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Lin Y, Liao Y, Huang M, Shen J. Elevated circulating IL-8 correlates with poor prognosis in urological cancers: a meta-analysis and bioinformatic validation. Ann Med 2025; 57:2486592. [PMID: 40181579 PMCID: PMC11980208 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2486592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a key cytokine that has been implicated in multiple aspects of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Elevated levels of circulating IL-8 (cIL-8) have been implicated in adverse clinical outcomes among patients with urological cancers. However, definitive evidence consolidating these observations remains lacking. The present study aims to synthesize the existing research findings to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based reference for clinical practice. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies that reported on the prognostic impact of cIL-8 levels in urological cancer patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were extracted and pooled to estimate the overall effect. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier's survival analyses were conducted using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) through the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA 2) online tool to validate the observed associations. RESULTS A total of 19 cohorts encompassing 2740 patients from 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The findings revealed that elevated cIL-8 levels were significantly associated with inferior OS (HR: 1.86; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.72-2.02) and PFS (HR: 1.59; 95%CI: 1.25-2.03) in patients with urological cancers. The consistency and validity of these results were further supported by survival analyses performed using the GEPIA 2 tool. CONCLUSIONS This study, which is the first meta-analysis to systematically examine the prognostic significance of cIL-8 in urological cancers, supported by bioinformatics validation, confirms that elevated cIL-8 levels serve as a potential biomarker for predicting adverse outcomes. Our findings underscore the importance of targeting IL-8 as a therapeutic strategy to overcome treatment resistance and improve outcomes for urological cancer patients. Further research into IL-8-targeted therapies and their integration into clinical practice is urgently needed to enhance the treatment landscape for urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Yonghe Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Mengfan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jinhai Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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2
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Saeed Issa B, Adhab AH, Salih Mahdi M, Kyada A, Ganesan S, Bhanot D, Naidu KS, Kaur S, Mansoor AS, Radi UK, Saadoun Abd N, Kariem M. Decoding the complex web: cellular and molecular interactions in the lung tumour microenvironment. J Drug Target 2025; 33:666-690. [PMID: 39707828 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2445772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
The lung tumour microenvironment (TME) or stroma is a dynamic space of numerous cells and their released molecules. This complicated web regulates tumour progression and resistance to different modalities. Lung cancer cells in conjunction with their stroma liberate a wide range of factors that dampen antitumor attacks by innate immunity cells like natural killer (NK) cells and also adaptive responses by effector T cells. These factors include numerous growth factors, exosomes and epigenetic regulators, and also anti-inflammatory cytokines. Understanding the intricate interactions between tumour cells and various elements within the lung TME, such as immune and stromal cells can help provide novel strategies for better management and treatment of lung malignancies. The current article discusses the complex network of cells and signalling molecules, which mediate communications in lung TME. By elucidating these multifaceted interactions, we aim to provide insights into potential therapeutic targets and strategies for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ashishkumar Kyada
- Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Subbulakshmi Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Bhanot
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - K Satyam Naidu
- Department of Chemistry, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sharnjeet Kaur
- Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Usama Kadem Radi
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Nasr Saadoun Abd
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Muthena Kariem
- Department of Medical Analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Medical Analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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3
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Edirisinghe DT, Kaur J, Lee YQ, Lim HX, Lo SWT, Vishupriyaa S, Tan EW, Wong RSY, Goh BH. The role of the tumour microenvironment in lung cancer and its therapeutic implications. Med Oncol 2025; 42:219. [PMID: 40407951 PMCID: PMC12102098 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-025-02765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/26/2025]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with tumour growth, invasion, and treatment response heavily influenced by the tumour microenvironment (TME). The TME promotes tumour progression by creating an immunosuppressive environment that hampers the body's antitumour immune response, primarily through the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways. These pathways contribute to chronic inflammation, immune evasion, and angiogenesis. Targeting the TME and its signalling pathways has shown potential to enhance treatment efficacy. STAT3, a key transcription factor in lung cancer, drives tumour growth and immune suppression via the mTOR and JAK pathways. Inhibiting these pathways can block STAT3 and slow cancer progression. Promising results have been observed with mTOR inhibitors like CC-115 and Vistusertib, especially when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and with JAK inhibitors such as Ruxolitinib, AZD4205, and Filgotinib. These strategies represent a promising direction for lung cancer therapy. This review explores the intricate relationship between the TME and lung cancer, focussing on novel therapeutic approaches that target immune cells, signalling molecules, and fibroblasts within the TME to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devindi Thathsara Edirisinghe
- Department of Medical Education, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Medical Education, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yue Qi Lee
- Department of Medical Education, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Huey Xin Lim
- Department of Medical Education, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sharis Wan Ting Lo
- Department of Medical Education, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sri Vishupriyaa
- Department of Medical Education, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ee Wern Tan
