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Chen CS, Cheng HM, Chen HJ, Tsai SY, Kao CH, Lin HJ, Wan L, Yang TY. Dry eye syndrome and the subsequent risk of chronic fatigue syndrome-a prospective population-based study in Taiwan. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30694-30703. [PMID: 30093979 PMCID: PMC6078132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The clinical association between dry eye syndrome (DES) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remain unclear with less evidences. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CFS and DES using a national insurance and prospective cohort study. Methods Data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 was applied to estimate the incidence of CFS among patients with DES, and their age- and sex-matched controls without DES over a long-term follow-up period. All participants were CFS free at baseline, before the interval (2005-2007), but were later diagnosed with CFS. DES patients and its relative matched controls were excluded prevalent CFS before the same interval. Results We identified 884 patients with DES and 3,536 matched controls in baseline and estimated the hazard ratios for incident CFS in the follow-up period. Patients with DES had a 2.08-fold considerably increasing risk of developing CFS, compared to non-DES group. An elevated risk of developing CFS remained (1.61-fold risk) even after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities. There was a presence of increasing risk in DES-related CFS when CFS-related comorbidities existing (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.98, 95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.29; p < 0.01). The subsequent risk for CFS between DES and non-DES patients was significant increased with three or more annual medical visits, the adjusted risk for CFS was 4.88-fold risk (95% CI, 2.26-10.58, p < 0.001). Conclusion We recommended that physicians should be aware of the increased risk of CFS among DES patients and adequately assess the health impacts among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sheng Chen
- Department of Chinese Traumatology, Division of Chinese Traumatology Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Man Cheng
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ju Chen
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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