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Su L, Xian J, Fu S, Zhu Y, Cao H, Feng Z, Tian Y, Tian X. Nanoscopic evaluation on mitochondrial ultrastructures by regulating reactive oxygen species productivity within terpyridyl Zn(II) complexes with different alkyl chain lengths. NANOSCALE 2022; 15:350-355. [PMID: 36504372 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria targeting complexes are widely utilized as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. However, the mechanisms by which they regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at the molecular level and their influence on intracellular mitochondrial signaling and ultrastructures remain rarely studied. Herein, we present two terpyridyl Zn(II) complexes with different side alkyl chain lengths (Zn-2C and Zn-6C) that lead to low and high ROS productivities in vitro, respectively. Both complexes could enter live cells effectively with minimal dark toxicity and accumulate preferably in the mitochondria. We also demonstrated that Zn-6C, with more efficient ROS productivity, could significantly downregulate the caspase signaling pathway but showed no evident influence on mitochondrial membrane proteins. We also highlighted and compared the mitochondrial ultrastructural variations during such a process by stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution nanoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Su
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jinghong Xian
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiqin Fu
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Hefei 230039, China
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Zhou J, Qi F, Chen Y, Zhang S, Zheng X, He W, Guo Z. Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy: From Organelle Targeting to Tumor Targeting. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1027. [PMID: 36421144 PMCID: PMC9688568 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted much attention in the field of anticancer treatment. However, PDT has to face challenges, such as aggregation caused by quenching of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and short 1O2 lifetime, which lead to unsatisfactory therapeutic effect. Aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgens)-based photosensitizers (PSs) showed enhanced ROS generation upon aggregation, which showed great potential for hypoxic tumor treatment with enhanced PDT effect. In this review, we summarized the design strategies and applications of AIEgen-based PSs with improved PDT efficacy since 2019. Firstly, we introduce the research background and some basic knowledge in the related field. Secondly, the recent approaches of AIEgen-based PSs for enhanced PDT are summarized in two categories: (1) organelle-targeting PSs that could cause direct damage to organelles to enhance PDT effects, and (2) PSs with tumor-targeting abilities to selectively suppress tumor growth and reduce side effects. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities are discussed. We hope this review can offer new insights and inspirations for the development of AIEgen-based PSs for better PDT effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Shuren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Nanjing 210000, China
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Wu J, Dai J, Zhao Y, Li J, Ju M, Zhang X, Shen B. Sensitive Detection of Protamine Based on a Yellow Emission Fluorophore. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University No.1, Wenyuan road China
| | - Jianan Dai
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University No.1, Wenyuan road China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 United States
| | - Jingmin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University No.1, Wenyuan road China
| | - Minzi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University No.1, Wenyuan road China
| | - Baoxing Shen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University No.1, Wenyuan road China
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