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Chen Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang X, Wang X. Age-related morphometrics of normal adrenal glands based on deep learning-aided segmentation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16810. [PMID: 37346358 PMCID: PMC10279821 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the morphometrics of normal adrenal glands in adult patients semiautomatically using a deep learning-based segmentation model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 520 abdominal CT image series with normal findings, from January 1, 2016, to March 14, 2019, were retrospectively collected for the training of the adrenal segmentation model. Then, 1043 portal venous phase image series of inpatient contrast-enhanced abdominal CT examinations with normal adrenal glands were included for analysis and grouped by every 10-year gap. A 3D U-Net-based segmentation model was used to predict bilateral adrenal labels followed by manual modification of labels as appropriate. Quantitative parameters (volume, CT value, and diameters) of the bilateral adrenal glands were then analyzed. RESULTS In the study cohort aged 18-77 years old (554 males and 489 females), the left adrenal gland was significantly larger than the right adrenal gland [all patients, 2867.79 (2317.11-3499.89) mm3 vs. 2452.84 (1983.50-2935.18) mm3, P < 0.001]. Male patients showed a greater volume of bilateral adrenal glands than females in all age groups (all patients, left: 3237.83 ± 930.21 mm3 vs. 2646.49 ± 766.42 mm3, P < 0.001; right: 2731.69 ± 789.19 mm3 vs. 2266.18 ± 632.97 mm3, P = 0.001). Bilateral adrenal volume in male patients showed an increasing then decreasing trend as age increased that peaked at 38-47 years old (left: 3416.01 ± 886.21 mm3, right: 2855.04 ± 774.57 mm3). CONCLUSIONS The semiautomated measurement revealed that the adrenal volume differs as age increases. Male patients aged 38-47 years old have a peaked adrenal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jiejin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhang
- Beijing Smart-imaging Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Yumeng Sun
- Beijing Smart-imaging Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
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Barat M, Cottereau AS, Gaujoux S, Tenenbaum F, Sibony M, Bertherat J, Libé R, Gaillard M, Jouinot A, Assié G, Hoeffel C, Soyer P, Dohan A. Adrenal Mass Characterization in the Era of Quantitative Imaging: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030569. [PMID: 35158836 PMCID: PMC8833697 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-invasive characterization of adrenal lesions requires a rigorous approach. Although CT is the cornerstone of adrenal lesion characterization, a multimodality multiparametric imaging approach helps improve confidence in adrenal lesion characterization. Abstract Detection and characterization of adrenal lesions have evolved during the past two decades. Although the role of imaging in adrenal lesions associated with hormonal secretion is usually straightforward, characterization of non-functioning adrenal lesions may be challenging to confidently identify those that need to be resected. Although many adrenal lesions can be readily diagnosed when they display typical imaging features, the diagnosis may be challenging for atypical lesions. Computed tomography (CT) remains the cornerstone of adrenal imaging, but other morphological or functional modalities can be used in combination to reach a diagnosis and avoid useless biopsy or surgery. Early- and delayed-phase contrast-enhanced CT images are essential for diagnosing lipid-poor adenoma. Ongoing studies are evaluating the capabilities of dual-energy CT to provide valid virtual non-contrast attenuation and iodine density measurements from contrast-enhanced examinations. Adrenal lesions with attenuation values between 10 and 30 Hounsfield units (HU) on unenhanced CT can be characterized by MRI when iodinated contrast material injection cannot be performed. 18F-FDG PET/CT helps differentiate between atypical benign and malignant adrenal lesions, with the adrenal-to-liver maximum standardized uptake value ratio being the most discriminative variable. Recent studies evaluating the capabilities of radiomics and artificial intelligence have shown encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Barat
- Department of Radiology, Cochin Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (M.B.); (P.S.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
| | - Anne-Ségolène Cottereau
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Sébastien Gaujoux
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
- Department of Pancreatic and Endocrine Surgery, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Florence Tenenbaum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Mathilde Sibony
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Rossella Libé
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Martin Gaillard
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Anne Jouinot
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Assié
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Soyer
- Department of Radiology, Cochin Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (M.B.); (P.S.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
| | - Anthony Dohan
- Department of Radiology, Cochin Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (M.B.); (P.S.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.-S.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.); (J.B.); (R.L.); (M.G.); (A.J.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence:
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