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Rebecca Shin Yee Wong
- Department of Medical Education, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Jiang S, Li G, Peng S, Chen S, Pang Y, Cui H, Wang F. PRMT1-catalyzed NUSAP1 methylation enhances Notch2 signaling and 5-FU resistance in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2025; 16:404. [PMID: 40393971 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-025-07723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of gastric cancer, limiting its clinical efficacy. Our study identifies NUSAP1, a nucleolar and spindle-associated protein, as a key driver of 5-FU resistance in gastric cancer. Proteomic analyses of 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer cell lines revealed that NUSAP1 is significantly upregulated, and functional studies demonstrated its essential role in promoting resistance, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Mechanistic investigations revealed that NUSAP1 undergoes asymmetric dimethylation (ADMA) at R418 and R422, mediated by PRMT1, with the R422 site being critical for its function. NUSAP1 interacts with the PEST domain of Notch2 through its R422 site, inhibiting Notch2 ubiquitination and stabilizing its expression, thereby activating the Notch2 signaling pathway. This pathway is closely linked to gastric cancer progression and chemoresistance. Inhibition of PRMT1 or mutation of the R422 site abrogated NUSAP1's ability to stabilize Notch2 and regulate downstream signaling. These findings unveil a novel mechanism by which NUSAP1 promotes 5-FU resistance in gastric cancer and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the NUSAP1-Notch2 axis or PRMT1 in overcoming chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suting Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Shihan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shitong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China.
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5
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Yang Y, Li S, To KKW, Zhu S, Wang F, Fu L. Tumor-associated macrophages remodel the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and targeted therapy for immunotherapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2025; 44:145. [PMID: 40380196 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-025-03377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 05/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant advances in the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), primary and acquired ICI resistance remains the primary impediment to effective cancer immunotherapy. Residing in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in tumor progression by regulating diverse signaling pathways. Notably, accumulating evidence has confirmed that TAMs interplay with various cellular components within the TME directly or indirectly to maintain the dynamic balance of the M1/M2 ratio and shape an immunosuppressive TME, consequently conferring immune evasion and immunotherapy tolerance. Detailed investigation of the communication network around TAMs could provide potential molecular targets and optimize ICI therapies. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest advances in understanding the origin and functional plasticity of TAMs, with a focus on the key signaling pathways driving macrophage polarization and the diverse stimuli that regulate this dynamic process. Moreover, we elaborate on the intricate interplay between TAMs and other cellular constituents within the TME, that is driving tumor initiation, progression and immune evasion, exploring novel targets for cancer immunotherapy. We further discuss current challenges and future research directions, emphasizing the need to decode TAM-TME interactions and translate preclinical findings into clinical breakthroughs. In conclusion, while TAM-targeted therapies hold significant promise for enhancing immunotherapy outcomes, addressing key challenges-such as TAM heterogeneity, context-dependent plasticity, and therapeutic resistance-remains critical to achieving optimal clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P.R. China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
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6
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Feng Y, Jiang Y, Yang L, Lu D, Li N, Zhang Q, Yang H, Qin H, Zhang J, Gou X, Jiang F. Targeting CAFs and extracellular matrix (ECM) in lung cancer: Potential of adjuvants and nanoparticles. Bioorg Chem 2025; 162:108586. [PMID: 40398184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2025] [Revised: 05/09/2025] [Accepted: 05/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/23/2025]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prominent components of the lung tumor stroma and are known to foster tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis through extracellular matrix (ECM) and tumor stroma remodeling. The interactions of CAFs with cancer cells and other stromal components contribute significantly to the aggressive nature of lung cancer and pose challenges to conventional treatment approaches. Simultaneously, the ECM, which contains numerous proteins and other molecules surrounding cancer cells, serves as more than just a structural scaffold. In lung cancer, alterations in ECM composition and organization not only promote tumor cell proliferation and survival but also impact drug penetration, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic resistance. Targeting the intricate interplay between CAFs and the dynamic ECM in lung cancer represents a crucial frontier in oncology research. This review aims to delve deeply into the pivotal roles of CAFs and the ECM in the tumorigenesis and progression of lung cancer. Then, the potential of utilizing adjuvants, phytochemicals, and nanoparticles to modulate the functions of CAFs and remodel the ECM in the lung tumor will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Doctoral student of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in grade 2022, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Master student of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2022, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Danni Lu
- Master student of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2022, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Ning Li
- Master student of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2023, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Master student of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2023, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Master student of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2023, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Huiyuan Qin
- Master student of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2024, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Master student of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2024, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Xinyun Gou
- Master student of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2024, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Science and Technology Department of Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011, China.
