1
|
Lee HY, Cho DY, Kim DH, Park JH, Jeong JB, Jeon SH, Lee JH, Ko EJ, Cho KM, Lee JH. Examining the Alterations in Metabolite Constituents and Antioxidant Properties in Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng ( Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Organs during a Two-Month Maturation Period. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:612. [PMID: 38790717 PMCID: PMC11117551 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The current research was the first to prove the existence of fluctuations in the metabolite constituents and antioxidant properties in different organs (leaves, stems, and roots) of the mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) plant during a two-month maturation period. Four metabolites, including fatty acids, amino acids, ginsenosides, and phenolic phytochemicals, exhibited considerable differences in organs and maturation times with the following order: leaves > stems > roots. The predominant metabolite contents were found in leaves, with fatty acid (1057.9 mg/100 g) on 31 May, amino acid (1989.2 mg/100 g) on 13 July, ginsenosides (88.7 mg/g) on 31 May, and phenolic phytochemical (638.3 μg/g) on 31 May. Interestingly, ginsenoside content in leaves were highest, with 84.8 → 88.7 → 82.2 → 78.3 mg/g. Specifically, ginsenosides Re, Rd, and F2 showed abundant content ranging from 19.1 to 16.9 mg/g, 8.5 to 14.8 mg/g, and 9.5 to 13.1 mg/g, respectively. Phenolic phytochemicals exhibited remarkable differences in organs compared to maturation periods, with the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content recorded at 9.48 GAE and 1.30 RE mg/g in leaves on 31 May. The antioxidant capacities on radical, FRAP, and DNA protection differed significantly, with leaves on 31 May exhibiting the highest values: 88.4% (DPPH), 89.5% (ABTS), 0.84 OD593 nm (FRAP) at 500 μg/mL, and 100% DNA protection at 50 μg/mL. Furthermore, principal cluster analysis revealed metabolite variability as follows: ginsenoside (83.3%) > amino acid (71.8%) > phenolic phytochemical (61.1%) > fatty acid (58.8%). A clustering heatmap highlighted significant changes in metabolite components under the maturation times for each organ. Our findings suggest that MCG leaves on 31 May may be a potential source for developing nutraceuticals, offering highly beneficial components and strong antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yul Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Yong Cho
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bin Jeong
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Jeon
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Ko
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Comparative assessment of compositional constituents and antioxidant effects in ginseng sprouts (Panax ginseng) through aging and fermentation processes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
3
|
Ahmed S, Shohael AM, Paek KY. Evaluation of growth and some unexplored bioactivities of bioreactor grown adventitious root culture of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:2046-2060. [PMID: 34622986 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the growth potential and some rarely reported bioactivities (antioxidant, thrombolytic, anticoagulant, and anthelmintic) of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer adventitious roots. To demonstrate the growth, shake flask and laboratory-scale bioreactor cultures have been employed. The obtained biomass was dried and extracted with water, ethanol, and methanol. The growth ratio (12.62 ± 1.03) observed in the bioreactor was significantly higher than in the shake flask culture. The presence of 10 different phytochemical classes, including carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, and terpenoids were detected in qualitative estimation. Significant quantities of phenolics, flavonoids, proteins, and tannins were determined. Dose-dependent antioxidant activities were observed, and the IC50 values of methanolic and ethanolic extracts were very similar to the standard. The highest (29.26 ± 5.31%) thrombolytic potential was shown by the methanolic extract. The ethanolic extract significantly extended the coagulation times up to 2.5 fold. The highest anthelmintic properties in terms of paralyzing (2.21 ± 0.31 min) and killing (3.69 ± 0.41 min) of the parasitic worms were displayed by the aqueous extract. The in vitro root growth implies the commercial feasibility of ginseng production in Bangladesh and the demonstration of potential bioactivities strengthens medicinal implications and also offering new research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sium Ahmed
- Cell Genetics and Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Mohammad Shohael
- Cell Genetics and Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Kee Yoeup Paek
- Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hou M, Wang R, Zhao S, Wang Z. Ginsenosides in Panax genus and their biosynthesis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1813-1834. [PMID: 34386322 PMCID: PMC8343117 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a series of glycosylated triterpenoids which belong to protopanaxadiol (PPD)-, protopanaxatriol (PPT)-, ocotillol (OCT)- and oleanane (OA)-type saponins known as active compounds of Panax genus. They are accumulated in plant roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The content and composition of ginsenosides are varied in different ginseng species, and in different parts of a certain plant. In this review, we summarized the representative saponins structures, their distributions and the contents in nearly 20 Panax species, and updated the biosynthetic pathways of ginsenosides focusing on enzymes responsible for structural diversified ginsenoside biosynthesis. We also emphasized the transcription factors in ginsenoside biosynthesis and non-coding RNAs in the growth of Panax genus plants, and highlighted the current three major biotechnological applications for ginsenosides production. This review covered advances in the past four decades, providing more clues for chemical discrimination and assessment on certain ginseng plants, new perspectives for rational evaluation and utilization of ginseng resource, and potential strategies for production of specific ginsenosides.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABA, abscisic acid
