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Papademas P, Kamilari E, Aspri M, Anagnostopoulos DA, Mousikos P, Kamilaris A, Tsaltas D. Investigation of donkey milk bacterial diversity by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing on a Cyprus donkey farm. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:167-178. [PMID: 33162091 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interest in milk originating from donkeys is growing worldwide due to its claimed functional and nutritional properties, especially for sensitive population groups, such as infants with cow milk protein allergy. The current study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of donkey milk produced in a donkey farm in Cyprus using culture-based and high-throughput sequencing techniques. The culture-based microbiological analysis showed very low microbial counts, whereas important food-borne pathogens were not detected in any sample. In addition, high-throughput sequencing was applied to characterize the bacterial communities of donkey milk samples. Donkey milk mostly composed of gram-negative Proteobacteria, including Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Mesorhizobium, and Acinetobacter; lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Streptococcus; the endospores forming Clostridium; and the environmental genera Flavobacterium and Ralstonia, detected in lower relative abundances. The results of the study support existing findings that donkey milk contains mostly gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, it raises questions regarding the contribution of (1) antimicrobial agents (i.e., lysozyme, peptides) in shaping the microbial communities and (2) bacterial microbiota to the functional value of donkey milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Papademas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
| | - E Kamilari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - M Aspri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - D A Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - P Mousikos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - A Kamilaris
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, the Netherlands; Research Centre on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies-RISE, Nicosia 1066, Cyprus
| | - D Tsaltas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
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2
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Hering NA, Luettig J, Krug SM, Wiegand S, Gross G, van Tol EA, Schulzke JD, Rosenthal R. Lactoferrin protects against intestinal inflammation and bacteria-induced barrier dysfunction in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1405:177-188. [PMID: 28614589 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The iron-binding glycoprotein lactoferrin (LF) is naturally present in human breast milk. Several studies suggest that LF contributes to infant health and development owing to a variety of protective effects, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory features. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate its protective properties on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by infection or inflammation using the human epithelial cell culture models HT-29/B6 and T84. During barrier perturbation induced by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), bovine LF restored tight junction (TJ) morphometry and inhibited TNF-α-induced epithelial apoptosis. This resulted in an attenuation of the TNF-α-induced decrease in transepithelial resistance (TER) and increases in permeability of fluorescein and FITC-dextran (4 kDa) and was as effective as the apoptosis inhibitor Q-VD-Oph. The enteropathogenic bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica is a frequent cause of diarrhea in early childhood. This involves focal changes in TJ protein expression and localization. LF diminished the Y. enterocolitica-induced drop in TER in the present in vitro model, which was paralleled by an inhibition of the Yersinia-induced reduction of claudin-8 expression via c-Jun kinase signaling. In conclusion, LF exerts protective effects against inflammation- or infection-induced barrier dysfunction in human intestinal cell lines, supporting its relevance for healthy infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Hering
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Luettig
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Gastroenterology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Gastroenterology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wiegand
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Gastroenterology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Gross
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric A van Tol
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jörg D Schulzke
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Gastroenterology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Rosenthal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Gastroenterology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Jahani S, Shakiba A, Jahani L. The Antimicrobial Effect of Lactoferrin on Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/iji27594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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4
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da Silva JDF, Vicentim J, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Assato PA, Andreotti PF, da Silva JLM, Soares CP, Benard G, Almeida AMF, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Influence of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 and gp43 proteins on the induction of apoptosis in A549 epithelial cells. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:476-84. [PMID: 26038961 PMCID: PMC4501410 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal strain Paracoccidioides brasiliensis remains viable inside of epithelial cells and can induce apoptosis in this population. However, until now, the molecules that participate in this process remained unknown. Thus, this study evaluated the contribution of two P. brasiliensis molecules, the 14-3-3 and glycoprotein of 43 kDa proteins, which had been previously described as extracellular matrix adhesins and apoptosis inductors in human pneumocytes. Accordingly, epithelial cells were treated with these molecules for different periods of time and the expression of the apoptosis regulating-proteins Bak, Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and caspases were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling, flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Our results demonstrated that treatment with these molecules induces apoptosis signalling in pulmonary epithelial cells, showing the same pattern of programmed cell-death as that observed during infection with P. brasiliensis. Thus, we could conclude that P. brasiliensis uses these molecules as virulence factors that participate not only in the fungal adhesion process to host cells, but also in other important cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Vicentim