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7
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Huang F, Cao X, Mei J, Wu C, Zhu W, Sun L, Dai C, Wang M. Gastric cancer cells shuttle lactate to induce inflammatory CAF-like phenotype and function in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Immunol 2025; 183:93-103. [PMID: 40347782 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2025.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2025] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, exemplified by the "Warburg effect," is a hallmark of human cancers, leading to lactate buildup in tumors. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), key contributors to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), integrate into gastric cancer stroma through interactions with cancer cells. However, the role of lactate in activating BM-MSCs in this context remains unclear. Herein, exogenous lactate induced a pro-tumorigenic phenotype in BM-MSCs, which was blocked by AZD3965. Gastric cancer cells released more lactate under hypoxia than normoxia. While normoxic gastric cancer cells could educate BM-MSCs, hypoxic cells were more effective. However, the effects of the supernatant from gastric cancer cells in both conditions were significantly reduced by AZD3965. Similarly, prevention of lactate production by oxamic acid sodium significantly reduced the effects observed. Lactate-activated BM-MSCs showed NF-κB signaling activation, increased IL-8 secretion, and no change in TGF-β signaling. These activated BM-MSCs promoted gastric cancer cell migration and invasion through IL-8 secretion and enhanced resistance to CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity by upregulating PD-L1. Collectively, gastric cancer cells induce an iCAF-like phenotype and function in BM-MSCs through a lactate shuttle mechanism, emphasizing the role of metabolic reprogramming in cellular communication that fosters a supportive tumor microenvironment. Targeting lactate-related pathways may provide new therapeutic strategies to hinder BM-MSCs' supportive roles in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingyu Mei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chun Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Yangzhong People's Hospital Affiliated to medical college of Yangzhou University, Yangzhong, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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8
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Luo Y, Liu J, Qu P, Han S, Li X, Wang Y, Su X, Zeng J, Li J, Deng S, Liang Q, Hou L, Cheng P. The crosstalk of breast cancer and ischemic heart disease. Cell Death Discov 2025; 11:185. [PMID: 40251177 PMCID: PMC12008236 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-025-02428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/20/2025] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the continuous optimization of anti-tumor therapy has greatly improved the cancer-specific survival rate for patients with breast cancer (BC). The prevention and treatment of breast cancer-related heart diseases have become a new breakthrough in improving the long-term survival for BC patient. The cardiac damages caused by BC treatment are increasingly prominent among BC patients, of which ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most prominent. Besides, the systemic inflammatory response activated by tumor microenvironment c an induce and exacerbate IHD and increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Conversely, IHD can also exert detrimental effects on tumors. MI not only increases the risk of BC, but also induces specialized immune cell to BC and accelerates the progression of BC. Meanwhile, the treatment of IHD can also promote BC metastasis and transition to more aggressive phenotypes. Although BC and IHD are diseases of two independent systems, their crosstalk increases the difficulty of anti-cancer treatment and IHD management, which reduces the survival for both diseases. Therefore, this review mainly explores the mutual influence and underlying mechanisms between BC and IHD, aiming to provide insights for improving the long-term survival for patients with BC or IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Academician (expert) Workstation, Biological Targeting Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, P.R. China
| | - Peng Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Han
- Department of Academician (expert) Workstation, Biological Targeting Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Academician (expert) Workstation, Biological Targeting Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Su
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Zeng
- Department of Academician (expert) Workstation, Biological Targeting Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Jinsui Li
- Department of Academician (expert) Workstation, Biological Targeting Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Shishan Deng
- Department of Academician (expert) Workstation, Biological Targeting Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China.
