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Kilpatrick M, Hutchinson A, Manias E, Bouchoucha SL. Applying terror management theory as a framework to understand the impact of heightened mortality salience on children, adolescents, and their parents: A systematic review. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 47:814-826. [PMID: 36240284 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2132550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Terror Management Theory (TMT) posits that controlling death anxiety is a driving force behind many aspects of social behavior. The objective in this systematic review was to explore how TMT is used to explain children's, adolescents', and parents' behavior when exposed to situations that increase mortality salience. A systematic search identified 2484 papers; 14 studies met eligibility criteria. Key topics explored were mortality salience, death thoughts, and distal defenses. Findings indicate that adolescents comprehend death and have mortality salience reactions like adults, highlighting the potential for TMT to be used to explain children's and adolescents' social behavior in high-stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mataya Kilpatrick
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University Geelong, Australia
| | - Ana Hutchinson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research. Epworth Healthcare Partnership, Deakin University Geelong, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Manias
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University Geelong, Australia
| | - Stéphane L Bouchoucha
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University Geelong, Australia
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a source of anxiety globally, and lockdowns have increased anxiety symptoms, contributed to economic stress, and influenced an increase in prejudice, particularly prejudice directed at the elderly and people with disabilities. Terror management theory serves as an explanation for the association between COVID-19 anxiety, ageism, and ableism. Recruiting participants from Amazon MTurk, I assessed anxiety about COVID-19, ageism, and ableism. Hierarchical linear regression analyses demonstrate that COVID-19 anxiety is significantly associated with ageism, and with ableism, as well as age and gender. The results of this study have implications for the effect of COVID-19 anxiety on those who are most vulnerable in the current pandemic, particularly with regards to isolation and social connection; those who are most anxious about the pandemic might spend less time trying to connect with their older friends and relatives, and likewise for the people in their lives who might have a disability.
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Alshahrani MS, Algashmari H. The moderating effect of financial stress and autism severity on development of depression among parents and caregivers of Autistic children in Taif, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1227-1233. [PMID: 34041156 PMCID: PMC8140263 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2203_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, little research explored the extent of anxiety and depressive disorders in parents of children with ASD. METHOD Descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of a sample of parents of children with ASD who attended Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Autistic Centre, Ministry of defense, Taif city. RESULTS The study included (n = 50) parents. The prevalence of mild depression was 30%, whereas the prevalence of moderately severe depression was 68%. Increased ASD severity level was associated with a significant impact on the PHQ-9 total score (level II was 1.293 times level I to have an increased PHQ-9 score, and level III was 1.530 times level I to have an increased PHQ-9 score). Economic status did not significantly alter depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ASD diagnosis in Saudi children is associated with high parental depressive prevalence. However, this result could be bidirectional. Stigma, future-related worry, and stress could mediate parental depressive symptoms. Our findings in Saudi parents of children with ASD corroborate the established association between parental depressive symptoms and ASD severity. Our results corroborated previous findings that neither parental gender nor child gender exert any substantial effect on predictability of depressive symptoms among parents of children with ASD. Comprehensive therapeutic packages for children with ASD should include treatment of emotional problems arising out of carer burden among their parents. Screening for parental emotional problems should be routine in autism treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasaan Algashmari
- Department of Family Medicine, Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
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Souza JMGD, Castelli GDM, Paz LPDS, Moraes AG, Silva MLD. Qualidade de Vida de cuidadores de praticantes de equoterapia no Distrito Federal. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-1104201811816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O cuidador oferece atendimento individualizado, e a qualidade de sua atuação influencia na Qualidade de Vida (QV) da pessoa com deficiência. A sobrecarga de trabalho ou a falta de orientação quanto à melhor forma de sua atuação pode influenciar negativamente em sua saúde. Este artigo teve como objetivo avaliar a QV dos cuidadores dos praticantes de centros de equoterapia do Distrito Federal. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal em oito centros de equoterapia do Distrito Federal vinculados a Ande-Brasil, utilizando como instrumento de avaliação o questionário WHOQOL-bref para avaliar a QV dos cuidadores dos praticantes de equoterapia. Foram estudados 389 cuidadores, dos quais 71,72% correspondem ao gênero feminino e 28, 27% correspondem ao gênero masculino. Na análise dos resultados dos questionários, o domínio Relações Sociais obteve maior satisfação com escore de 66,13; o domínio Psicológico obteve escore de 64,52; o domínio Ambiente obteve escore de 60,8; e o domínio Físico apresentou o menor escore, obtendo 56,46. A média dos escores obtidos foi de 61,89. Os resultados demonstraram que a tarefa de cuidador pode provocar alterações físicas e mentais de forma negativa, e isso pode influenciar na qualidade de atendimento e no bem-estar do praticante.
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Catalá-López F, Hutton B, Page MJ, Ridao M, Driver JA, Alonso-Arroyo A, Forés-Martos J, Macías Saint-Gerons D, Vieta E, Valencia A, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Risk of mortality among children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their first-degree relatives: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Syst Rev 2017; 6:189. [PMID: 28915839 PMCID: PMC5603059 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorders that may persist into adulthood. ASD and ADHD tend to run in families and may have a significant negative impact on the health and longevity of those with the disorder and their relatives. The aim of this study will be to analyze the risk of mortality among children, adolescents, and adults with ASD or ADHD and their first-degree relatives. METHODS/DESIGN We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science will be used to identify epidemiological studies. Eligible studies will be observational studies reporting study-specific data for all-cause mortality or cause-specific mortality in children, adolescents, or adults with ASD or ADHD and/or their first-degree relatives. Cohort studies and case-control studies will be included. The primary outcome will be all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome will be cause-specific mortality. Two reviewers will independently screen references identified by the literature search, as well as potentially relevant full-text articles. Data will be abstracted, and study risk of bias/methodological quality will be appraised by two reviewers independently. The methodological quality of epidemiological studies will be appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Conflicts at all levels of screening and abstraction will be resolved through discussion. Random-effects meta-analyses of primary studies will be conducted where appropriate. Subgroup analyses for exploring statistical heterogeneity, if feasible, will include gender, age group, ethnicity, comorbidities, classification of cause of death, and relevant study characteristics. DISCUSSION Our study will establish the extent of the epidemiological evidence underlying the risk of mortality among children, adolescents, and adults with ASD or ADHD and their first-degree relatives. We anticipate that our findings will be of interest to patients, their families, caregivers, healthcare professionals, scientists, and policy makers. Implications for future epidemiological research will be discussed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017059955 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud, Valencia, Spain. .,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventative Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J Page
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manuel Ridao
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salud Pública), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jane A Driver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad de Información e Investigación Social y Sanitaria-UISYS, University of Valencia-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaume Forés-Martos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Macías Saint-Gerons
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Agency, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Health Systems and Services, Pan American Health Organization, Unit of Medicines and Health Technologies, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain.,Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
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