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Baddam P, Biancardi V, Roth DM, Eaton F, Thereza-Bussolaro C, Mandal R, Wishart DS, Barr A, MacLean J, Flores-Mir C, Pagliardini S, Graf D. Neural crest-specific deletion of Bmp7 leads to midfacial hypoplasia, nasal airway obstruction, and disordered breathing modelling Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.047738. [PMID: 33431521 PMCID: PMC7888714 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a relatively common sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) affecting approximately 1-5% of children, is often caused by anatomical obstruction and/or collapse of the nasal and/or pharyngeal airways. The resulting sleep disruption and intermittent hypoxia lead to various systemic morbidities. Predicting the development of OSA from craniofacial features alone is currently not possible and a controversy remains if upper airway obstruction facilitates reduced midfacial growth or vice-versa. Currently, there is no rodent model that recapitulates both the development of craniofacial abnormalities and upper airway obstruction to address these questions. Here, we describe that mice with a neural crest-specific deletion of Bmp7 (Bmp7ncko) present with shorter, more acute angled cranial base, midfacial hypoplasia, nasal septum deviation, turbinate swelling and branching defects, and nasal airway obstruction. Interestingly, several of these craniofacial features develop after birth during periods of rapid midfacial growth and precede the development of an upper airway obstruction. We identified that in this rodent model, no single feature appeared to predict upper airway obstruction, but the sum of those features resulted in a reduced breathing frequency, apneas and overall reduced oxygen consumption. Metabolomics analysis of serum from peripheral blood identified increased levels of hydroxyproline, a metabolite upregulated under hypoxic conditions. As this model recapitulates many features observed in OSA, it offers unique opportunities for studying how upper airway obstruction affects breathing physiology and leads to systemic morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranidhi Baddam
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vivian Biancardi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Equal contributions
| | - Daniela M Roth
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Equal contributions
| | - Farah Eaton
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Claudine Thereza-Bussolaro
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital dos Pinheiros, UNIFASIPE, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David S Wishart
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Amy Barr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joanna MacLean
- Department of Pediatrics and the Women & Children's Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta
- Stollery Children's Hospital; Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Silvia Pagliardini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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