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Doan HTT, Nguyen KT, Do RT, Duc LM, Tiem PV, Le TH. Phylogenetic and sequence analysis of the co-circulating lineages in the canine distemper virus complexity from Northern Vietnam (2017-2023). Vet Res Commun 2025; 49:186. [PMID: 40310558 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-025-10750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
Morbillivirus canis, commonly known as Canine distemper virus (CDV), causes Canine distemper (CD) in carnivore species across the world and spreads via cross-species transmission between domestic and wildlife canids, non-canid carnivores, and omnivores. We report on the Asia-4 lineage of CDV previously documented in Thailand and China, which has emerged for the first time in northern Vietnam since 2017. The phylogenetic analysis of 121 complete nucleotide CDS (coding sequence) of the hemagglutinin (H) gene, including 20 from this study, and 101 reference strains from all 19 lineages of CDVs revealed that the Asia-4 lineage co-circulated with the Asia-1 in Vietnam. The evolutionary distances (ED) or genetic distances between the Vietnamese and typical Asia-4 strains was low, substantially distinguishing them from other lineages. The immunodominant epitopes, host-switching, and glycosylation sites in Asia-4 viruses have several site alterations, providing fair insights into the effectiveness of the America-1-based vaccine. In addition to Thailand, China, Russia, and Mongolia, the Asia-4 lineage has appeared in northern Vietnam. Whether via canine and pet or wild animal trade/border crossing trafficking to Vietnam, remains to be studied. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of CDV molecular epidemiology and the suitable application of lineage-antigenic matching vaccines, as well as the complicated co-circulation of multiple-lineage strains in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Thanh Doan
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biology (BT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khue Thi Nguyen
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biology (BT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Roan Thi Do
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biology (BT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Luu Minh Duc
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biology (BT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Tiem
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Tran Duy Hung Rd., Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biology (BT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Lanszki Z, Islam MS, Shikder MF, Sarder MJU, Khan SA, Chowdhury S, Islam MN, Tauber Z, Tóth GE, Jakab F, Kemenesi G, Akter S. Snapshot study of canine distemper virus in Bangladesh with on-site PCR detection and nanopore sequencing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9250. [PMID: 38649415 PMCID: PMC11035628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus that affects domestic and wild animals, causing severe illness with high mortality rates. Rapid monitoring and sequencing can provide valuable information about circulating CDV strains, which may foster effective vaccination strategies and the successful integration of these into conservation programs. During two site visits in Bangladesh in 2023, we tested a mobile, deployable genomic surveillance setup to explore the genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns of locally circulating CDV strains. We collected and analysed 355 oral swab samples from stray dogs in Rajshahi and Chattogram cities, Bangladesh. CDV-specific real-time RT-PCR was performed to screen the samples. Out of the 355 samples, 7.4% (10/135) from Rajshahi city and 0.9% (2/220) from Chattogram city tested positive for CDV. We applied a real-time RT-PCR assay and a pan-genotype CDV-specific amplicon-based Nanopore sequencing technology to obtain the near-completes. Five near-complete genome sequences were generated, with phylogenetic relation to the India-1/Asia-5 lineage previously identified in India. This is the first study to provide genomic data on CDV in Bangladesh and the first demonstration of a mobile laboratory setup as a powerful tool in rapid genomic surveillance and risk assessment for CDV in low resource regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Lanszki
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary.
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Md Shafeul Islam
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Foisal Shikder
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jalal Uddin Sarder
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shahneaz Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nurul Islam
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Zsófia Tauber
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Gábor Endre Tóth
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kemenesi
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Sazeda Akter
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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