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingmi Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Panke Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, P.R. China.
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610072, P.R. China.
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9
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Lou M. Systemic trafficking of macrophages in implant wear debris-induced periprosthetic osteolysis. SLAS Technol 2025; 31:100254. [PMID: 39914493 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2025.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025]
Abstract
Periprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL) is a significant complication post-joint replacement, often instigated by implant wear debris, leading to chronic inflammation and bone resorption. Herein, this review summarizes the immune mechanisms of PPOL, specifically, the processes where macrophages are recruited by implant wear debris, the mechanisms by which macrophages trigger inflammatory cascades, and the role of chemokines that facilitate macrophage migration, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL8, CX3CL1, and XCL1. This review highlights novel findings on these processes and suggests that illustrating these mechanisms offers promising avenues for future therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat PPOL, such as the potential use of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Lou
- Department of General Practice, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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10
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Gu XY, Yang JL, Lai R, Zhou ZJ, Tang D, Hu L, Zhao LJ. Impact of lactate on immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1563303. [PMID: 40207222 PMCID: PMC11979165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Lactate has emerged as a key regulator in the tumor microenvironment (TME), influencing both tumor progression and immune dynamics. As a byproduct of aerobic glycolysis, lactate satisfies the metabolic needs of proliferating tumor cells while reshaping the TME to facilitate immune evasion. Elevated lactate levels inhibit effector immune cells such as CD8+ T and natural killer cells, while supporting immunosuppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, thus fostering an immunosuppressive environment. Lactate promotes epigenetic reprogramming, stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and activates nuclear factor kappa B, leading to further immunological dysfunction. In this review, we examined the role of lactate in metabolic reprogramming, immune suppression, and treatment resistance. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting lactate metabolism, including lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors, monocarboxylate transporter inhibitors, and TME neutralization methods, all of which can restore immune function and enhance immunotherapy outcomes. By highlighting recent advances, this review provides a theoretical foundation for integrating lactate-targeted therapies into clinical practice. We also highlight the potential synergy between these therapies and current immunotherapeutic strategies, providing new avenues for addressing TME-related challenges and improving outcomes for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Yu Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jia-Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Rui Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Hu
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Jin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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11
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Ma J, Tang L, Xiao J, Tang K, Zhang H, Huang B. Burning lactic acid: a road to revitalizing antitumor immunity. Front Med 2025:10.1007/s11684-025-1126-6. [PMID: 40119026 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-025-1126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2025]
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) accumulation in tumor microenvironments (TME) has been implicated in immune suppression and tumor progress. Diverse roles of LA have been elucidated, including microenvironmental pH regulation, signal transduction, post-translational modification, and metabolic remodeling. This review summarizes LA functions within TME, focusing on the effects on tumor cells, immune cells, and stromal cells. Reducing LA levels is a potential strategy to attack cancer, which inevitably affects the physiological functions of normal tissues. Alternatively, transporting LA into the mitochondria as an energy source for immune cells is intriguing. We underscore the significance of LA in both tumor biology and immunology, proposing the burning of LA as a potential therapeutic approach to enhance antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Immunology & State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jingxuan Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology & State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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12
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Lan Q, Ouyang A, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhong B, Deng S. Pain, lactate, and anesthetics: intertwined regulators of tumor metabolism and immunity. Front Oncol 2025; 15:1534300. [PMID: 40165895 PMCID: PMC11955471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1534300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced cancer frequently endure severe pain, which substantially diminishes their quality of life and can adversely impact survival. Analgesia, a critical modality for alleviating such pain, is now under scrutiny for its potential role in cancer progression, a relationship whose underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Emerging evidence suggests that lactate, once considered a metabolic byproduct, actively participates in the malignant progression of cancer by modulating both metabolic and immunological pathways within the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, lactate is implicated in the modulation of cancer-related pain, exerting effects through direct and indirect mechanisms. This review synthesizes current understanding of lactate's production, transport, and functional roles in tumor cells, encompassing the regulation of tumor metabolism, immunity, and progression. Additionally, we dissect the complex, bidirectional relationship between lactate and pain, and assess the impact of anesthetics on pain relief, lactate homeostasis, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Simin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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13