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Ferrari Andreotti
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Leal Monteiro da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Christiane Pienna Soares
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratório de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica e Experimental
- Clínica de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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Bertuccini L, Costanzo M, Iosi F, Tinari A, Terruzzi F, Stronati L, Aloi M, Cucchiara S, Superti F. Lactoferrin prevents invasion and inflammatory response following E. coli strain LF82 infection in experimental model of Crohn's disease. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46:496-504. [PMID: 24631031 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease is a multifactorial disease in which an aberrant immune response to commensal intestinal microbiota leads to chronic inflammation. The small intestine of patients with Crohn's disease is colonized by a group of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strongly able to adhere and invade intestinal epithelial cells lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein known to have anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. AIMS We explore the ability of bovine lactoferrin to modulate the interactions between the adherent-invasive E. coli strain LF82 and intestinal epithelial cells as well as the inflammatory response. METHODS Bacterial adhesion and invasion assays were used to assess the antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin. Electron microscopy was used to characterize bacteria-cell interactions. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured both in cultured cells and in biopsies taken from intestine of patients affected by Crohn's disease. RESULTS Lactoferrin inhibited bacterial invasion through minimally affecting adhesion. This divergence was due to a mannose-dependent lactoferrin binding to the bacterial type 1 pili and consequent bacterial aggregation on the intestinal epithelial cell surface. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6, was markedly inhibited by lactoferrin both in cultured and Crohn-derived intestinal cells. CONCLUSIONS Bovine lactoferrin might function via an antibacterial and/or anti-inflammatory mechanism in the treatment of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Bertuccini
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Costanzo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Radiobiology and Human Health, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Iosi
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinari
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Terruzzi
- Giellepi S.p.A., Via G. Verdi, 41/Q, 20831 Seregno (MB), Italy
| | - Laura Stronati
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Radiobiology and Human Health, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Aloi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Superti
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Yang R, Du Z, Han Y, Zhou L, Song Y, Zhou D, Cui Y. Omics strategies for revealing Yersinia pestis virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:157. [PMID: 23248778 PMCID: PMC3521224 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics has remarkably changed the way we investigate and understand life. Omics differs from traditional hypothesis-driven research because it is a discovery-driven approach. Mass datasets produced from omics-based studies require experts from different fields to reveal the salient features behind these data. In this review, we summarize omics-driven studies to reveal the virulence features of Yersinia pestis through genomics, trascriptomics, proteomics, interactomics, etc. These studies serve as foundations for further hypothesis-driven research and help us gain insight into Y. pestis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China.
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Human lactoferrin increases Helicobacter pylori internalisation into AGS cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:1871-80. [PMID: 22806010 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has high global infection rates and can cause other undesirable clinical manifestations such as duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastric cancer (GC). Frequencies of re-infection after therapeutic clearance and rates of DU versus GC vary geographically and differ markedly between developed and developing countries, which suggests additional factors may be involved. The possibility that, in vivo, lactoferrin (Lf) may play a subtle role in modulating micronutrient availability or bacterial internalisation with implications for disease etiology is considered. Lf is an iron binding protein produced in mammals that has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Some bacteria that regularly colonise mammalian hosts have adapted to living in high Lf environments and we investigated if this included the gastric pathogen H. pylori. We found that H. pylori was able to use iron from fully iron-saturated human Lf (hLf) whereas partially iron-saturated hLf (apo) did not increase H. pylori growth. Instead, apo-hLf increased adherence to and internalisation of bacteria into cultured epithelial cells. By increasing internalisation, we speculate that apo-human lactoferrin may contribute to H. pylori's ability to persistence in the human stomach, an observation that potentially has implications for the risk of H. pylori-associated disease.
