Trombectomía por aspiración para el tratamiento del infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST: un metanálisis de 26 ensayos aleatorizados con 11.943 pacientes

Multicenter and all-comers validation of a score to select patients for manual thrombectomy, the DDTA score

BACKGROUND

Routine manual thrombectomy (MT) is not recommended in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI) but it is performed in many procedures. The objective of our study was validating the DDTA score, designed for selecting patients who benefit most from MT.

METHODS

Observational and multicenter study of all consecutive patients undergoing P-PCI in five institutions. Results were compared with the design cohort and the performance of the DDTA was analyzed in all patients. Primary end-point of the analyses was TIMI 3 after MT; secondary endpoints were final TIMI 3, no-reflow incidence, in-hospital mortality and in-hospital major cardiovascular events (MACE). In-hospital prognosis was assessed by the Zwolle risk score.

RESULTS

Three hundred forty patients were included in the validation cohort and no differences were observed as compared to the design cohort (618 patients) except for lower use of MT and higher IIb/IIIa inhibitors or drug-eluting stents. The probability of TIMI 3 after MT decreased as delay to P-PCI was higher. If DDTA score, MT was associated to TIMI 3 after MT (OR: 4.11) and final TIMI 3 (OR: 2.44). There was a linear and continuous relationship between DDTA score and all endpoints. DDTA score ≥ 4 was independently associated to lower no-reflow, in-hospital MACE or mortality. The lowest incidence of in-hospital mortality or MACE was in patients who had DDTA score ≥ 4 and Zwolle risk score 0-3.

CONCLUSIONS

MT is associated to higher rate of final TIMI3 in patients with the DDTA score ≥ 4. Patients with DDTA score ≥ 4 had lower no-reflow and in-hospital complications.

A simple score to select patients for manual thrombectomy in emergent percutaneous coronary interventions: the DDTA score

BACKGROUND

The objective of manual thrombectomy is the removal of occlusive thrombus to improve the results of primary angioplasty. The better understanding of the factors associated with successful manual thrombectomy may provide relevant information regarding thrombus formation and resolution.

METHODS

Observational study of all consecutive patients remitted for emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a single centre. Successful manual thrombectomy was considered when TIMI 3 was achieved after using the device and a score to predict successful manual thrombectomy was designed.

RESULTS

We included 618 patients, 65.1% treated with manual thrombectomy. No relevant differences in clinical features or time delays were observed between patients treated with vs. without manual thrombectomy, but manual thrombectomy treated patients received more often dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) before PCI. Final TIMI flow 3 was achieved in most patients and more frequently in manual thrombectomy treated patients (94.8 vs. 86.6%; P < 0.01). The successful manual thrombectomy rate was 81.3% and it was higher in patients pretreated with DAPT (89.0 vs. 73.3%; P < 0.01). The time delay to first medical contact was not related to the final TIMI 3, but it was significantly and negatively related to successful manual thrombectomy. According to the multivariate analysis, we designed the DDTA score: DAPT pretreatment (2), delay less than 2 h (3) or 2-4 h (2), TIMI flow improvement after wiring the lesion (2) and age less than 55 years (3). Patients with DDTA score at least 4 had lower no-reflow, mortality and major cardiovascular complications incidence.

CONCLUSION

The DDTA score (DAPT pretreatment, time delays, TIMI flow improvement after wiring the lesion and age) identifies patients who benefit mostly from manual thrombectomy.

Aspiration thrombectomy prior to percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Trials of aspiration thrombectomy (AT) prior to primary percutaneous intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) have shown apparently inconsistent results and therefore generated uncertainty and controversy. To summarize the effects of AT prior to PCI versus conventional PCI in STEMI patients.

METHODS

Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL to June 2015 and review of reference lists of previous reviews. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing AT prior to PCI with conventional PCI alone. Pairs of reviewers independently screened eligible articles; extracted data; and assessed risk of bias. We used the GRADE approach to rate overall certainty of the evidence.

RESULTS

Among 73 potential articles identified, 20 trials including 21,660 patients were eligible; data were complete for 20,866 patients. Moderate-certainty evidence suggested a non statistically significant decrease in overall mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95 % confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.01, risk difference (RD) 4/1,000 over 6 months), no impact on recurrent MI (RR 0.94, 95 % CI, 0.79 to 1.12) or major bleeding (RR 1.02, 95 % CI, 0.78 to 1.35), and an increase in stroke (RR 1.56, 95 % CI, 1.09 to 2.24, RD 3/1,000 over 6 months).

CONCLUSIONS

Moderate certainty evidence suggests aspiration thrombectomy is associated with a possible small decrease in mortality (4 less deaths/1000 over 6 months) and a small increase in stroke (3 more strokes/1000 over 6 months). Because absolute effects are very small and closely balanced, thrombectomy prior to primary PCI should not be used as a routine strategy.

Changes in Acute Coronary Syndrome Treatment and Prognosis After Implementation of the Infarction Code in a Hospital With a Cardiac Catheterization Unit

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

Emergency care systems have been created to improve treatment and revascularization in myocardial infarction but they may also improve the management of all patients with acute coronary syndrome.

METHODS

A comparative study of all patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome before and after implementation of an infarction protocol.

RESULTS

The study included 1210 patients. While the mean age was the same in both periods, the patient group admitted after implementation of the protocol had a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension but more active smokers and higher GRACE scores. The percentage of ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (29.8%-39.5%) and coronary revascularizations (82.1%-90.1%) significantly increased among patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome, and primary angioplasty became routine (51.9%-94.9%); there was also a reduction in time to catheterization and an increase in early revascularization. The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter after implementation of the infarction protocol. In-hospital mortality was unchanged, except in high-risk patients (38.8%-22.4%). After discharge, no differences were observed between the 2 periods in cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, reinfarction, or major cardiovascular complications.

CONCLUSIONS

After implementation of the infarction protocol, the percentage of patients admitted with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome and the mean GRACE score increased among patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome. Hospital stay was reduced, and primary angioplasty use increased. In-hospital mortality was reduced in high-risk patients, and prognosis after discharge was the same in both periods.