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Huang M, Jin Y, Zhao D, Liu X. Potential role of lactylation in intrinsic immune pathways in lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1533493. [PMID: 40166469 PMCID: PMC11955616 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1533493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, one of the most lethal malignancies, has seen its therapeutic strategies become a focal point of significant scientific attention. Intrinsic immune signaling pathways play crucial roles in anti-tumor immunity but face clinical application challenges despite promising preclinical outcomes. Lactylation, an emerging research focus, may influences lung cancer progression by modulating the functions of histones and non-histone proteins. Recent findings have suggested that lactylation regulates key intrinsic immune molecules, including cGAS-STING, TLR, and RIG-I, thereby impacting interferon expression. However, the precise mechanisms by which lactylation governs intrinsic immune signaling in lung cancer remain unclear. This review presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the relationship between lactylation and intrinsic immune signaling pathways in lung cancer and emphasizes the innovative perspective of linking lactylation-mediated epigenetic modifications with immune regulation. By thoroughly examining current research findings, this review uncovers potential regulatory mechanisms and highlights the therapeutic implications of targeting lactylation in lung cancer. Future investigations into the intricate interactions between lactylation and intrinsic immunity are anticipated to unveil novel therapeutic targets and strategies, potentially improving patient survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingren Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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14
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Liao T, Chen X, Qiu F, Zhang X, Wu F, Zhao Z, Xu M, Chen M, Shen JW, Shen Q, Ji J. Regulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts for enhanced cancer immunotherapy using advanced functional nanomedicines: an updated review. J Nanobiotechnology 2025; 23:166. [PMID: 40038745 PMCID: PMC11877876 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-025-03217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that plays a critical role in cancer progression. It comprises various cell types, including immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells. Among these, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent a heterogeneous population with diverse origins, phenotypes, and functions. Activated CAFs secrete multiple factors that promote tumor growth, migration, angiogenesis, and contribute to chemoresistance. Additionally, CAFs secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as collagen, which form a physical barrier that hinders the penetration of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents. This ECM also influences immune cell infiltration, impeding their ability to effectively target tumor cells. As a result, modulating the activity of CAFs has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Nano-delivery systems, constructed from various nanomaterials with high targeting specificity and biocompatibility, offer a compelling approach to deliver therapeutic agents or immunomodulatory factors directly to CAFs. This modulation can alter CAF function, reduce their tumor-promoting effects, and thereby improve the outcomes of immunotherapy. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the origins, functions, and interactions of CAFs within the TME, particularly in the context of immune suppression. Furthermore, it discusses the potential applications of functional nanocarrifers in modulating CAFs and enhancing the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy, highlighting the significant progress and potential of nanotechnology in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Fengkai Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Fazong Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Qiying Shen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Jiansong Ji
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, China.
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
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15
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Zhou L, Fan S, Zhang W, Gong Z, Wang D, Tang D. The battle within: cell death by phagocytosis in cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2025; 27:871-886. [PMID: 39167272 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The process by which living cells are phagocytosed and digested to death is called cell death by phagocytosis, a term that has just recently been generalized and redefined. It is characterized by the phagocytosis of living cells and the cessation of cell death by phagocytosis. Phagocytosis of dead cells is a widely discussed issue in cancer, cell death by phagocytosis can stimulate phagocytosis and stimulate adaptive immunity in tumors, and at the same time, do not-eat-me signaling is an important site for cancer cells to evade recognition by phagocytes. Therefore, we discuss in this review cell death by phagocytosis occurring in cancer tissues and emphasize the difference between this new concept and the phagocytosis of dead tumor cells. Immediately thereafter, we describe the mechanisms by which cell death by phagocytosis occurs and how tumors escape phagocytosis. Finally, we summarize the potential clinical uses of cell death by phagocytosis in tumor therapy and strive to provide ideas for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiying Fan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
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16
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Hu Y, Du Y, Qiu Z, Mao P, Da M. Identification and validation VAT1 in gastric cancer through bioinformatics and experimental analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 148:114047. [PMID: 39832459 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2024] [Revised: 12/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
This study investigated the expression pattern of Vesicular Amine Transporter 1 (VAT1) in gastric cancer (GC) and its impact on prognosis, alongside evaluating its potential as a biomarker for immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Analysis of transcriptomic data, supported by experimental validation, revealed that VAT1 is highly expressed in GC and is associated with poor prognosis. Kaplan-Meier and ROC analyses demonstrated VAT1's potential in GC diagnosis, while multivariate analysis confirmed its role as an independent risk factor. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that VAT1 plays a role in regulating the MAPK signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC. Immune infiltration analysis showed a positive correlation between VAT1 and immune cells, particularly macrophages, and a negative correlation with chemotherapy sensitivity. In vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed VAT1's critical role in promoting GC cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Overall, VAT1 holds significant value not only in GC diagnosis and prognosis but also as a potential target for immunotherapy and overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Hu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China.
