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Su J, Meng Y, Fang Y, Sun L, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhao C, Dai L, Ouyang S. Role of raphe magnus 5-HT 1A receptor in increased ventilatory responses induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats. Respir Res 2022; 23:42. [PMID: 35241072 PMCID: PMC8892800 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intermittent hypoxia induces increased ventilatory responses in a 5-HT-dependent manner. This study aimed to explore that effect of raphe magnus serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) receptor on the increased ventilatory responses induced by intermittent hypoxia. Methods Stereotaxic surgery was performed in adult male rats, and acute and chronic intermittent hypoxia models were established after recovery from surgery. The experimental group received microinjections of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) into the raphe magnus nucleus (RMg). Meanwhile, the control group received microinjections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid instead of 8-OH-DPAT. Ventilatory responses were compared among the different groups of oxygen status. 5-HT expressions in the RMg region were assessed by immunohistochemistry after chronic intermittent hypoxia. Results Compared with the normoxia group, the acute intermittent hypoxia group exhibited higher ventilatory responses (e.g., shorter inspiratory time and higher tidal volume, frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, and mean inspiratory flow) (P < 0.05). 8-OH-DPAT microinjection partly weakened these changes in the acute intermittent hypoxia group. Further, compared with the acute intermittent hypoxia group, rats in chronic intermittent hypoxia group exhibited higher measures of ventilatory responses after 1 day of intermittent hypoxia (P < 0.05). These effects peaked after 3 days of intermittent hypoxia treatment and then decreased gradually. Moreover, these changes were diminished in the experimental group. 5-HT expression in the RMg region increased after chronic intermittent hypoxia, which was consistent with the changing trend of ventilatory responses. While activation of the 5-HT1A receptor in the RMg region alleviated this phenomenon. Conclusions The results indicate that RMg 5-HT1A receptor, via changing the expression level of 5-HT in the RMg region, is involved in the modulation of the increased ventilatory responses induced by intermittent hypoxia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01970-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Su
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yifei Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Linge Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Songyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Stipica Safic I, Pecotic R, Pavlinac Dodig I, Dogas Z, Valic Z, Valic M. Phrenic long-term depression evoked by intermittent hypercapnia is modulated by serotonergic and adrenergic receptors in raphe nuclei. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:321-329. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00776.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypercapnia evokes prolonged depression of phrenic nerve activity (phrenic long-term depression, pLTD). This study was undertaken to investigate the role of 5-HT and α2-adrenergic receptors in the initiation of pLTD. Adult male urethane-anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a protocol of acute intermittent hypercapnia (AIHc; 5 episodes of 15% CO2in air, each episode lasting 3 min). The experimental group received microinjection of the selective 5-HT1Areceptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT), the broad-spectrum 5-HT antagonist methysergide, or the α2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine, whereas the control group received microinjection of 0.9% saline into the caudal raphe region. Peak phrenic nerve activity (pPNA) and burst frequency ( f) were analyzed during baseline (T0), during 5 hypercapnic episodes (THc1–THc5), and at 15, 30, and 60 min after the end of the last hypercapnic episode. In the control group, pPNA decreased 60 min after the end of the last hypercapnic episode compared with baseline values, i.e., pLTD developed ( P = 0.023). In the 8-OH-DPAT group, pPNA significantly decreased at T15, T30, and T60 compared with baseline values, i.e., pLTD developed ( P = 0.01). In the methysergide and yohimbine groups, AIHc did not evoke significant changes of the pPNA at T15, T30, and T60 compared with baseline values. In conclusion, activation of 5-HT1Areceptors accentuated induction of pLTD, whereas blockade of α2-adrenergic receptors prevented development of pLTD following AIHc in anesthetized rats. These results suggest that chemical modulation of 5-HT and α2-adrenergic receptors in raphe nuclei affects hypercapnia-induced pLTD, offering important insights in understanding the mechanisms involved in development of respiratory plasticity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypercapnia is a concomitant feature of many breathing disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea. In this study, acute intermittent hypercapnia evoked development of phrenic long-term depression (pLTD) 60 min after the last hypercapnic episode that was preserved if the selective 5-HT1Areceptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide was microinjected in the caudal raphe region before the hypercapnic stimulus. This study highlights that both 5-HT and adrenergic receptor activation is needed for induction of pLTD in urethane-anesthetized rats following intermittent hypercapnia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Stipica Safic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Renata Pecotic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Pavlinac Dodig
