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Ma Y, Chen R, Zhang R, Liang J, Ren S, Gao Z. Application of DNA-fueled molecular machines in food safety testing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:1-22. [PMID: 38284608 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Food is consumed by humans, which is indispensable to human life. Therefore, considerable attention of the whole society has been paid to food safety. Over the last few years, dramatic social development has brought new challenges to food safety, making developing new and quick methods for on-site food safety testing an important necessity. As a result, DNA-fueled molecular machines, characterized by high efficiency, accuracy, and sensitivity in testing, have come into the spotlight, based on which sensors can be constructed to detect toxic and harmful substances in food products. This study reviewed recent research on several DNA-fueled molecular machines, including DNA tweezers, DNA walkers, and DNA origami, for rapidly detecting toxic and harmful substances. Based on the above studies, the sensitivity and timeliness of several DNA molecular machines were summarized and compared, and the development prospect of DNA fuel molecular machines in the field of food safety detection was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruipeng Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyue Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wang H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhou S. A nicking enzyme-assisted allosteric strategy for self-resetting DNA switching circuits. Analyst 2023; 149:169-179. [PMID: 37999719 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01677c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The self-regulation of biochemical reaction networks is crucial for maintaining balance, stability, and adaptability within biological systems. DNA switching circuits, serving as basic units, play essential roles in regulating pathways, facilitating signal transduction, and processing biochemical reaction networks. However, the non-reusability of DNA switching circuits hinders its application in current complex information processing. Herein, we proposed a nicking enzyme-assisted allosteric strategy for constructing self-resetting DNA switching circuits to realize complex information processing. This strategy utilizes the unique cleavage ability of the nicking enzyme to achieve the automatic restoration of states. Based on this strategy, we implemented a self-resetting DNA switch. By leveraging the reusability of the DNA switch, we constructed a DNA switching circuit with selective activation characteristics and further extended its functionality to include fan-out and fan-in processes by expanding the number of functional modules and connection modes. Furthermore, we demonstrated the complex information processing capabilities of these switching circuits by integrating recognition, translation, and decision functional modules, which could analyze and transmit multiple input signals and realize parallel logic operations. This strategy simplifies the design of switching circuits and promotes the future development of biosensing, molecular computing, and nanomachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Software Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Shihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Software Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
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3
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A DNA tweezers fluorescence aptasensor based on split aptamer -assisted magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of enrofloxacin in food. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sun Y, Leng R, Ma X, Zhang J, Han B, Zhao G, Ai Y, Hu B, Ji Z, Wang X. Economical amidoxime-functionalized non-porous β-cyclodextrin polymer for selective detection and extraction of uranium. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2023; 459:141687. [DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.141687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
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Kaur A, Mahmoud R, Megalathan A, Pettit S, Dhakal S. Multiplexed smFRET Nucleic Acid Sensing Using DNA Nanotweezers. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:119. [PMID: 36671954 PMCID: PMC9856376 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The multiplexed detection of disease biomarkers is part of an ongoing effort toward improving the quality of diagnostic testing, reducing the cost of analysis, and accelerating the treatment processes. Although significant efforts have been made to develop more sensitive and rapid multiplexed screening methods, such as microarrays and electrochemical sensors, their limitations include their intricate sensing designs and semi-quantitative detection capabilities. Alternatively, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based single-molecule counting offers great potential for both the sensitive and quantitative detection of various biomarkers. However, current FRET-based multiplexed sensing typically requires the use of multiple excitation sources and/or FRET pairs, which complicates labeling schemes and the post-analysis of data. We present a nanotweezer (NT)-based sensing strategy that employs a single FRET pair and is capable of detecting multiple targets. Using DNA mimics of miRNA biomarkers specific to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we demonstrated that the developed sensors are sensitive down to the low picomolar range (≤10 pM) and can discriminate between targets with a single-base mismatch. These simple hybridization-based sensors hold great promise for the sensitive detection of a wider spectrum of nucleic acid biomarkers.
