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Boogaard PJ, Buschmann J, Fuhst R, Blümlein K, Koch W, Schaudien D, Schwarz K, McAlinden C, Deferme L, Vaissiere M, Ketelslegers HB, Steneholm A. Prenatal developmental toxicity studies on fumes from oxidised asphalt (OA) in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 102:67-79. [PMID: 33781938 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal developmental toxicity of the fumes of oxidised asphalt (OA) was tested by nose-only inhalation in the rat. The test material was generated by collecting fumes from the headspace of storage tanks filled with OA. The composition of these fumes was matched to fumes sampled at a workplace where the same OA was applied in a pour-and-roll operation, representing occupational exposure with high concentrations of fumes to not underestimate the possible hazard. In the main study, dams were exposed to 0, 53, 158 and 536 mg/m3 of fume (as total organic mass), for 6 h/day for 19 days p.c. The maternal NOAEC was 53 mg/m³ (lowest dose tested). In the high-dose group treatment-related effects on body weight gain were seen. In the mid- and high-dose groups treatment-related effects on food consumption, lung weights, and histopathological changes in lungs and the upper respiratory tract were observed. The NOAEC for prenatal developmental toxicity was 536 mg/m³ since no exposure-related effects were found in any of the exposure groups for any of the investigated reproductive endpoints. Furthermore, nose-only exposure to OA fumes in concentrations up to 536 mg/m³ from days 1-19 p.c. did not induce any significant fetal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Boogaard
- Shell Health, Shell International bv, PO Box 162, 2501 AN The Hague, The Netherlands; Toxicology Group in CONCAWE, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jochen Buschmann
- General and Reproductive Toxicology Consultancy, Haegewiesen 93, 30657 Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Rainer Fuhst
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Blümlein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Schwarz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine McAlinden
- toXcel International, PO Box 93, Ledbury, Herefordshire HR8 9JE, United Kingdom.
| | - Lize Deferme
- ExxonMobil Petroleum and Chemical bv, Hermeslaan 2, 1831 Machelen, Belgium; Toxicology Group in CONCAWE, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Vaissiere
- Total, 24 cours Michelet, 92800 Puteaux, France; Toxicology Group in CONCAWE, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Anna Steneholm
- Nynas, P.O. Box 10 700, SE-121 29 Stockholm, Sweden; Toxicology Group in CONCAWE, Brussels, Belgium.
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Boogaard PJ, Buschmann J, Fuhst R, Blümlein K, Schwarz K, Schaudien D, Koch W, McAlinden C, Deferme L, Vaissiere M, Ketelslegers HB, Steneholm A. Prenatal developmental toxicity studies on fumes from bitumen in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 99:15-26. [PMID: 33249228 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal developmental toxicity of bitumen fume was tested by nose-only inhalation in the rat. The fumes for exposure were collected from the headspace of a storage tank filled with a bitumen corresponding in composition to an anticipated worst-case occupational exposure. The composition of these fumes was compared to actual paving site fumes to ensure its representativeness for workplace exposures. In a dose-range-finding study male and female rats were exposed to 0, 103, 480 or 1043 mg/m3 of fume (as total organic mass), for 6 h/day during 20 days post conception (p.c.). Dose-related effects on body weight and lungs were observed in the mid- and high-dose groups. In the main study, dams were exposed to 0, 52, 151 and 482 mg/m3 of fume, for 6 h/day during 19 days p.c. The maternal NOAEL was 52 mg/m³. In the high-dose group treatment-related effects on body weight (gain), food consumption, lung weights, and histopathological changes in lungs and larynx were observed. In the mid-dose group only histopathological changes in the larynx and lungs were found. The NOAEL for prenatal developmental toxicity was 151 mg/m³ based on reduced fetal weight in the high-dose group (482 mg/m³). However, these changes are most likely a consequence of the maternal toxicity, in particular the reduction of maternal body weight gain by 26 % as compared to control. Nose-only exposure to bitumen fumes in concentrations up to 482 mg/m³ from days 1-19 p.c. did not induce any significant fetal anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Boogaard
- Shell Health, Shell International Bv, PO Box 162, The Hague, 2501 AN, The Netherlands; Toxicology Group in CONCAWE, Belgium.
| | - Jochen Buschmann
- General and Reproductive Toxicology Consultancy, Haegewiesen 93, Hannover, 30657, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Rainer Fuhst
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Katharina Blümlein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Katharina Schwarz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Christine McAlinden
- toXcel International, PO Box 93, Ledbury, Herefordshire, HR8 9JE, United Kingdom.
| | - Lize Deferme
- ExxonMobil Petroleum and Chemical Bv, Hermeslaan 2, Machelen, 1831, Belgium; Toxicology Group in CONCAWE, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Vaissiere
- Total, 24 Cours Michelet, Puteaux, 92800, France; Toxicology Group in CONCAWE, Belgium.
| | | | - Anna Steneholm
- Nynas AB, P.O. Box 10 700, Stockholm, SE-121 29, Sweden; Toxicology Group in CONCAWE, Belgium.
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