| | - Yan Du
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhisheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Pengxue Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Minle County People's Hospital, Gansu Province 734500, China.
| | - Mingxu Da
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Oncology Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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17
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Qin L, Li Y, Liu J, An X. Advancements in cellular immunotherapy: overcoming resistance in lung and colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1554256. [PMID: 39975543 PMCID: PMC11835964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1554256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2025] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering hope for patients with otherwise treatment-resistant tumors. Among the most promising approaches are cellular therapies, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, which has shown remarkable success in hematologic malignancies. However, the application of these therapies to solid tumors, such as lung and colorectal cancers, has faced significant challenges. Tumor resistance mechanisms-ranging from immune evasion, antigen loss, and immune checkpoint upregulation, to tumor microenvironment immunosuppression-remain major obstacles. This mini-review highlights the latest advancements in tumor immunotherapy, with a focus on cellular therapies, and addresses the resistance mechanisms that hinder their effectiveness in lung and colorectal cancers. We examine the evolution of CAR-T cell therapy, as well as the potential of engineered natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages in solid tumor treatment. The review also explores cutting-edge strategies aimed at overcoming resistance, including combination therapies, gene editing technologies, and nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery. By discussing the molecular, cellular, and microenvironmental factors contributing to resistance, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of how these challenges can be overcome, paving the way for more effective, personalized immunotherapies in lung and colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Special needs Medicine, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin An
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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18
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Zhao MY, Shen ZL, Dai H, Xu WY, Wang LN, Gu Y, Zhao JH, Yu TH, Wang CZ, Xu JF, Chen GJ, Chen DH, Hong WM, Zhang F. Single-cell sequencing elucidates the mechanism of NUSAP1 in glioma and its diagnostic and prognostic significance. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1512867. [PMID: 39975552 PMCID: PMC11835852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1512867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Personalized precision medicine (PPPM) in cancer immunology and oncology is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential. Gliomas, known for their poor prognosis, rank among the most lethal brain tumors. Despite advancements, there remains a critical need for precise, individualized treatment strategies. Methods We conducted a comprehensive analysis of RNA-seq and microarray data from the TCGA and GEO databases, supplemented by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from glioma patients. By integrating single-cell sequencing analysis with foundational experiments, we investigated the molecular variations and cellular interactions within neural glioma cell subpopulations during tumor progression. Results Our single-cell sequencing analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns across glioma cell subpopulations. Notably, differentiation trajectory analysis identified NUSAP1 as a key marker for the terminal subpopulation. We found that elevated NUSAP1 expression correlated with poor prognosis, prompting further investigation of its functional role through both cellular and animal studies. Conclusions NUSAP1-based risk models hold potential as predictive and therapeutic tools for personalized glioma treatment. In-depth exploration of NUSAP1's mechanisms in glioblastoma could enhance our understanding of its response to immunotherapy, suggesting that targeting NUSAP1 may offer therapeutic benefits for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao-Lei Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongzhen Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wan-Yan Xu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu- Gu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie-Hui Zhao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tian-Hang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-feng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guan-Jun Chen
- Research and Experiment Center of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lu’an People’s Hospital, Luan, China
| | - Wen-Ming Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Open Project of Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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19
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Li Y, He C, Shen AN, Wang Y, Xu ZP, Zhang L, Wang R. pH of Microenvironment Directly Modulates the Phenotype and Function of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. ACS OMEGA 2025; 10:3937-3943. [PMID: 39926491 PMCID: PMC11799978 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c09716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment have been studied extensively, including their differential roles in promoting cancer growth and metastasis, promoting an immune suppressive microenvironment, and reshaping the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts have diverse functions owing to their heterogeneous phenotypes shaped by the microenvironment. Increased acidity is a crucial feature of the tumor microenvironment, contributing to the generation of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Our data show that a low pH drives the formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts in vitro, while increasing pH activates the self-remodeling features of these cells by limiting their proliferation and downregulating the production of extracellular matrix-associated proteins. Our findings show that cancer-associated fibroblasts are a versatile population that can be reprogramed toward a quiescent phenotype with reduced acidity in the tumor microenvironment. pH regulation could be a potential strategy to target fibroblasts for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Gaoke
