1
|
Rodon J, Te N, Ballester M, Segalés J, Vergara-Alert J, Bensaid A. Quantification of camelid cytokine mRNA expression in PBMCs by microfluidic qPCR technology. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:105061. [PMID: 37717710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Camelids are economically and socially important in several parts of the world and might carry pathogens with epizootic or zoonotic potential. However, biological research in these species is limited due to lack of reagents. Here, we developed RT-qPCR assays to quantify a panel of camelid innate and adaptive immune response genes, which can be monitored in a single run. The assays were validated with PHA, PMA-ionomycin, and Poly I:C-stimulated PBMCs from alpaca, dromedary camel and llama, including normalization by multiple reference genes. Further, comparative gene expression analyses for the different camelid species were performed by a unique microfluidic qPCR assay. Compared to unstimulated controls, PHA and PMA-ionomycin stimulation elicited robust Th1 and Th2 responses in PBMCs from camelid species. Additional activation of type I and type III IFN signalling pathways was described exclusively in PHA-stimulated dromedary lymphocytes, in contrast to those from alpaca and llama. We also found that PolyI:C stimulation induced robust antiviral response genes in alpaca PBMCs. The proposed methodology should be useful for the measurement of immune responses to infection or vaccination in camelid species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Rodon
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Nigeer Te
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Maria Ballester
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), 08140, Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Albert Bensaid
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li M, Yu Y, Yuan Y, Wang P, Hu X, Zhu C, Ke B. Rete Ridges in Eyelid Margin and Inflammatory Cytokines in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Associated with Dry Eye Symptom. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:202-209. [PMID: 32663037 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1788102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the morphology and function of rete ridges in eyelid margin and inflammatory cytokines in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) associated with dry eye symptom. METHODS A total of 63 subjects with OSDI score ≥13 were enrolled in MGD group and no-MGD group. Main measurements included tear cytokines levels and the rete ridges morphology. RESULTS Meibomian gland loss (MGL), corneal staining score (CSS), and IL-6 and TNF-α increased, meibomian gland secretion (MGS) decreased, the density of the rete ridges was lower, the longest diameters and shortest diameters of the rete ridges were longer in MGD group. The MGD group showed a negative correlation between MGL and BUT and MGS, but it showed a positive correlation with CSS. CSS was negatively correlated with IL-6. LLT was negatively correlated with IL-2 and IL-4. The shortest diameters of rete ridges in eyelid margin had a significant positive correlation with IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels. CONCLUSION Change of meibomian gland function and the rete ridges morphology might have some correlation with the injury to ocular surface. Some inflammatory cytokines were correlated with the change of the rete ridges morphology, which might in turn affect the ocular surface function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease , Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases , Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease , Shanghai, China
| | - Bilian Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases , Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Swami SK, Vijay A, Nagarajan G, Kaur R, Srivastava M. Molecular Characterization of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-8 in Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus). Anim Biotechnol 2016; 27:66-76. [PMID: 26849252 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2015.1088449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 are pro-inflammatory cytokines produced primarily by monocytes and macrophages in response to a variety of microbial and nonmicrobial agents. As yet, no molecular data have been reported for IL-1β and IL-8 of the Asian elephant. In the present study, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding IL-1β and IL-8 of the Asian elephant. The open reading frame (ORF) of Asian elephant IL-1β is 789 bp in length, encoded a propeptide of 263 amino acid polypeptide. The predicted protein revealed the presence of IL-1 family signature motif and an ICE cut site. Whereas, IL-8 contained 321 bp of open reading frame. Interestingly, the predicted protein sequence of 106 aa, contains an ELR motif immediately upstream of the CQC residues, common in all vertebrate IL-8 molecules. Identity levels of the nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences of Asian elephant IL-1β ranged from 68.48 (Squirrel monkey) to 98.57% (African elephant), and 57.78 (Sheep) to 98.47% (African elephant), respectively, whereas that of IL-8 ranged from 72.9% (Human) to 87.8% (African elephant), and 63.2 (human, gorilla, chimpanzee) to 74.5% (African elephant, buffalo), respectively. The phylogenetic analysis based on deduced amino acid sequenced showed that the Asian elephant IL-1β and IL-8 were most closely related to African elephant. Molecular characterization of these two cytokines, IL-1β and IL-8, in Asian elephant provides fundamental information necessary to progress the study of functional immune responses in this animal and gives the potential to use them to manipulate the immune response as recombinant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anushri Vijay
- a Singhania University , Jhunjhunu , Rajasthan , India
| | - Govindasamy Nagarajan
- b Southern Regional Research Center , Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute , Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, Dindigul District , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Ramneek Kaur
- c Department of Zoology , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Meera Srivastava
