Vena cava superior izquierda persistente con agenesia de la vena cava superior derecha

Persistent left superior vena cava as an incidental finding in the introduction of a transient pacemaker: A case report

The persistent left superior vena cava is the most common venous anomaly in the systemic drainage in adults and tends to be asymptomatic. The persistent left superior vena cava causes rhythm disorders such as tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrhythmias.We report a case of persistent left superior vena cava diagnosed in a 53-year-old female patient admitted due to an acute coronary syndrome associated with unstable bradycardia. A transvenous peacemaker impressed the left atrium; therefore, a transthoracic echocardiogram was required to diagnose persistent left superior vena cava. The patient needed management with percutaneous intervention; she had an adequate evolution and subsequent discharge from the intensive care unit.

Anomalous atrium associated with persistent left superior vena cava

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common venous anomaly with an incidence of 0.3-0.5% in the general population. Here, we report a rare case of PLSVC with anomalous atrium in a cadaver during the student's dissection session at the University of Tsukuba. In this case, the coronary sinus had merged with the right atrium to form an enlarged sac-like structure and received systemic venous flow including inflow from the PLSVC. The roof of the coronary sinus with the right atrium was thicker than that of the control cases. We further found that the distance between the sinoatrial node and the opening of the coronary sinus was slightly more than half of that in control cases. This variant appears interesting and is worth reporting for developmental and clinical consideration.

Atretic right superior vena cava with left superior vena cava draining directly into left atrium with absent coronary sinus in an adult with partial atrioventricular canal defect and complete heart block

The association of atretic right superior vena cava with persistent left superior vena cava draining directly into left atrium with absent coronary sinus in atrioventricular canal defect is virtually unknown in adults with no case reported so far. Though atretic right superior vena cava with persistent left superior vena cava is an extremely rare venous anomaly seen in congenital heart disease, it has important clinical implications in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology. Atrial arrhythmias and right bundle branch block are common with advancing age in partial atrioventricualr canal defect but complete heart block has scarcely been reported in the medical literature.

Absent right superior vena cava with left superior vena cava draining into unroofed coronary sinus with common atrium in a child with an atrioventricular septal defect

The association of absent right superior vena cava and persistent left superior vena cava draining into unroofed coronary sinus with common atrium and the atrioventricular septal defect is an extremely rare form of the congenital cardiac disorder with only one case reported so far, hence, can be missed preoperatively if not carefully looked for. Failure to detect absent right superior vena cava beforehand may otherwise pose difficulties in carrying out invasive surgical or medical interventions.