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Wang B, Wang M, Peng F, Fu X, Wen M, Shi Y, Chen M, Ke G, Zhang XB. Construction and Application of DNAzyme-based Nanodevices. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023; 39:42-60. [PMID: 36687211 PMCID: PMC9841151 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of stimuli-responsive nanodevices with high efficiency and specificity is very important in biosensing, drug delivery, and so on. DNAzymes are a class of DNA molecules with the specific catalytic activity. Owing to their unique catalytic activity and easy design and synthesis, the construction and application of DNAzymes-based nanodevices have attracted much attention in recent years. In this review, the classification and properties of DNAzyme are first introduced. The construction of several common kinds of DNAzyme-based nanodevices, such as DNA motors, signal amplifiers, and logic gates, is then systematically summarized. We also introduce the application of DNAzyme-based nanodevices in sensing and therapeutic fields. In addition, current limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| | - Menghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| | - Fangqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022 P. R. China
| | - Mei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| | - Mei Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
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Bai Y, Xu L, Chai H, Zhou L, Jiang G, Zhang G. Recent Advances on DNAzyme-Based Biosensors for Detection of Uranyl. Front Chem 2022; 10:882250. [PMID: 35572119 PMCID: PMC9091443 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.882250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear facilities are widely used in fields such as national defense, industry, scientific research, and medicine, which play a huge role in military and civilian use. However, in the process of widespread application of nuclear technology, uranium and its compounds with high carcinogenic and biologically toxic cause a lot of environmental problems, such as pollutions of water, atmosphere, soil, or ecosystem. Bioensors with sensitivity and specificity for the detection of uranium are highly demand. Nucleic acid enzymes (DNAzyme) with merits of high sensitivity and selectivity for targets as excellent molecular recognition elements are commonly used for uranium sensor development. In this perspective review, we summarize DNAzyme-based biosensors for the quantitative detection of uranyl ions by integrating with diverse signal outputting strategies, such as fluorescent, colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and electrochemistry. Different design methods, limit of detection, and practical applications are fully discussed. Finally, the challenges, potential solutions, and future prospects of such DNAzyme-based sensors are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Bai
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Lechang Xu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lechang Xu, ; Guangyao Zhang,
| | - Huining Chai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Guoping Jiang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyao Zhang
- Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lechang Xu, ; Guangyao Zhang,
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Recent advances in the construction of functional nucleic acids with isothermal amplification for heavy metal ions sensor. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liu S, Xiang K, Wang C, Zhang Y, Fan GC, Wang W, Han H. DNA Nanotweezers for Biosensing Applications: Recent Advances and Future Prospects. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3-20. [PMID: 34989231 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotweezers (DTs) are reversible DNA nanodevices that can optionally switch between opened and closed states. Due to their excellent flexibility and high programmability, they have been recognized as a promising platform for constructing a diversity of biosensors and logic gates, as well as a versatile tool for molecular biology studies. In this review, we provide an overview of biosensing applications using DTs. First, the design and working principle of DTs are introduced. Next, the signal producing principles of DTs are summarized. Furthermore, biosensing applications of DTs for varying targets and purposes, both in buffers and complex biological environments, are highlighted. Finally, we provide potential opportunities and challenges for the further development of DTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gao-Chao Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heyou Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Dual-signal amplification electrochemical sensing for the sensitive detection of uranyl ion based on gold nanoparticles and hybridization chain reaction-assisted synthesis of silver nanoclusters. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1184:338986. [PMID: 34625249 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a dual-signal amplification electrochemical sensing has been proposed for the ultrasensitive detection of uranyl ions (UO22+) by integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-assisted synthesis of silver nanoclusters (AgNCs). In this sensing platform, AuNPs are used as an ideal signal amplification carrier, aiming at increasing the loads of UO22+-specific DNAzyme on the gold electrode. In the presence of UO22+, UO22+-specific DNAzyme can be activated, leading to the cleavage of substrate strands (S-DNA). Then, HCR is triggered to produce long dsDNA through hybridization the probe with the ssDNA on the electrode surface. As a result, an amplified electrochemical response can be detected by inserting a large amount of AgNCs generated in situ using dsDNA as template. Featured with amplification efficiency, good specificity and high sensitivity, the strategy could quantitatively detect UO22+ down to 6.2 pM with a linear calibration range from 20 pM to 5000 pM. The proposed sensing platform has been also successfully demonstrated the practical application of detecting UO22+, indicating that the developed method has the potential applications and can open up a new avenue for highly sensitive detection of UO22+ in environmental monitoring.