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AtCPR (ATR), Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase
- BARS, baruol synthase
- Biosynthetic pathway
- Biotechnological approach
- CAS, cycloartenol synthase
- CDP, cytidine diphosphate
- CPQ, cucurbitadienol synthase
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- DDS, dammarenediol synthase
- DM, dammarenediol-II
- DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate
- FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate
- FPPS (FPS), farnesyl diphosphate synthase
- GDP, guanosine diphosphate
- Ginsenoside
- HEJA, 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate
- HMGR, HMG-CoA reductase
- IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate
- ITS, internal transcribed spacer
- JA, jasmonic acid
- JA-Ile, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine
- JAR, JA-amino acid synthetase
- JAZ, jasmonate ZIM-domain
- KcMS, Kandelia candel multifunctional triterpene synthases
- LAS, lanosterol synthase
- LUP, lupeol synthase
- MEP, methylerythritol phosphate
- MVA, mevalonate
- MVD, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase
- MeJA, methyl jasmonate
- NDP, nucleotide diphosphate
- Non-coding RNAs
- OA, oleanane or oleanic acid
- OAS, oleanolic acid synthase
- OCT, ocotillol
- OSC, oxidosqualene cyclase
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- PPDS, PPD synthase
- PPT, protopanaxatriol
- PPTS, PPT synthase
- Panax species
- RNAi, RNA interference
- SA, salicylic acid
- SE (SQE), squalene epoxidase
- SPL, squamosa promoter-binding protein-like
- SS (SQS), squalene synthase
- SUS, sucrose synthase
- TDP, thymine diphosphate
- Transcription factors
- UDP, uridine diphosphate
- UGPase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphosphprylase
- UGT, UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase
- WGD, whole genome duplication
- α-AS, α-amyrin synthase
- β-AS, β-amyrin synthase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoqi Hou
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu J, Yan L, Xu X, Zhang Y, Shi J, Jiang C, Shao D. Strategies to enhance the production of pinoresinol and its glucosides by endophytic fungus (Phomopsis sp. XP-8) isolated from Tu-chung bark. AMB Express 2018; 8:55. [PMID: 29658051 PMCID: PMC5899966 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the production yield of (+)-pinoresinol (Pin), (+)-pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG), and (+)-pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), different methods were conducted, including co-culture with resveratrol-producing Alternaria sp. MG1 spores and addition of Tu-chung in a medium at the start of cultivation, ultrasound treatment (40 kHZ, 10 min) on 5-day culture, and addition of ethanol and sodium butyrate on Day 3, followed by cultivation for an additional period of 2 days. At the end of the cultivation period (5 days), the liquid phase was collected for product analysis. Cells were collected for the determination of gene expression levels and then used in bioconversion using resting cells for another period of 2 days. The liquid phase was measured to determine the output of the target products and the expression levels of the key genes related to the biosynthesis of these compounds. Consequently, co-culture with Alternaria MG1 and addition of Tu-chung bark in the medium efficiently increased Pin, PMG, and PDG production yield in the biosynthesis systems using potato dextrose broth medium and resting cells of Phomopsis sp. XP-8. The key genes related to the biosynthesis of these compounds were significantly upregulated. However, in the majority of cases, the addition of ethanol and sodium butyrate, and ultrasound treatment decreased the production yield of Pin, PMG, and PDG. The change in production yield was not consistently accompanied by a change in gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- School of Food Sciences, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, 1 North Perimeter Road, Xinyang, 464000 Henan China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Lu Yan
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu J, Li J, Wang S, Yao L, Liang W, Wang J, Gao W. Advances in ginsenoside biosynthesis and metabolic regulation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:514-522. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biswas T, Mathur AK, Mathur A. A literature update elucidating production of Panax ginsenosides with a special focus on strategies enriching the anti-neoplastic minor ginsenosides in ginseng preparations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4009-4032. [PMID: 28411325 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng, an oriental gift to the world of healthcare and preventive medicine, is among the top ten medicinal herbs globally. The constitutive triterpene saponins, ginsenosides, or panaxosides are attributed to ginseng's miraculous efficacy towards anti-aging, rejuvenating, and immune-potentiating benefits. The major ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd., Re, and Rg1, formed after extensive glycosylations of the aglycone "dammaranediol," dominate the chemical profile of this genus in vivo and in vitro. Elicitations have successfully led to appreciable enhancements in the production of these major ginsenosides. However, current research on ginseng biotechnology has been focusing on the enrichment or production of the minor ginsenosides (the less glycosylated precursors of the major ginsenosides) in ginseng preparations, which are either absent or are produced in very low amounts in nature or via cell cultures. The minor ginsenosides under current scientific scrutiny include diol ginsenosides such as Rg3, Rh2, compound K, and triol ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1, which are being touted as the next "anti-neoplastic pharmacophores," with better bioavailability and potency as compared to the major ginsenosides. This review aims at describing the strategies for ginsenoside production with special attention towards production of the minor ginsenosides from the major ginsenosides via microbial biotransformation, elicitations, and from heterologous expression systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Biswas
