Syndrome de Lyell chez trois malades VIH (+) sous traitement antituberculeux

Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Drug Eruptions among Antiretroviral Therapy-Exposed HIV Infected People in Yaoundé, Cameroon

BACKGROUND

Prevalence and incidence of drug eruptions vary around the world and are influenced by some key factors including HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to find the peculiarities of drug eruptions in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

METHODS

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study including ART-taking PLHIV, aged 15+ years, followed up between January 2010 and December 2014 at the day-care unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, and who presented with drug eruptions after ART initiation.

RESULTS

Of 6,829 ART-experiencing PLHIV, 41 presented with drug eruptions, giving a prevalence of 0.6%. The M/F sex ratio equaled 0.17. The mean age was 41.07 ± 11.36 years. Benign drug eruptions accounted for 83.3%. Milder forms were essentially maculopapular exanthema (36.6%), fixed pigmented erythema (7.3%), and urticaria (4.9%). Severe forms were represented by multiform erythema (4.9%), toxic epidermal necrolysis (2.4%), and drug hypersensitivity syndrome (2.4%). The Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Efavirenz ART-protocol was received by 48.8% of patients and 69% of patients were receiving Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Zidovudine, and Cotrimoxazole were suspected as the potential causes in 43.7%, 4.8%, 2.4%, and 26.8% of cases, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Drug eruptions seem infrequent among ART-exposed HIV infected adult Cameroonians.

[Managing the adverse events of antitubercular agents]

Tuberculosis, an infectious disease which is curable by following a course of antibiotics, remains a major public health issue on a global scale. A therapeutic strategy has been standardised which calls for the use of four antibiotics. These are generally well-tolerated but, individually and in combination, frequently have undesirable effects. Isoniazid may cause hepatic toxicity and an also be an asue of peripheral neuropathy. Rifampin is a strong hepatic enzyme inducer and can be responsible for severe immunoallergic reactions in the case of interrupted treatment. Pyrazinamide sometimes results in severe hepatotoxicity. Ethambutol can be responsible for severe ocular toxicity. Both older antituberculous medications and new generation antibiotic medications used for the treatment of resistant bacilli can also be the source of adverse events. The treatment of tuberculosis is standardised but the decision to treat it is inseparable from the evaluation of possible side effects which require assessment prior to the initiation of therapy and close monitoring during treatment which includes ensuring that patients are aware of and vigilant for potential problems.This work describes the adverse events of different antibiotic medications so that, on an individual basis they can be anticipated and appropriately managed.