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Zoran Dogas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Zoran Valic
- Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Valic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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STIPICA I, PAVLINAC DODIG I, PECOTIC R, DOGAS Z, VALIC Z, VALIC M. Periodicity During Hypercapnic and Hypoxic Stimulus Is Crucial in Distinct Aspects of Phrenic Nerve Plasticity. Physiol Res 2016; 65:133-43. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine pattern sensitivity of phrenic nerve plasticity in respect to different respiratory challenges. We compared long-term effects of intermittent and continuous hypercapnic and hypoxic stimuli, and combined intermittent hypercapnia and hypoxia on phrenic nerve plasticity. Adult, male, urethane-anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to: acute intermittent hypercapnia (AIHc or AIHcO2), acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), combined intermittent hypercapnia and hypoxia (AIHcH), continuous hypercapnia (CHc), or continuous hypoxia (CH). Peak phrenic nerve activity (pPNA) and burst frequency were analyzed during baseline (T0), hypercapnia or hypoxia exposures, at 15, 30, and 60 min (T60) after the end of the stimulus. Exposure to acute intermittent hypercapnia elicited decrease of phrenic nerve frequency from 44.25±4.06 at T0 to 35.29±5.21 at T60, (P=0.038, AIHc) and from 45.5±2.62 to 37.17±3.68 breaths/min (P=0.049, AIHcO2), i.e. frequency phrenic long term depression was induced. Exposure to AIH elicited increase of pPNA at T60 by 141.0±28.2 % compared to baseline (P=0.015), i.e. phrenic long-term facilitation was induced. Exposure to AIHcH, CHc, or CH protocols failed to induce long-term plasticity of the phrenic nerve. Thus, we conclude that intermittency of the hypercapnic or hypoxic stimuli is needed to evoke phrenic nerve plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M. VALIC
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Valic M, Pecotic R, Pavlinac Dodig I, Valic Z, Stipica I, Dogas Z. Intermittent hypercapnia-induced phrenic long-term depression is revealed after serotonin receptor blockade with methysergide in anaesthetized rats. Exp Physiol 2015; 101:319-31. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Valic
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Split School of Medicine; Split Croatia
| | - Renata Pecotic
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Split School of Medicine; Split Croatia
| | - Ivana Pavlinac Dodig
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Split School of Medicine; Split Croatia
| | - Zoran Valic
- Department of Physiology; University of Split School of Medicine; Split Croatia
| | - Ivona Stipica
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Split School of Medicine; Split Croatia
| | - Zoran Dogas
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Split School of Medicine; Split Croatia
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Marinov V, Valic M, Pecotic R, Karanovic N, Dodig IP, Carev M, Valic Z, Dogas Z. Sevoflurane and isoflurane monoanesthesia abolished the phrenic long-term facilitation in rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 189:607-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pavlinac Dodig I, Pecotic R, Valic M, Dogas Z. Acute intermittent hypoxia induces phrenic long-term facilitation which is modulated by 5-HT1A receptor in the caudal raphe region of the rat. J Sleep Res 2011; 21:195-203. [PMID: 21883593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2011.00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterized by periods of upper airway collapse accompanied by repeated episodes of hypoxia. In experimental animals repeated bouts of hypoxia may evoke sustained augmentation of phrenic nerve activity, known as phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF). This form of physiological compensation might contribute to stable breathing, minimizing the occurrence of apnoeas and/or hypopnoeas during sleep in patients with OSA. Serotonin (5-HT) has been shown to modulate respiratory neuronal activity, possibly via projections originating in the raphe nuclei. Our model focuses on the effects of 5-HT1A receptors blockade by selective antagonist WAY-100635 into the caudal raphe region on phrenic long-term facilitation after exposure to acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) episodes. Adult, male, urethane-anaesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to AIH protocol. Experimental group received microinjection of WAY-100635 into the caudal raphe nucleus, whereas the control group received saline into the same site. Peak phrenic nerve activity and respiratory rhythm parameters were analysed during five hypoxic episodes, as well as at 15, 30 and 60 min after the end of hypoxias. In the control group, 1 h post-hypoxia pLTF was developed. Microinjections of selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 into the raphe nuclei prior to the AIH protocol prevented induction of pLTF. These results suggest that 5-HT1A receptor activation at supraspinal level is important for induction of pLTF, which is suggested to be an important respiratory neuroplasticity model in animal studies that possibly correlates with OSA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pavlinac Dodig
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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