in vivo contribution of Ivabradine-induced plasma MVs was also tested, in which 108 MVs isolated from the plasma of pigs treated with Ivabradine or Placebo 7 days after IR, were injected in pigs under IR, finding a significant cardiac protection by increasing left ventricle ejection fraction and a significant reduction of the necrotic area. In conclusion ivabradine induces cardiac protection by increasing at least the release of EMMPRIN containing cardiac microvesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ramirez-Carracedo
- Cardiology Department, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-C.); (L.T.); (I.H.); (J.D.-M.); (L.B.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (M.S.); (J.L.Z.)
| | - Laura Tesoro
- Cardiology Department, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-C.); (L.T.); (I.H.); (J.D.-M.); (L.B.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (M.S.); (J.L.Z.)
| | - Ignacio Hernandez
- Cardiology Department, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-C.); (L.T.); (I.H.); (J.D.-M.); (L.B.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (M.S.); (J.L.Z.)
| | - Javier Diez-Mata
- Cardiology Department, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-C.); (L.T.); (I.H.); (J.D.-M.); (L.B.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (M.S.); (J.L.Z.)
| | - Laura Botana
- Cardiology Department, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-C.); (L.T.); (I.H.); (J.D.-M.); (L.B.)
| | - Marta Saura
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (M.S.); (J.L.Z.)
- Systems Biology Department, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Marcelo Sanmartin
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (M.S.); (J.L.Z.)
- Cardiology Department, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Zamorano
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (M.S.); (J.L.Z.)
- Cardiology Department, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Zaragoza
- Cardiology Department, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-C.); (L.T.); (I.H.); (J.D.-M.); (L.B.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (M.S.); (J.L.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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