Targeting p62 by sulforaphane promotes autolysosomal degradation of SLC7A11, inducing ferroptosis for osteosarcoma treatment

GPX4 degradation contributes to heat stress-induced liver injury via chaperone-mediated autophagy

Heat stress (HS) is a significant health concern that adversely affects both human and animal health, particularly impacting liver function due to its central metabolic role. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying HS-induced liver injury, focusing on the role of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and cellular iron accumulation. Using mouse and cellular HS models, the results demonstrated that HS induced liver injury through ferroptosis, as evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and iron, alongside decreased glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression. The ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) effectively mitigated HS-induced liver damage, reducing oxidative stress and restoring GPX4 levels. Furthermore, HS promoted the lysosomal degradation of GPX4 via the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway, which was regulated by heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A). Knockdown of LAMP2A in hepatocytes significantly suppressed HS-induced GPX4 degradation, confirming the critical role of CMA in this process. Inhibition of CMA using Apoptozole, an HSC70 inhibitor, or Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1), a lysosomal inhibitor, further attenuated HS-induced ferroptosis and liver injury. These findings highlight the critical role of CMA-mediated GPX4 degradation in HS-induced ferroptosis and liver injury, providing potential therapeutic targets for mitigating HS-related liver damage.

Sulforaphane's Role in Osteosarcoma Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies

Background/Objectives: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone cancer, characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), has gained scientific interest because of its potent anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research examining the effectiveness of SFN as a treatment for OSA. Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of SFN on OSA were included, while studies examining the effects of isothiocyanates other than SFN were excluded. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the OHAT risk of bias rating tool, and the meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan. Cancer-related outcomes evaluated included cell viability/migration/invasion, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, antioxidant activity, colony formation, and tumour size. A protocol describing the review plan was registered to INPLASY (INPLASY202530001). Results: Ten articles were considered eligible for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. All articles included in vitro studies, with two also incorporating in vivo studies, utilizing a combination of human, canine, and murine OSA cell lines. This review indicates that SFN could be beneficial in the treatment of OSA, particularly by reducing cell viability, inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, and decreasing invasiveness and migration. It emphasizes dose-dependent effects, the need for human trials, and highlights limitations like study heterogeneity and SFN's bioavailability challenges. Conclusions: This review explores SFN's potential in OSA at the preclinical stage, focusing on cell apoptosis and proliferation. It highlights promising evidence but calls for more human trials. This research received no external funding.