1
|
Sun M, Yan W, Zhao Q, Ji B, Ban B, Zhang M. Association Between Serum Calcium and Phosphorus Levels and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Chinese Children and Adolescents with Short Stature. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1167-1173. [PMID: 33244257 PMCID: PMC7683825 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s276261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of serum calcium and phosphorus levels on the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in Chinese children and adolescents with short stature. Methods In this cross-sectional analysis, the clinical data of 747 children with height below –2 SD who were evaluated at the Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from March 1, 2013, to February 28, 2019, were selected. Anthropometric and biochemical indicators were measured. The relationship between the serum calcium and phosphorus levels and IGF-1 was analysed. Results The univariate analysis results showed that serum calcium or phosphorus was significantly associated with IGF-1 SDS. In addition, after adjusting for possible confounding factors, a linear relationship between serum calcium and IGF-1 SDS and a non-linear relationship between serum phosphorus and IGF-1 SDS were observed by smooth curve fitting. The results of the fully adjusted linear regression showed that serum calcium was positively associated with IGF-1 SDS (β 1.07, 95% CI 0.21, 1.92; p = 0.015). In the multivariate piecewise linear regression, when the serum phosphorus level was greater than 1.26 mmol/L, the IGF-1 SDS increased with the increase in serum phosphorus (β 1.92, 95% CI 1.36, 2.48; p < 0.001). However, we did not observe a significant relationship when the serum phosphorus level was less than 1.26 mmol/L (p = 0.223). Conclusion This study demonstrated that in Chinese children and adolescents with short stature, circulating calcium and phosphorus concentrations may be associated with the regulation of IGF-1 levels, and this relationship merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Jining, Shandong 272029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Jining, Shandong 272029, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolan Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Jining, Shandong 272029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Jining, Shandong 272029, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Jining, Shandong 272029, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weiskirchen S, Weiper K, Tolba RH, Weiskirchen R. All You Can Feed: Some Comments on Production of Mouse Diets Used in Biomedical Research with Special Emphasis on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010163. [PMID: 31936026 PMCID: PMC7019265 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The laboratory mouse is the most common used mammalian research model in biomedical research. Usually these animals are maintained in germ-free, gnotobiotic, or specific-pathogen-free facilities. In these facilities, skilled staff takes care of the animals and scientists usually don’t pay much attention about the formulation and quality of diets the animals receive during normal breeding and keeping. However, mice have specific nutritional requirements that must be met to guarantee their potential to grow, reproduce and to respond to pathogens or diverse environmental stress situations evoked by handling and experimental interventions. Nowadays, mouse diets for research purposes are commercially manufactured in an industrial process, in which the safety of food products is addressed through the analysis and control of all biological and chemical materials used for the different diet formulations. Similar to human food, mouse diets must be prepared under good sanitary conditions and truthfully labeled to provide information of all ingredients. This is mandatory to guarantee reproducibility of animal studies. In this review, we summarize some information on mice research diets and general aspects of mouse nutrition including nutrient requirements of mice, leading manufacturers of diets, origin of nutrient compounds, and processing of feedstuffs for mice including dietary coloring, autoclaving and irradiation. Furthermore, we provide some critical views on the potential pitfalls that might result from faulty comparisons of grain-based diets with purified diets in the research data production resulting from confounding nutritional factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.W.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Weiper
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.W.); (K.W.)
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - René H. Tolba
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.W.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)241-80-88683
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vassilakos G, Lei H, Yang Y, Puglise J, Matheny M, Durzynska J, Ozery M, Bennett K, Spradlin R, Bonanno H, Park S, Ahima RS, Barton ER. Deletion of muscle IGF-I transiently impairs growth and progressively disrupts glucose homeostasis in male mice. FASEB J 2018; 33:181-194. [PMID: 29932867 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800459r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for local skeletal muscle growth and organismal physiology, but these actions are entwined with glucose homeostasis through convergence with insulin signaling. The objective of this work was to determine whether the effects of IGF-I on growth and metabolism could be separated. We generated muscle-specific IGF-I-deficient (MID) mice that afford inducible deletion of Igf1 at any age. After Igf1 deletion at birth or in young adult mice, evaluations of muscle physiology and glucose homeostasis were performed up to 16 wk of age. MID mice generated at birth had lower muscle and circulating IGF-I, decreased muscle and body mass, and impaired muscle force production. Eight-wk-old male MID had heightened insulin levels with trends of elevated fasting glucose. This phenotype progressed to impaired glucose handling and increased fat deposition without significant muscle mass loss at 16 wk of age. The same phenotype emerged in 16-wk-old MID mice induced at 12 wk of age, compounded with heightened muscle fatigability and exercise intolerance. We assert that muscle IGF-I independently modulates anabolism and metabolism in an age-dependent manner, thus positioning muscle IGF-I maintenance to be critical for both muscle growth and metabolic homeostasis.-Vassilakos, G., Lei, H., Yang, Y., Puglise, J., Matheny, M., Durzynska, J., Ozery, M., Bennett, K., Spradlin, R., Bonanno, H., Park, S., Ahima, R. S., Barton, E. R. Deletion of muscle IGF-I transiently impairs growth and progressively disrupts glucose homeostasis in male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Vassilakos
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hanqin Lei
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yun Yang
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University-West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jason Puglise
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Matheny
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Julia Durzynska
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Matan Ozery
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine Bennett
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ray Spradlin
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Heather Bonanno
- Animal Care Services, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Soohyun Park
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|