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Taniguchi M, LaRocca CA, Bernat JD, Lindsey JS. Digital Database of Absorption Spectra of Diverse Flavonoids Enables Structural Comparisons and Quantitative Evaluations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1087-1119. [PMID: 36848595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids play diverse roles in plants, comprise a non-negligible fraction of net primary photosynthetic production, and impart beneficial effects in human health from a plant-based diet. Absorption spectroscopy is an essential tool for quantitation of flavonoids isolated from complex plant extracts. The absorption spectra of flavonoids typically consist of two major bands, band I (300-380 nm) and band II (240-295 nm), where the former engenders a yellow color; in some flavonoids the absorption tails to 400-450 nm. The absorption spectra of 177 flavonoids and analogues of natural or synthetic origin have been assembled, including molar absorption coefficients (109 from the literature, 68 measured here). The spectral data are in digital form and can be viewed and accessed at http://www.photochemcad.com. The database enables comparison of the absorption spectral features of 12 distinct types of flavonoids including flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin, epigallocatechin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringin), 3-hydroxyflavanones (e.g., taxifolin, silybin), isoflavones (e.g., daidzein, genistein), flavones (e.g., diosmin, luteolin), and flavonols (e.g., fisetin, myricetin). The structural features that give rise to shifts in wavelength and intensity are delineated. The availability of digital absorption spectra for diverse flavonoids facilitates analysis and quantitation of these valuable plant secondary metabolites. Four examples are provided of calculations─multicomponent analysis, solar ultraviolet photoprotection, sun protection factor (SPF), and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)─for which the spectra and accompanying molar absorption coefficients are sine qua non.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Connor A LaRocca
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jake D Bernat
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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Liang Z, Liu L, Zhou Y, Liu W, Lu Y. Research Progress on Bioactive Metal Complexes against ER-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2235-2256. [PMID: 36780448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women and represents a serious disease that is harmful to life and health. In 1977, with the approval of tamoxifen, endocrine therapy has become the main clinical treatment for ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although patients initially respond well to endocrine therapies, drug resistance often emerges and side effects can be challenging. To overcome drug resistance, the exploration for new drugs is a priority. Metal complexes have demonstrated significant antitumor activities, and platinum complexes are widely used in the clinic against various cancers, including breast cancer. In this Perspective, the first section describes the classification and mechanism of endocrine therapy drugs for ER+ breast cancer, and the second section summarizes research since 2000 into metal complexes with activity toward ER+ breast cancer. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, challenges, and future directions for metal complexes in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Redesigning Nature: Ruthenium Flavonoid Complexes with Antitumour, Antimicrobial and Cardioprotective Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154544. [PMID: 34361697 PMCID: PMC8347471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of natural polyphenolic compounds sharing a common 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (flavan) backbone. Typically known for their antioxidant activity, flavonoids are also being investigated regarding antitumour and antimicrobial properties. In this review, we report on the complexation of both natural and synthetic flavonoids with ruthenium as a strategy to modulate the biological activity. The ruthenoflavonoid complexes are divided into three subclasses, according to their most prominent bioactivity: antitumour, antimicrobial, and protection of the cardiovascular system. Whenever possible the activity of the ruthenoflavonoids is compared with that of commercial drugs for a critical assessment of the feasibility of using them in future clinical applications.
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Małecka M, Skoczyńska A, Goodman DM, Hartinger CG, Budzisz E. Biological properties of ruthenium(II)/(III) complexes with flavonoids as ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chumak AY, Mudrak VO, Kotlyar VM, Doroshenko AO. 4’-Nitroflavonol fluorescence: Excited state intramolecular proton transfer reaction from the non-emissive excited state. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ashraf J, Mughal EU, Sadiq A, Bibi M, Naeem N, Ali A, Massadaq A, Fatima N, Javid A, Zafar MN, Khan BA, Nazar MF, Mumtaz A, Tahir MN, Mirzaei M. Exploring 3-hydroxyflavone scaffolds as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis, X-ray crystallography, antimicrobial, fluorescence behaviour, structure-activity relationship and molecular modelling studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:7107-7122. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1805364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshaid Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Anser Ali
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Anam Massadaq
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbotabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Javid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Amara Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Mughal EU, Sadiq A, Ayub M, Naeem N, Javid A, Sumrra SH, Zafar MN, Khan BA, Malik FP, Ahmed I. Exploring 3-Benzyloxyflavones as new lead cholinesterase inhibitors: synthesis, structure–activity relationship and molecular modelling simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6154-6167. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1803136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Momna Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Asif Javid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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A Novel Synthetic Compound (E)-5-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methyleneamino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile Inhibits TNFα-Induced MMP9 Expression via EGR-1 Downregulation in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145080. [PMID: 32708426 PMCID: PMC7404000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy among women worldwide. Gelatinases such as matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 play crucial roles in cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. To develop a novel platform compound, we synthesized a flavonoid derivative, (E)-5-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methyleneamino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (named DK4023) and characterized its inhibitory effects on the motility and MMP2 and MMP9 expression of highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We found that DK4023 inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced motility and F-actin formation of MDA-MB-231 cells. DK4023 also suppressed the TNFα-induced mRNA expression of MMP9 through the downregulation of the TNFα-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/early growth response 1 (EGR-1) signaling axis. These results suggest that DK4023 could serve as a potential platform compound for the development of novel chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agents against invasive breast cancer.
