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Morehouse E, Ingoldsby E, Newburg-Rinn S, Bertrand J, Usher K. Knowledge, Training, and Support Needs for Identification and Appropriate Care of Children with Prenatal Alcohol and Other Drug Exposures in the Child Welfare System. CHILD WELFARE 2023; 101:51-76. [PMID: 38415275 PMCID: PMC10896263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Increased awareness of the conditions associated with prenatal substance exposure may enhance care delivery among professionals working in child welfare. The ways in which prenatal substance exposure intersects with child welfare are critically important, yet prenatal substance exposure knowledge is uneven among these professionals. Also, caregivers may lack information that prepares them to care for children with prenatal substance exposure, particularly children with prenatal alcohol exposure. This study explores what professionals working in child welfare and caregivers know about prenatal substance exposure and prenatal alcohol exposure and their training and support needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon Newburg-Rinn
- Children's Bureau, Administration for Children and Families U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
| | - Jacquelyn Bertrand
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Ilchena C, Slayen C, Rennie S, Cheung K, Gaulke T, Theule J. Parenting stress and FASD: A scoping review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 137:104498. [PMID: 36990050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that may arise following prenatal exposure to alcohol. Children with FASD tend to experience a diverse set of physical, social, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms. Caregivers of these children likely experience elevated levels of parenting stress; however, research in this area is still in its infancy. AIM The present study sought to more fully understand the current state of the literature on parenting stress experienced by caregivers of children with FASD. METHOD Databases including PsycInfo, Scopus, PsycArticles, and Google Scholar were searched for records meeting our inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 15 studies were deemed eligible for this review. This literature suggests that caregivers of children with FASD experience heightened levels of parenting stress. Child factors, especially child behavior and executive functioning difficulties are associated with Child Domain stress, while parent factors are associated with Parent Domain stress. Gaps were identified in child and caregiver mental health issues, as well as placement information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Ilchena
- University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Cari Slayen
- University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Samantha Rennie
- University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Kristene Cheung
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, 1155 Notre Dame Avenue Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3G1
| | - Taryn Gaulke
- University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Jennifer Theule
- University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada.
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Oti-Boadi M, Osei-Tutu A, Mate-Kole CC. Challenges and support needs of parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) in Accra, Ghana. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 128:104274. [PMID: 35753167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) have diverse challenges and needs. If met, these parents are able to provide adequate care for their children. Unfulfilled needs like information about their child's diagnosis, counselling, and poor access to informal and formal supports increase parental stress and hinder their potential to provide optimal care for their children and themselves. AIMS This study explores the unique challenges and needs of parents caring for children with DD in the Accra metropolis. This is the first study exploring the needs of parents in a Lower-middle income (LMIC) country like Ghana. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A qualitative research design was adopted for this study. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews from 9 parents of children with DD. RESULTS Findings from thematic analysis revealed five themes including; Emotional needs; Informational needs; Financial needs; Informal Support, and Formalized Support. Parents indicated their great need for information on their children's condition, support from family, religious groups, and other formalized institutions and how to provide better care. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Parents have several expectations and needs which must be addressed. Findings have the potential of influencing the design and development of appropriate interventions to meet the needs and improve the quality of life of parents of children with DD in the Ghanaian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oti-Boadi
- Department of Psychology/Center for Ageing Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - A Osei-Tutu
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - C C Mate-Kole
- Department of Psychology/Center for Ageing Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
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Flannigan K, Pei J, McLachlan K, Harding K, Mela M, Cook J, Badry D, McFarlane A. Responding to the Unique Complexities of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychol 2022; 12:778471. [PMID: 35145454 PMCID: PMC8821085 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.778471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a multifaceted disability, characterized not only by brain- and body-based challenges, but also high rates of environmental adversity, lifelong difficulties with daily living, and distinct sociocultural considerations. FASD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disabilities in the Western world and associated with significant social and economic costs. It is important to understand the complexities of FASD and the ways in which FASD requires unique consideration in research, practice, and policy. In this article, we discuss our perspectives on factors that distinguish FASD from other disabilities in terms of complexity, co-occurrence, and magnitude. We provide an overview of select literature related to FASD as a socially rooted disability with intergenerational impacts and multiple layers of stigma. These social issues are intertwined with notable experiences of adversity across the lifespan and high rates of co-occurring health concerns for individuals with FASD, all of which present unique challenges for individuals, caregivers, families, service providers, and policy makers. Understanding these factors is the first step in developing and implementing specialized initiatives in support of positive outcomes for individuals with FASD and their families. Future directions are proposed for advancing research, practice, and policy, and responding to the unique complexities of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Flannigan
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Katherine Flannigan,
| | - Jacqueline Pei
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn McLachlan
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly Harding
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Mansfield Mela
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jocelynn Cook
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothy Badry
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Audrey McFarlane
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Assessing the needs of caregivers of children and adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Results from a survey among families and professionals in Germany. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 33:1-8. [PMID: 33971449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caring for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) puts a substantial and often life-long burden on affected families. Caregivers' specific needs and demands are, however, not well understood so far. We thus aimed at systematically collecting data on the needs of individuals caring for children and adolescents with FASD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between May 2019 and November 2020, a quantitative survey among caregivers and professionals from across Germany was performed. Participants completed a questionnaire collecting information on the perceived support caregivers receive from various sources as well as the current fulfilment of caregivers' needs. Specifically, the fulfilment of a variety of specific needs summarised in five categories was rated by the participants on a scale ranging from 1 (very good) to 6 (insufficient). RESULTS Both caregivers and professionals rated the overall fulfilment of needs rather poorly (mean: 3.94 and 4.27, respectively). Caregivers indicated needs concerning coordination of support (4.74) and relief services (4.44) to be fulfilled the least while needs in the relief services category also received the lowest average grade among professionals (4.57). The needs that the caregivers regarded as most sufficiently fulfilled were their own knowledge about FASD (mean: 1.95) and their knowledge about the causes of their child's problems (mean: 1.87). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that FASD caregivers are supported insufficiently, while most of their needs remain unmet. Health care planners and providers thus urgently need to identify and implement measures to better address FASD caregivers' needs and demands.