- d Post-Graduation Department of Zoology , Government Dungar College , Bikaner , Rajasthan , India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Premraj A, Nautiyal B, Aleyas AG, Rasool TJ. Identification of interleukin-26 in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius): Evidence of alternative splicing and isolation of novel splice variants. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:357-68. [PMID: 26190308 PMCID: PMC7112506 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-26 (IL-26) is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines. Though conserved across vertebrates, the IL-26 gene is functionally inactivated in a few mammals like rat, mouse and horse. We report here the identification, isolation and cloning of the cDNA of IL-26 from the dromedary camel. The camel cDNA contains a 516 bp open reading frame encoding a 171 amino acid precursor protein, including a 21 amino acid signal peptide. Sequence analysis revealed high similarity with other mammalian IL-26 homologs and the conservation of IL-10 cytokine family domain structure including key amino acid residues. We also report the identification and cloning of four novel transcript variants produced by alternative splicing at the Exon 3-Exon 4 regions of the gene. Three of the alternative splice variants had premature termination codons and are predicted to code for truncated proteins. The transcript variant 4 (Tv4) having an insertion of an extra 120 bp nucleotides in the ORF was predicted to encode a full length protein product with 40 extra amino acid residues. The mRNA transcripts of all the variants were identified in lymph node, where as fewer variants were observed in other tissues like blood, liver and kidney. The expression of Tv2 and Tv3 were found to be up regulated in mitogen induced camel peripheral blood mononuclear cells. IL-26-Tv2 expression was also induced in camel fibroblast cells infected with Camel pox virus in-vitro. The identification of the transcript variants of IL-26 from the dromedary camel is the first report of alternative splicing for IL-26 in a species in which the gene has not been inactivated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Premraj
- Camel Biotechnology Center, Management of Scientific Centers and the Presidential Camels, Department of the President's Affairs, P O Box 17292, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Binita Nautiyal
- Camel Biotechnology Center, Management of Scientific Centers and the Presidential Camels, Department of the President's Affairs, P O Box 17292, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abi G Aleyas
- Camel Biotechnology Center, Management of Scientific Centers and the Presidential Camels, Department of the President's Affairs, P O Box 17292, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thaha Jamal Rasool
- Camel Biotechnology Center, Management of Scientific Centers and the Presidential Camels, Department of the President's Affairs, P O Box 17292, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Characterisation and in silico analysis of interleukin-4 cDNA of nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:514145. [PMID: 24348167 PMCID: PMC3856167 DOI: 10.1155/2013/514145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced from Th2 cells modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. It is a common belief that wild animals possess better immunity against diseases than domestic and laboratory animals; however, the immune system of wild animals is not fully explored yet. Therefore, a comparative study was designed to explore the wildlife immunity through characterisation of IL-4 cDNA of nilgai, a wild ruminant, and Indian buffalo, a domestic ruminant. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of nilgai and Indian buffalo and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Respective cDNA was further cloned and sequenced. Sequences were analysed in silico and compared with their homologues available at GenBank. The deduced 135 amino acid protein of nilgai IL-4 is 95.6% similar to that of Indian buffalo. N-linked glycosylation sequence, leader sequence, Cysteine residues in the signal peptide region, and 3′ UTR of IL-4 were found to be conserved across species. Six nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions were found in Indian buffalo compared to nilgai amino acid sequence. Tertiary structure of this protein in both species was modeled, and it was found that this protein falls under 4-helical cytokines superfamily and short chain cytokine family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a single cluster of ruminants including both nilgai and Indian buffalo that was placed distinct from other nonruminant mammals.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tahmoorespur M, Jelokhani Niaraki S. Analysis of sequence variations of prion protein gene in dromedary camels in Iran. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.842481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Dahiya SS, Nagarajan G, Bharti VK, Swami SK, Mehta SC, Tuteja FC, Narnaware SD, Patil N. Sequence analysis of the Toll-like receptor 2 gene of old world camels. J Adv Res 2013; 5:695-704. [PMID: 25685538 PMCID: PMC4293908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene of old world camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) was cloned and sequenced. The TLR2 gene of the dromedary camel had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 66.8% and 59.6%, respectively. Similarly, the TLR2 gene of the Bactrian camel also had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 85.7% and 81.4%, respectively. Dromedary and Bactrian camels shared 77.9% nucleotide and 73.6% amino acid identity with each other. Interestingly, the amidation motif is present in camel (Dromedary and Bactrian) TLR2 only, and the TIR domain is absent in Dromedary camel TLR2. This is the first report of the TLR2 gene sequence of Dromedary and Bactrian camels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam S Dahiya
- National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 7, Jorbeer, Bikaner 334 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Govindasamy Nagarajan
- National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 7, Jorbeer, Bikaner 334 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay K Bharti
- DIHAR, DRDO, Ministry of Defence, C/O-56 APO, Leh, 901205, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Shelesh K Swami
- National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 7, Jorbeer, Bikaner 334 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sharat C Mehta
- National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 7, Jorbeer, Bikaner 334 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Fateh C Tuteja
- National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 7, Jorbeer, Bikaner 334 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shirish D Narnaware
- National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 7, Jorbeer, Bikaner 334 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - NitinV Patil
- National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 7, Jorbeer, Bikaner 334 001, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nagarajan G, Swami SK, Dahiya SS, Sivakumar G, Narnaware S, Tuteja F, Patil N. Comparison of virokine from camel pseudocowpoxvirus (PCPV) with Interleukin 10 of the Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Cytokine 2013; 61:356-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|