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Krzymińska S, Tańska A, Kaznowski A. Aeromonas spp. induce apoptosis of epithelial cells through an oxidant-dependent activation of the mitochondrial pathway. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:889-898. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.030833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Krzymińska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Tańska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Kaznowski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Koczura R, Mokracka J, Krzymińska S, Kaznowski A. Virulence properties and integron-associated antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella mobilis strains isolated from clinical specimens. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:281-288. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.024059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined Klebsiella mobilis isolates cultured from clinical specimens for virulence-associated properties and antibiotic resistance. The strains produced a number of siderophores, including enterobactin, aerobactin and yersiniabactin. All isolates were able to adhere to and invade epithelial cells. They had cytotoxic activity, which caused destruction of human laryngeal epithelial HEp-2 cells and evoked lysis of murine macrophage J774 cells. Analyses of HEp-2 and J774 cellular morphology and DNA fragmentation in the cells showed features typical of cells undergoing apoptosis. Some K. mobilis strains harboured class 1 integrons carrying the aadA1 gene encoding an aminoglycoside adenyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Koczura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Mokracka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sylwia Krzymińska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Kaznowski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Yersinia enterocolitica induces epithelial barrier dysfunction through regional tight junction changes in colonic HT-29/B6 cell monolayers. J Transl Med 2011; 91:310-24. [PMID: 20956974 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms leading to barrier dysfunction and diarrhea. Exposure of human colonic HT-29/B6 cells to Y. enterocolitica resulted in a decrease in transepithelial resistance from 404±23 to 163±21 Ω cm² (P<0.001) in parallel with an increase in mannitol (182 Da) and fluorescein (332 Da) permeability, whereas short circuit current did not change. This effect was time dependent, required the presence of living bacteria, could not be triggered by bacterial supernatants and was not due to Yersinia outer proteins. Concomitantly, Y. enterocolitica induced necrosis as indicated by an increase in lactate dehydrogenase-release, whereas epithelial apoptosis was not upregulated. Local changes in conductivity were detected by conductance scanning, indicating 'leaky regions' within the epithelium that were visualized by biotinylation and confocal microscopy. In these regions, claudin-3 and -4 and, especially claudin-8, were redistributed off the tight junction (TJ) into the cytoplasm. In addition, the expression of claudin-2, -3, -8, -10 and ZO-1 was diminished as quantified by immunoblotting. Moreover, we found claudin-8 to be regulated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, the inhibition of which attenuated the Y. enterocolitica-induced decrease in transepithelial resistance and restored claudin-8 protein level. In conclusion, barrier dysfunction in Y. enterocolitica infection is due to circumscribed epithelial TJ protein changes and necrotic cell loss, as a consequence of which leak flux diarrhea and antigen-uptake provoking extraintestinal arthritis may be triggered.
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Isolates of the Enterobacter cloacae complex induce apoptosis of human intestinal epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 2010; 49:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Much has been learned in recent years about the mechanisms by which breastfeeding improves child health and survival. However, there has been little progress in using these insights to improve pediatric care. Factors that are important for protecting the breast fed infant might be expected to decrease the adverse effects of weaning on diarrhea, growth, and development. Lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein with multiple physiological functions (anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory), is one of the most important proteins present in mammalian milk. Protection against gastroenteritis is the most likely biologically relevant activity of lactoferrin. Multiple in vitro and animal studies have shown a protective effect of lactoferrin on infections with enteric microorganisms, including rotavirus, Giardia, Shigella, Salmonella and the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Lactoferrin has two major effects on enteric pathogens: it inhibits growth and it impairs function of surface expressed virulence factors thereby decreasing their ability to adhere or to invade mammalian cells. Thus, lactoferrin may protect infants from gastrointestinal infection by preventing the attachment by enteropathogens in the gut. Recently several clinical trials in children have started to address this issue. Whether lactoferrin can prevent a significant portion of diarrheal disease remains to be determined.
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