Chemiluminescence determination of vancomycin by using NiS nanoparticles-luminol-O2 system

Rapid and sensitive determination of vancomycin using an AIE-active fluorescent probe for clinical monitoring

Vancomycin (Van) is the preferred drug for clinically treating severe infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, due to safety concerns, strict management and administration of Van are required in clinical practice. Hence, there is a need to develop a rapid and accurate method for determining the concentration of Van. In this study, a cyanostilbene-based fluorescent probe, Cy-KAA, is designed for the rapid, highly sensitive and selective detection of Van. In the probe, the L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala polypeptide moiety can interact with Van, resulting in a rapid fluorescence response that reaches a plateau within 2 minutes. Cy-KAA can be employed for the detection of Van in clinical ICU samples, demonstrating a strong correlation with the traditional HPLC method (consistency up to 0.99). These findings highlight the high accuracy and potential utility of Cy-KAA as a powerful tool for real-time monitoring of Van levels in clinical practice, thereby providing valuable guidance for precise drug administration.

FeS2 nanosheets-luminol-O2 chemiluminescence method for determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride, imipramine hydrochloride, and cefazolin sodium

This study introduces a novel chemiluminescence (CL) approach utilizing FeS2 nanosheets (NSs) catalyzed luminol-O2 CL reaction for the measurement of three pharmaceuticals, namely venlafaxine hydrochloride (VFX), imipramine hydrochloride (IPM), and cefazolin sodium (CEF). The CL method involved the phenomenon of quenching induced by the pharmaceuticals in the CL reaction. To achieve the most quenching efficacy of the pharmaceuticals in the CL reaction, the concentrations of reactants comprising luminol, NaOH, and FeS2 NSs were optimized accordingly. The calibration curves demonstrated exceptional linearity within the concentration range spanning from 4.00 × 10-7 to 1.00 × 10-3 mol L-1, 1.00 × 10-7 to 1.00 × 10-4 mol L-1, and 4.00 × 10-6 to 2.00 × 10-4 mol L-1 with detection limits (3σ) of 3.54 × 10-7, 1.08 × 10-8, and 2.63 × 10-6 mol L-1 for VFX, IPM, and CEF, respectively. This study synthesized FeS2 NSs using a facile hydrothermal approach, and then the synthesized FeS2 NSs were subjected to a comprehensive characterization using a range of spectroscopic methods. The proposed CL method was effective in measuring the aforementioned pharmaceuticals in pharmaceutical formulations as well as different water samples. The mechanism of the CL system has been elucidated.