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Rationally Designed Ruthenium Complexes for Breast Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020265. [PMID: 31936496 PMCID: PMC7024301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the anticancer potential of ruthenium-based complexes, several species were reported as promising candidates for the treatment of breast cancer, which accounts for the greatest number of new cases in women every year worldwide. Among these ruthenium complexes, species containing bioactive ligand(s) have attracted increasing attention due to their potential multitargeting properties, leading to anticancer drug candidates with a broader range of cellular targets/modes of action. This review of the literature aims at providing an overview of the rationally designed ruthenium-based complexes that have been reported to date for which ligands were carefully selected for the treatment of hormone receptor positive breast cancers (estrogen receptor (ER+) or progesterone receptor (PR+)). In addition, this brief survey highlights some of the most successful examples of ruthenium complexes reported for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive type of cancer, regardless of if their ligands are known to have the ability to achieve a specific biological function.
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Metal complexes of flavonoids: their synthesis, characterization and enhanced antioxidant and anticancer activities. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2845-2867. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds of natural origin. They are extensively studied within drug discovery programs due to their wide ranging biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, neuroprotective and cardioprotective properties. The ability of flavonoids to coordinate with metal atoms has provided new leads for drug discovery programs, with better pharmacological activities and clinical profiles than the parent flavonoids. In this review, the enhanced antioxidant and anticancer activities of flavonoid metal complexes versus the parent flavonoids are discussed. Possible mechanisms of action for the metal complexes, such as DNA binding and apoptosis induction, are also presented alongside an overview of the synthesis of the metal complexes, and the different techniques used for their characterization.
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de Almeida PS, Pereira TM, Kummerle AE, Guedes GP, Silva H, de Oliveira LL, Neves AP. New Ru(II)–DMSO complexes containing coumarin-N-acylhydrazone hybrids: Synthesis, X-ray structures, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ruthenium(II) trithiacyclononane complexes of 7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone, chrysin and tectochrysin: Synthesis, characterisation, and cytotoxic evaluation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Singh AK, Saxena G, Singh RK, Kumari L, Sharma R, Singh SK, Sahabzada, Arshad M. Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Ruthenium Complexes of Flavonethiosemicarbazones as Antiproliferative and Mycobacterial Activities. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Ravindra K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Lovely Kumari
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Microbiology Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuran Extension; Lucknow 226 031 India
| | - Sudheer K. Singh
- Microbiology Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuran Extension; Lucknow 226 031 India
| | - Sahabzada
- Department of Zoology; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Mohamad Arshad
- Department of Zoology; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
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Pal M, Nandi U, Mukherjee D. Detailed account on activation mechanisms of ruthenium coordination complexes and their role as antineoplastic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:419-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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D'Sousa Costa CO, Araujo Neto JH, Baliza IRS, Dias RB, Valverde LDF, Vidal MTA, Sales CBS, Rocha CAG, Moreira DRM, Soares MBP, Batista AA, Bezerra DP. Novel piplartine-containing ruthenium complexes: synthesis, cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction and ROS production on HCT116 cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104367-104392. [PMID: 29262647 PMCID: PMC5732813 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Piplartine (piperlongumine) is a plant-derived molecule that has been receiving intense interest due to its anticancer characteristics that target the oxidative stress. In the present paper, two novel piplartine-containing ruthenium complexes [Ru(piplartine)(dppf)(bipy)](PF6)2 (1) and [Ru(piplartine)(dppb)(bipy)](PF6)2 (2) were synthesized and investigated for their cellular and molecular responses on cancer cell lines. We found that both complexes are more potent than metal-free piplartine in a panel of cancer cell lines on monolayer cultures, as well in 3D model of cancer multicellular spheroids formed from human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Mechanistic studies uncovered that the complexes reduced the cell growth and caused phosphatidylserine externalization, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation and loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential on HCT116 cells. Moreover, the pre-treatment with Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, reduced the complexes-induced apoptosis, indicating cell death by apoptosis through caspase-dependent and mitochondrial intrinsic pathways. Treatment with the complexes also caused a marked increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide, and decreased reduced glutathione levels. Application of N-acetyl-cysteine, an antioxidant, reduced the ROS levels and apoptosis induced by the complexes, indicating activation of ROS-mediated apoptosis pathway. RNA transcripts of several genes, including gene related to the cell cycle, apoptosis and oxidative stress, were regulated under treatment. However, the complexes failed to induce DNA intercalation. In conclusion, the complexes are more potent than piplartine against different cancer cell lines and are able to induce caspase-dependent and mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis on HCT116 cells by ROS-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinara O D'Sousa Costa
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - João H Araujo Neto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13561-901, Brazil
| | - Ingrid R S Baliza
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Ludmila de F Valverde
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Manuela T A Vidal
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Caroline B S Sales
- Department of Biomorphology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - Clarissa A G Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Diogo R M Moreira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Milena B P Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.,Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Bahia, 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13561-901, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
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