Innovation Center, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, P. R. China
| | - Chao He
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Gaoke
Innovation Center, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, P. R. China
| | - Ai Ning Shen
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Gaoke
Innovation Center, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Gaoke
Innovation Center, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Gaoke
Innovation Center, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, P. R. China
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Gaoke
Innovation Center, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, P. R. China
- Mater
Research Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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20
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Ni G, Sun Y, Jia H, Xiahou Z, Li Y, Zhao F, Zang H. MAZ-mediated tumor progression and immune evasion in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: Targeting tumor microenvironment and PCLAF+ subtype-specific therapy. Transl Oncol 2025; 52:102280. [PMID: 39805182 PMCID: PMC11780959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2025] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer had been the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, making up nearly one-third of all female cancers. Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HR+BC) was the most prevalent subtype of breast cancer and exhibited significant heterogeneity. Despite advancements in endocrine therapies, patients with advanced HR+BC often faced poor outcomes due to the development of resistance to treatment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this resistance, including tumor heterogeneity and changes in the tumor microenvironment, was crucial for overcoming resistance, identifying new therapeutic targets, and developing more effective personalized treatments. METHODS The study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze HR+BC and identify key cellular characteristics. Cell type identification was achieved through Seurat's analytical tools, and subtype differentiation trajectories were inferred using Slingshot. Cellular communication dynamics between tumor cell subtypes and other cells were analyzed with the CellChat. The pySCENIC package was utilized to analyze transcription factors regulatory networks in the identified tumor cell subtypes. The results were verified by in vitro experiments. A risk scoring model was developed to assess patient outcomes. RESULTS This study employed scRNA-seq to conduct a comprehensive analysis of HR+BC tumor subtypes, identifying the C3 PCLAF+ tumor cells subtype, which demonstrated high proliferation and differentiation potential. C3 PCLAF+ tumor cells subtype was found to be closely associated with cancer-associated fibroblasts through the MK signaling pathway, facilitating tumor progression. Additionally, we discovered that MAZ was significantly expressed in C3 PCLAF+ tumor cells subtype, and in vitro experiments confirmed that MAZ knockdown inhibited tumor growth, accentuating its underlying ability as a therapeutic target. Furthermore, we developed a novel prognostic model based on the expression profile of key prognostic genes within the PCLAF+/MAZ regulatory network. This model linked high PCLAF+ tumor risk scores with poor survival outcomes and specific immune microenvironment characteristics. CONCLUSION This study utilized scRNA-seq to reveal the role of the C3 PCLAF+ tumor cells subtype in HR+BC, emphasizing its association with poor prognosis and resistance to endocrine therapies. MAZ, identified as a key regulator, contributed to tumor progression, while the tumor microenvironment had a pivotal identity in immune evasion. The findings underscored the importance of overcoming drug resistance, recognizing novel treatment targets, and crafting tailored diagnosis regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Ni
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongling Jia
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhikai Xiahou
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Fu Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Hongyan Zang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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Yu Y, Yin H, Wu B, Zhao W, Wang Y, Aili A, Yang M, Yu Q, Yuan X. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer liver metastasis via miR-5692a/IL-8 axis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Biomed Sci 2025; 32:5. [PMID: 39757156 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been extensively studied, with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum, FN) being found in high abundance in colorectal cancer tissues. Previous research has emphasized the significant role of F. nucleatum in the occurrence of CRC. However, the impact of F. nucleatum on CRC liver metastasis has not been well understood. METHODS The effects of F. nucleatum on metastasis ability of CRC cell were evaluated in vitro were examined by wound-healing assay and transwell assay. The mouse model of CRC liver metastasis was constructed by spleen injection, and the degree of liver metastasis was assessed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. The gene expression changes in CRC cells after co-culture with F. nucleatum was analyzed through transcriptome sequencing. qRT-PCR and Western Blot assays were performed to validate the expression of related genes and proteins. RESULTS The metastasis ability of CRC cells was significantly enhanced after co-culture with F. nucleatum in vitro. In the mouse model, F. nucleatum also promoted the development of liver metastasis in CRC. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum infection increased the expression of IL-8 by downregulated the level of miR-5692a, a regulatory microRNA of IL-8. This led to the activation of the ERK pathway and resulted in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that F. nucleatum promotes CRC liver metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the miR-5692a/IL-8 axis. These findings provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Han Yin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bili Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aifeina Aili
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Wu Y, Cui Y, Zheng X, Yao X, Sun G. Integrated machine learning to predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients based on SARS-COV-2 and lung adenocarcinoma crosstalk genes. Cancer Sci 2025; 116:95-111. [PMID: 39489517 PMCID: PMC11711064 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses are widely recognized to be intricately associated with both solid and hematological malignancies in humans. The primary goal of this research is to elucidate the interplay of genes between SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), with a preliminary investigation into their clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanisms. Transcriptome data for SARS-CoV-2 infection and LUAD were sourced from public databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified and subsequently overlapped with TCGA-LUAD DEGs to discern the crosstalk genes (CGs). In addition, CGs pertaining to both diseases were further refined using LUAD TCGA and GEO datasets. Univariate Cox regression was conducted to identify genes associated with LUAD prognosis, and these genes were subsequently incorporated into the construction of a prognosis signature using 10 different machine learning algorithms. Additional investigations, including tumor mutation burden assessment, TME landscape, immunotherapy response assessment, as well as analysis of sensitivity to antitumor drugs, were also undertaken. We discovered the risk stratification based on the prognostic signature revealed that the low-risk group demonstrated superior clinical outcomes (p < 0.001). Gene set enrichment analysis results predominantly exhibited enrichment in pathways related to cell cycle. Our analyses also indicated that the low-risk group displayed elevated levels of infiltration by immunocytes (p < 0.001) and superior immunotherapy response (p < 0.001). In our study, we reveal a close association between CGs and the immune microenvironment of LUAD. This provides preliminary insight for further exploring the mechanism and interaction between the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- School of Public HealthNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Yishuang Cui
- School of Public HealthNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Xuan Zheng
- School of Public HealthNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Xuemin Yao
- School of Public HealthNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Guogui Sun
- School of Public HealthNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
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Zheng Y, Cai J, Ji Q, Liu L, Liao K, Dong L, Gao J, Huang Y. Tumor-Activated Neutrophils Promote Lung Cancer Progression through the IL-8/PD-L1 Pathway. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2025; 25:294-305. [PMID: 39354766 PMCID: PMC11851149 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096337237240909101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer remains a major global health threat due to its complex microenvironment, particularly the role of neutrophils, which are crucial for tumor development and immune evasion mechanisms. This study aimed to delve into the impact of lung cancer cell-conditioned media on neutrophil functions and their potential implications for lung cancer progression. METHODS Employing in vitro experimental models, this study has analyzed the effects of lung cancer cell-conditioned media on neutrophil IL-8 and IFN-γ secretion, apoptosis, PD-L1 expression, and T-cell proliferation by using techniques, such as ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and CFSE proliferation assay. The roles of IL-8/PD-L1 in regulating neutrophil functions were further explored using inhibitors for IL-8 and PD-L1. RESULTS Lung cancer cell lines were found to secrete higher levels of IL-8 compared to normal lung epithelial cells. The conditioned media from lung cancer cells significantly reduced apoptosis in neutrophils, increased PD-L1 expression, and suppressed T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. These effects were partially reversed in the presence of IL-8 inhibitors in Tumor Tissue Culture Supernatants (TTCS), while being further enhanced by IL-8. Both apoptosis and PD-L1 expression in neutrophils demonstrated dose-dependency to TTCS. Additionally, CFSE proliferation assay results further confirmed the inhibitory effect of lung cancer cell-conditioned media on T-- cell proliferation. CONCLUSION This study has revealed lung cancer cell-conditioned media to modulate neutrophil functions through regulating factors, such as IL-8, thereby affecting immune regulation and tumor progression in the lung cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, 353006, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, 353006, China
| | - Qiuhong Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, 353006, China
| | - Luanmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, 353006, China
| | - Kaijun Liao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, 353006, China
| | - Lie Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, 353006, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, 353006, China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, 353006, China
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