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Identification of Barriers to Self-Care Behaviors in Patients with Cerebral Palsy. PREVENTIVE CARE IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/pcnm.11.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Bullard L, Harvey D, Abbeduto L. Maternal Mental Health and Parenting Stress and Their Relationships to Characteristics of the Child With Fragile X Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:716585. [PMID: 34899411 PMCID: PMC8651564 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.716585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous research supports the notion that characteristics of both the child and the mother impact maternal well-being and parenting stress in mothers of children with FXS, more work is needed in which self-report measures are supplemented by physiological measures of stress and well-being. The inclusion of physiological measures, such as heart rate variability (HRV), may provide a window into the biological origins and consequences of maternal perceptions of their experiences, including the challenges of raising a child with developmental challenges. The proposed project, therefore, involved the collection of multimodal assessment data from mothers and their school-aged children with FXS. Further, given the importance of understanding how mothers of youth with FXS are faring in their everyday environment, the present study collected all data using telehealth procedures and wearable technology. Participants were 20 biological mothers and their children with FXS between the ages of 6 and 11 years. We measured maternal mental health and parenting stress through self-report as well as through HRV as a more objective measure of psychological well-being. We also examined the associations between these variables and child characteristics such as externalizing and internalizing behaviors as well as autism symptomatology. We found significant support for an elevated rate of depressive symptoms in the sample of mothers (35%) and some potential indicators for heightened rates of anxiety (15%) when compared to normed samples and rates in the general population. We also found that the mothers presented with an atypical HRV profile akin to those experiencing depression or chronic stress, although limitations of the present measure suggest the need for additional confirmatory research. Further, we found that child externalizing behaviors were the primary correlates of maternal well-being. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature regarding the unique challenges faced by these mother-child dyads and supports the importance of increasing the availability of services available to these mothers, not only for meeting the needs of their children's development and behavior, but in supporting their own well-being as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bullard
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Finlay-Jones A, Symons M, Tsang W, Mullan R, Jones H, McKenzie A, Reibel, Cannon L, Birda B, Reynolds N, Sargent P, Gailes H, Mayers D, Elliott EJ, Bower C. Community Priority setting for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research in Australia. Int J Popul Data Sci 2020; 5:1359. [PMID: 34036178 PMCID: PMC8130797 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v5i1.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). FASD research is a rapidly growing field that crosses multiple disciplines. To ensure research is relevant and meaningful for people living with FASD, their families, and the broader public there is a need to engage community members in setting priorities for research. Objectives Our primary objective was to formally identify the views of people living with FASD, their parents/caregivers, service providers, and the general community on the research priorities for FASD and alcohol use in pregnancy in Australia. Our secondary objective was to provide an overview of current research in the highest priority areas identified. Methods The approach for this study involved two community surveys and a consensus workshop, followed by a rapid literature review. Survey responses (n = 146) were collected and grouped using qualitative thematic analysis. The themes identified were then ranked in a second survey (n = 45). The 22 highest ranked themes were considered in a workshop with 21 community members, and consensus on the top ten priority areas was sought. The priority areas were grouped into conceptually similar topics and rapid literature reviews were undertaken on each. Results A diverse range of priorities was identified within key areas of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. On request from participants, separate priority lists were developed by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants. Conclusion There is need for a national network of researchers to take forward the research commenced by the Centre of Research Excellence, FASD Research Australia, in addressing community priorities. Key Words Community, priorities, FASD, rapid review, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Finlay-Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, NHMRC FASD Research Australia Centre of Research Excellence, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Symons
- Telethon Kids Institute, NHMRC FASD Research Australia Centre of Research Excellence, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - W Tsang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Mullan
- Telethon Kids Institute, NHMRC FASD Research Australia Centre of Research Excellence, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - H Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, NHMRC FASD Research Australia Centre of Research Excellence, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A McKenzie
- Faculty of Medicine and Health and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reibel
- Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L Cannon
- Telethon Kids Institute, NHMRC FASD Research Australia Centre of Research Excellence, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - E J Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Bower
- Telethon Kids Institute, NHMRC FASD Research Australia Centre of Research Excellence, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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