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Wei LN, Wu NN, Xu R, Liu S, Li HX, Lin L, Hou R, Xu XR, Zhao JL, Ying GG. First Evidence of the Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Tire Additives and Their Transformation Products in an Estuarine Food Web. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6370-6380. [PMID: 38497719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of the significant lethal impacts of the tire additive transformation product N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) on coho salmon has garnered global attention. However, the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of tire additives and their transformation products (TATPs) within food webs remain obscure. This study first characterized the levels and compositions of 15 TATPs in the Pearl River Estuary, estimated their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer potential in 21 estuarine species, and identified priority contaminants. Our observations indicated that TATPs were prevalent in the estuarine environment. Eight, six, seven, and 10 TATPs were first quantified in the shrimp, sea cucumber, snail, and fish samples, with total mean levels of 45, 56, 64, and 67 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and N,N'-bis(2-methylphenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine (DTPD) exhibited high bioaccumulation. Significant biodilution was only identified for benzothiazole, while DPPD and DTPD displayed biomagnification trends based on Monte Carlo simulations. The mechanisms of bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of TATPs could be explained by their chemical hydrophobicity, molecular mass, and metabolic rates. Based on a multicriteria scoring technique, DPPD, DTPD, and 6PPD-Q were characterized as priority contaminants. This work emphasizes the importance of biomonitoring, particularly for specific hydrophobic tire additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ni Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nian-Nian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Ge J, Hou X, Liu L, Deng Q, Du B, Zeng L. Comprehensive Identification and Ubiquitous Occurrence of Eight Classes of Rubber-Derived Vulcanization Accelerators in Urban Dusts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5117-5128. [PMID: 38440993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Vulcanization accelerators (VAs) serve as crucial additives in synthetic rubber on a global scale. Despite their widespread use, the environmental presence, distribution, and associated exposure risks of VAs remain poorly understood. This study compiled a target list and conducted a screening for eight classes encompassing 42 VAs in diverse urban dust samples from South China. A total of 40 of the 42 target VAs were detectable across all four studied regions, among which 30 were identified for the first time in the environment. Among the eight structure-classified VA classes, xanthates exhibited the highest concentrations (median: 3810-81,300 ng/g), followed by thiazoles, guanidines, sulfenamides, dithiocarbamates, thiurams, thioureas, and others. The median total concentrations of all target VAs (∑VAs) were determined to be 5060 ng/g in road dust, 5730 ng/g in parking lot dust, 29,200 ng/g in vehicle repair plant dust, and 84,300 ng/g in household dust, indicating the widespread presence of numerous rubber-derived VAs in various urban environments. This study marked the first systematic effort to identify a wide range of emerging rubber-derived VAs prevalent in urban environments. The findings call for increased attention to these widely utilized but less well-evaluated chemicals in future research and environmental management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ge
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Bibai Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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Liu MJ, Li SC, Wu ZJ, Wang Z, Li JL. Modification of Liquid Oxygen Compatibility of Bisphenol F Epoxy Resin. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to improve the compatibility of bisphenol F epoxy resin with the liquid oxygen, the hexabromocyclododecane and the antimony trioxide were added to bisphenol F epoxy resin, and then cured resin was mechanically impacted according to ASTM D-2512-95. The microstructure and the surface element compositions of the specimen before and after the mechanical impact were investigated and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. These results indicated that the addition of the antimony trioxide was favorable to help the hexabromocyclododecane to improve the compatibility of the bisphenol F epoxy resin with liquid oxygen. The liquid oxygen compatibility mechanism and the synergistic effect of the hexabromocyclododecane and antimony trioxide on the improvement of compatibility of bisphenol F epoxy resin with liquid oxygen were analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.-J. Liu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, PRC
| | - S.-C. Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, PRC
| | - Z.-J. Wu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, PRC
| | - Z. Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, PRC
| | - J.-L. Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, PRC
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