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12
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Hu C, Li P, Wu Z, Fan F, Qian D, Yi Y, Yang S, Xiao F. A novel liquid crystal sensing platform for highly selective UO 22+ detection based on a UO 22+-specific DNAzyme. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4732-4738. [PMID: 34553714 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A label-free and selective sensor was established for uranyl ion (UO22+) detection based on a UO22+-dependent DNAzyme and liquid crystals (LCs). In the presence of UO22+, the substrate chains can be cleaved at the rA site by the DNAzyme strands. The cleaved products released from the DNAzyme strand will hybridize with the capture probes that are fixed on the LC sensing substrate to form double strands. The formation of double strands would disturb the original orientation and induce the rearrangement of liquid crystal molecules, resulting in the polarization images changing from uniform black to bright. Attributed to the specificity of the DNAzyme and the optical signal of the LC, a highly selective and label-free method was established with a detection limit of 25 nM. This approach showed satisfactory analytical performance and offered an inspiring platform for detecting other radioactive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Hu
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfei Fan
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Duo Qian
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxin Yi
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengyuan Yang
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fubing Xiao
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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Yun W, Zhu H, Wu H, Zhuo L, Wang R, Ha X, Wang X, Zhang J, Chen H, Yang L. A "turn-on" and proximity ligation assay dependent DNA tweezer for one-step amplified fluorescent detection of DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 249:119292. [PMID: 33348097 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A "turn-on" and proximity ligation assay dependent DNA tweezer was proposed for one-step amplified fluorescent detection of DNA. Target DNA can anneal with capture probe to form an entire long sequence. The formed long sequence can circularly open the hairpin, resulting the "turn-on" of DNA tweezers. A good linear relationship was shown from 40 pM to 20 nM with limit of detection of 10 pM. In addition, it has been successfully utilized to analysis DNA in human serum, representing a great and practical application future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Hanhong Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Lin Zhuo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xia Ha
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xingmin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, 803 Zhongshan North 1st Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Lizhu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Xiong Z, Wang Q, Xie Y, Li N, Yun W, Yang L. Simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in food samples by dual DNA tweezers nanomachine. Food Chem 2020; 338:128122. [PMID: 33091999 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
a dual DNA tweezers nanomachine was developed for one-step simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in food samples. The dual DNA tweezers are locked by the aptamers of mycotoxins, resulting the "turn off" of fluorescent signal. In the presence of AFB1 and OTA, the aptamers can bind with their corresponding targets, resulting the "open" of DNA tweezers and the "turn on" of the fluorescent signals. The limits of detections were 3.5 × 10-2 ppb for AFB1 and 0.1 ppb for OTA. Moreover, the applicability of the method was further demonstrated by conducting a limited survey on 5 samples collected from various sources. The recoveries of this method change from 90.0% to 110.0% for simultaneous detection of AFB1 or OTA and the RSDs vary from 4.1% to 9.2%. Detection uncertainties were within 5% (with a 95% confidence level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Xiong
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center of Lipid Resources and Children's Daily Chemicals, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Department of Food and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Woosuk University, Samnye-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk Province 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center of Lipid Resources and Children's Daily Chemicals, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yuejie Xie
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center of Lipid Resources and Children's Daily Chemicals, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Ning Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Wen Yun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Lizhu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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