Synthesis, growth, structural, spectroscopic and optical studies of a new semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal: L-valine hydrochloride

In-Depth Insight into a Passive Film through Hydrogen-Bonding Network in an Aqueous Zinc Battery

Electrochemical stability and interfacial reactions are crucial for rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries. Electrolyte engineering with low-cost aqueous electrolytes is highly required to stabilize their interfacial reactions. Herein, we propose a design strategy using glutamic additive and its derivatives with modification of hydrogen-bonding network to enable Zn aqueous battery at a low concentration (2 m ZnSO₄ + 1 m Li₂SO₄). Computational, in situ/ex situ spectroscopic, and electrochemical studies suggest that additives with moderate interactions, such as 0.1 mol % glutamic additive (G1), preferentially absorb on the Zn surface to homogenize Zn²⁺ plating and favorably interact with Zn²⁺ in bulk to weaken the interaction between H₂O and Zn²⁺. As a result, uniform deposition and stable electrochemical performance are realized. The Zn||Cu half-cell lasts for more than 200 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of >99.32% and the Zn||Zn symmetrical cells for 1400 h with a low and stable overpotential under a current density of 0.5 mA cm^-2, which is better than the reported results. Moreover, adding 0.1 mol % G1 to the Zn||LFP full cell improves its electrochemical performance with stable cycling and achieves a remarkable capacity of 147.25 mAh g^-1 with a CE of 99.79% after 200 cycles.

Synthesis, characterization, and thermal and computational investigations of the L-histidine bis(fluoride) crystal

Nonlinear optical materials have been investigated recently due to their potential technological applications in information storage and communications. In this context, semi-organic crystals can effectively combine the desired nonlinear optical properties of amino acids with the promising mechanical and thermal properties of inorganic materials. In this work, we have synthesized and characterized a semi-organic crystal of the amino acid l-histidine and hydrofluoric acid and investigated the chemical interactions between the organic and inorganic moieties. The crystal of l-histidine bis(fluoride) has been produced by slow solvent evaporation and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. The XRD conducted using the Rietveld method shows that the unit cell is orthorhombic with the P2₁2₁2 space group and contains four l-histidine bis(fluoride) units. Both differential thermal analysis and temperature-dependent XRD show that the crystals are thermally stable up to 191°C and do not undergo phase transition. The computational Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure reveals the main intermolecular interactions. Density functional theory has been employed to calculate the ionic interaction energy and electrostatic potential maps and confirm the spontaneity of ionic association at 191°C. The combined experimental and computational results show that the thermal stability of the semi-organic l-histidine bis(fluoride) crystal makes it suitable for nonlinear optical applications in optical sensing and communication systems.

Growth, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface, dielectric and mechanical properties of a new organic single crystal: ‘Bis glycine’ squarate

Crystal structure and morphology of the novel BGSQ single crystal with Hirshfeld surface and high transmission in UV-Vis region.

Growth and characterization of a new organic single crystal: 1-(4-Nitrophenyl) pyrrolidine (4NPY)

A new 1-(4-Nitrophenyl) pyrrolidine single crystal has grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The grown crystal have characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis, and it shows that 1-(4-Nitrophenyl) pyrrolidine crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, with cell parameters a=10.3270 (5)Å, b=9.9458 (6)Å, c=18.6934 (12)Å, and Z=8. Powder XRD pattern confirmed that grown crystal posses highly crystalline nature. The functional groups have identified by using FTIR spectral analysis. The absorbance and the luminescence spectra of the title compound have analyzed using UV-Visible and PL spectra. The thermo analytical properties of the crystal have studied using TG/DTA spectrum. The mechanical property of the grown crystal has determined using Vickers micro hardness measurement. The grown features of the crystal have analyzed using etching technique.

Synthesis, growth and characterization of a nonlinear optical crystal: Bis l-proline hydrogen nitrate

The single crystals of bis l-proline hydrogen nitrate (BLPHN) belonging to non-centrosymmetric space group were successfully grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique. The BLPHN crystals of size 10×7×3mm(3) were obtained in 35days. Initially, the solubility tests were carried out for two solvents such as deionized water and mixed of deionized water-acetone. Among the two solvents, the solubility of BLPHN was found to be the highest in deionized water, so crystallization of BLPHN was done from its aqueous solution. As grown, crystals were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and optical transmission spectral studies. Infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis measurements were performed to study the molecular vibration and thermal behavior of the grown BLPHN crystals. Nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of BLPHN crystal was studied by Kurtz and Perry powder method.

Growth and characterization of L-alanine cadmium bromide a semiorganic nonlinear optical crystals

A new semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal, l-alanine cadmium bromide (LACB) was grown from aqueous solution by slow solvent evaporation method at room temperature. As grown crystals were characterized for its spectral, thermal, linear and second order nonlinear optical properties. LACB crystallizes in orthorhombic system and unit cell parameters a=5.771(2)Å, b=6.014(4)Å, c=12.298(2)Å, α=β=γ=90° and volume=426.8(3)Å(3). The mode of vibrations of different molecular groups present in the crystal was identified by FTIR study. The grown crystals were found to be transparent in the entire visible region. The thermal strength and the decomposition of the grown crystals were studied using TG/DTA and DSC analysis. Dielectric measurement revealed that the crystals had very low dielectric constant at higher frequency in room temperature. The mechanical behavior was studied by Vicker's microhardness tester. The grown crystal has negative photoconductivity nature. The fluorescence spectrum of the crystal was recorded and its optical band gap is about 3.356 eV. The NLO property of crystal using modified Kurtz-Perry powder technique with Nd:YAG laser light of wavelength 1064nm indicated that their second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency was half that of pure KDP.

Electronic absorption and vibrational spectra and nonlinear optical properties of L-valinium succinate

FT-Raman and FTIR techniques have been applied to investigate the potential nonlinear optical material l-valinium succinate. A detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra was carried out with the aid of potential energy distribution analysis. Density functional theory is applied to explore the nonlinear optical properties of the molecule. Good consistency is found between the calculated results and the experimental data for IR and Raman spectra. The natural bond orbital analysis confirms the occurrence of strong intramolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding.