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Sajjad MA, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. A comparison of non-covalent interactions in the crystal structures of two σ-alkane complexes of Rh exhibiting contrasting stabilities in the solid state. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:222-240. [PMID: 37096331 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions surrounding the cationic Rh σ-alkane complexes within the crystal structures of [(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)Rh(NBA)][BArF4], [1-NBA][BArF4] (NBA = norbornane, C7H12; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3), and [1-propane][BArF4] are analysed using Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Independent Gradient Model approaches, the latter under a Hirshfeld partitioning scheme (IGMH). In both structures the cations reside in an octahedral array of [BArF4]- anions within which the [1-NBA]+ cation system exhibits a greater number of C-H⋯F contacts to the anions. QTAIM and IGMH analyses indicate these include the strongest individual atom-atom non-covalent interactions between the cation and the anion in these systems. The IGMH approach highlights the directionality of these C-H⋯F contacts that contrasts with the more diffuse C-H⋯π interactions. The accumulative effects of the latter lead to a more significant stabilizing contribution. IGMH %δGatom plots provide a particularly useful visual tool to identify key interactions and highlight the importance of a -{C3H6}- propylene moiety that is present within both the propane and NBA ligands (the latter as a truncated -{C3H4}- unit) and the cyclohexyl rings of the phosphine substituents. The potential for this to act as a privileged motif that confers stability on the crystal structures of σ-alkane complexes in the solid-state is discussed. The greater number of C-H⋯F inter-ion interactions in the [1-NBA][BArF4] system, coupled with more significant C-H⋯π interactions are all consistent with greater non-covalent stabilisation around the [1-NBA]+ cation. This is also supported by larger computed δGatom indices as a measure of cation-anion non-covalent interaction energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arif Sajjad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Ramasami P, Ford TA. Structural, vibrational and electronic properties of some tetrel-bonded complexes of the fluorinated methanes methyl fluoride, difluoromethane and fluoroform: an ab initio study. J Mol Model 2022; 28:294. [PMID: 36063225 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A search has been conducted, by means of ab initio molecular orbital theory, for potential tetrel-bonded complexes formed between the fluorinated methanes methyl fluoride, difluoromethane and fluoroform, and the related hydrides ammonia, water, hydrogen fluoride, phosphine, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen chloride. Eleven such complexes have been identified, six containing CH3F and five CH2F2. The complexes are typically less strongly bound than their hydrogen-bonded counterparts, and the interaction energies vary in a consistent way with the periodic trend of the electron donors. The intermolecular separations and changes of the relevant intramolecular bond lengths, the wavenumber shifts of the critical vibrational modes and the extents of charge transfer correlate, by and large, with the strengths of interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837, Mauritius.,Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Thomas A Ford
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Gopi R, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. The structure of benzonitrile-water complex as unveiled by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy: Is it linear or cyclic at low temperatures? J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chandra S, Suryaprasad B, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Dominance of unique Pπ phosphorus bonding with π donors: evidence using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and computational methodology. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20771-20791. [PMID: 32909555 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02880k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Albeit the first account of hypervalentπ interactions has been reported with halogenπ interactions, the feasibility of their extension to other hypervalent atoms as possible Lewis acids is still open. In this work, the role of phosphorus as an acceptor from the π electron cloud (Pπ pnicogen or phosphorus bonding) in PCl3-C2H2 and PCl3-C2H4 heterodimers is explored, by combining matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy with ab initio and DFT computational methodologies. The respective potential energy surfaces of the PCl3-C2H2 and PCl3-C2H4 heterodimers reveal unique minima stabilized by a concert of reasonably strong to weak interactions, of which Pπ phosphorus bonding was energetically dominant. Heterodimers, trimers and tetramers bound primarily by this unique phosphorus bond were generated at low temperatures. The dominance of phosphorus bonding in the PCl3-C2H2 and PCl3-C2H4 heterodimers over other interactions (such as Hπ, HCl, HP, Clπ and lone pair-π interactions) was confirmed and substantiated using extended quantum theory of atoms in molecules, natural bond orbital, electrostatic potential mapping and energy decomposition analyses. The following inferences in correlation with results from non-covalent-interaction analysis offer a complete understanding of the nature of the Pπ phosphorus bonding interactions. The significance of electrostatic forces kinetically favoring the formation of phosphorus bonded heterodimers, in addition to thermodynamic stabilization, is demonstrated experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Chandra
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Suryaprasad
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N Ramanathan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Sundararajan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Bhattacharya I, Sadhukhan J, Biswas S, Chakraborty T. Medium-Dependent Crossover from the Red to Blue Shift of the Donor’s Stretching Fundamental in the Binary Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes of CDCl3 with Ethers and Ketones. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7259-7270. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Bhattacharya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jayshree Sadhukhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. General Degree College, Singur, Hooghly 712409, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvick Biswas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapas Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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Sarkar S, Sruthi PK, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Strong proton-shared hydrogen bonding in a methyl imidazole⋯HCl complex: evidence from matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for proton-shared hydrogen bonding is provided in a methyl imidazole⋯HCl complex using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Sarkar
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam.603102
- India
| | - P. K. Sruthi
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam.603102
- India
| | - N. Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam.603102
- India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam.603102
- India
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Tang S, Du L. Effects of methylation in acceptors on the hydrogen bond complexes between 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and cyclic ethers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 217:237-246. [PMID: 30947132 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of methylation on the stability and spectral shift of hydrogen bond complexes, the complexes of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) with propylene oxide (PO) and isobutylene oxide (IBO) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ab initio computations. The comparable OH-stretching red shifts were observed upon complexation, and an enhancement of the OH-stretching band is shown with the partial pressure of monomers increasing. The OH-stretching frequency of TFE is red shifted by 180 and 201 cm-1 with PO and IBO, respectively. By using quantum chemical calculations, we predicted the geometric parameters, binding energies, and spectral shifts of TFEPO/IBO hydrogen bond complexes. The calculated and observed spectral shifts follow the same trends. Compared with the TFEethylene oxide (EO) complex, the strength of the hydrogen bond in complex increases with the addition of methyl group, which likely results from the increase in basicity of the hydrogen bond acceptor. By combining the experimental integrated absorbance and the calculated IR intensity of the OH-stretching vibrational transition, the equilibrium constant for the complex formation was determined. In addition, atoms-in-molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses were carried out to explain the red shift and the nature of the interaction in these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Tang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Trung NT, Khanh PN, Carvalho AJP, Nguyen MT. Remarkable shifts of C sp2 -H and O-H stretching frequencies and stability of complexes of formic acid with formaldehydes and thioformaldehydes. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1387-1400. [PMID: 30715728 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-six stable complexes of formic acid with formaldehydes and thioformaldehydes were determined on the potential energy surface, in which the XCHO···HCOOH complexes are found to be more stable than the XCHS···HCOOH counterparts, with X = H, F, Cl, Br, CH3 , NH2 . All complexes are stabilized by hydrogen bonds, and their contribution to the total stabilization energy of the complexes increases in going from C-H···S to C-H···O to O-H···S and finally to O-H···O. Remarkably, a significant blueshift of Csp2 -H bond by 81-96 cm-1 in the Csp2 -H···O hydrogen bond has hardly ever been reported, and a considerable redshift of O-H stretching frequency by 206-544 cm-1 in the O-H···O/S hydrogen bonds is also predicted. The obtained results in our present work and previous literatures support that a distance contraction and a stretching frequency blueshift of C-H bond involving hydrogen bond depend mainly on its polarity and gas phase basicity of proton acceptor, besides the rearrangement of electron density due to complex formation. Markedly, we suggest the ratio of deprotonation enthalpy to proton affinity (R c ) as an indicator to prospect for classification of hydrogen bonds. The symmetry adapted perturbation theory results show a larger role of attractive electrostatic term in XO-n as compared to that in XS-n and the electrostatic interaction is overwhelming dispersion or induction counterparts in stabilizing XO-n and XS-n, with n = 1, 2, 3. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tien Trung
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling, and Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - Pham Ngoc Khanh
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling, and Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - Alfredo J Palace Carvalho
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Technology, and Évora Chemistry Center, IIFA, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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An insight into intramolecular blue-shifting C H⋯π hydrogen bonds in 1,3-hexadien-5-yne and its halogen-substituted derivatives. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Ramasami P, Ford TA. An ab initio study of some binary complexes containing methyl fluoride and difluoromethane: red-shifting and blue-shifting hydrogen bonds. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1445307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas A. Ford
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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12
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Behera B, Das PK. Blue- and Red-Shifting Hydrogen Bonding: A Gas Phase FTIR and Ab Initio Study of RR'CO···DCCl 3 and RR'S···DCCl 3 Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4481-4489. [PMID: 29683668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blue-shifting H-bonded (C-D···O) complexes between CDCl3 and CH3HCO, (CH3)2CO, and C2H5(CH3)CO, and red-shifting H-bonded (C-D···S) complexes between CDCl3 with (CH3)2S and (C2H5)2S have been identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the gas phase at room temperature. With increasing partial pressure of the components, a new band appears in the C-D stretching region of the vibrational spectra. The intensity of this band decreases with an increase in temperature at constant pressure, which provides the basis for identification of the H-bonded bands in the spectrum. The C-D stretching frequency of CDCl3 is blue-shifted by +7.1, +4, and +3.2 cm-1 upon complexation with CH3HCO, (CH3)2CO, and C2H5(CH3)CO, respectively, and red-shifted by -14 and -19.2 cm-1 upon complexation with (CH3)2S and (C2H5)2S, respectively. By using quantum chemical calculations at the MP2/6-311++G** level, we predict the geometry, electronic structural parameters, binding energy, and spectral shift of H-bonded complexes between CDCl3 and two series of compounds named RCOR' (H2CO, CH3HCO, (CH3)2CO, and C2H5(CH3)CO) and RSR' (H2S, CH3HS, (CH3)2S, and (C2H5)2S) series. The calculated and observed spectral shifts follow the same trends. With an increase in basicity of the H-bond acceptor, the C-D bond length increases, force constant decreases, and the frequency shifts to the red from the blue. The potential energy scans of the above complexes are done, which show that electrostatic attraction between electropositive D and electron-rich O/S causes bond elongation and red shift, and the electronic and nuclear repulsions lead to bond contraction and blue shifts. The dominance of the two opposing forces at the equilibrium geometry of the complex determines the nature of the shift, which changes both in magnitude and in direction with the basicity of the hydrogen-bond acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Behera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Puspendu K Das
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
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