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, PO- CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - A K Mathur
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, PO- CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Archana Mathur
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, PO- CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Wang J, Li J, Liu D, Li H, Gao W, Li J, Liu S. Aspergillus niger Enhance Bioactive Compounds Biosynthesis As Well As Expression of Functional Genes in Adventitious Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:576-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Rahimi S, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Production of ginseng saponins: elicitation strategy and signal transductions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6987-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
10
|
Kim YJ, Zhang D, Yang DC. Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of ginsenosides. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:717-35. [PMID: 25747290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are essential for improving human health, and around 75% of the population in developing countries relies mainly on herb-based medicines for health care. As the king of herb plants, ginseng has been used for nearly 5,000 years in the oriental and recently in western medicines. Among the compounds studied in ginseng plants, ginsenosides have been shown to have multiple medical effects such as anti-oxidative, anti-aging, anti-cancer, adaptogenic and other health-improving activities. Ginsenosides belong to a group of triterpene saponins (also called ginseng saponins) that are found almost exclusively in Panax species and accumulated especially in the plant roots. In this review, we update the conserved and diversified pathway/enzyme biosynthesizing ginsenosides which have been presented. Particularly, we highlight recent milestone works on functional characterization of key genes dedicated to the production of ginsenosides, and their application in engineering plants and yeast cells for large-scale production of ginsenosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, 446-701, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jasmonic acid effect on the fatty acid and terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Molecules 2014; 19:10242-60. [PMID: 25029072 PMCID: PMC6271271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress response after jasmonic acid (JA) treatment was studied in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus. The effect of JA on the primary and secondary metabolism was based on changes in profiles of fatty acids (FA) and terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA). According to multivariate data analyses (MVDA), three major time events were observed and characterized according to the variations of specific FA and TIA: after 0-30 min of induction FA such as C18:1, C20:0, C22:0 and C24:0 were highly induced by JA; 90-360 min after treatment was characterized by variations of C14:0 and C15:0; and 1440 min after induction JA had the largest effect on both group of metabolites were C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C16:0, C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, catharanthine, tabersonine-like 1, serpentine, tabersonine and ajmalicine-like had the most significant variations. These results unambiguously demonstrate the profound effect of JA particularly on the accumulation of its own precursor, C18:3 and the accumulation of TIA, which can be considered as late stress response events to JA since they occurred only after 1440 min. These observations show that the early events in the JA response do not involve the de novo biosynthesis of neither its own precursor nor TIA, but is due to an already present biochemical system.
Collapse
|
12
|
Murthy HN, Georgiev MI, Kim YS, Jeong CS, Kim SJ, Park SY, Paek KY. Ginsenosides: prospective for sustainable biotechnological production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6243-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
13
|
Wang Q, Wang J, Chai H, Li J, Man S, Gao W. Optimization of balloon-type bubble bioreactor angle and methyl jasmonate concentration to enhance metabolite production in adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
14
|
Kim SK, Park JH. Trends in ginseng research in 2010. J Ginseng Res 2013; 35:389-98. [PMID: 23717084 PMCID: PMC3659559 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 470 papers directly related to research on the Panax species were retrieved by performing internet searches with the keywords Panax and ginseng as the search terms. The publications were categorized as follows: 399 research articles, 30 reviews, 30 meeting abstracts, 7 proceedings, and 4 letters. The majority of these publications were published by scientists from Korea (35.7%), China (32.3%), and the USA (11.3%). Scientists from a total of 29 nations were actively involved in conducting ginseng research. A total of 43.6% of the publications were categorized as pharmacodynamic studies. The effects of ginseng on cerebrovascular function and cancer were the two most common topics considered in the pharmacodynamic studies. More than half of the ginseng studies assessed the use of P. ginseng. A total of 23 countries participated in studies specifically related to P. ginseng, and more than 80% of these studies originated from Korea and China. A total of 50 topics within the pharmacodynamics category were examined in association with the use of P. ginseng.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang C, Qian ZG, Zhong JJ. Enhancement of ginsenoside biosynthesis in cell cultures of Panax ginseng by N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide elicitation. J Biotechnol 2013; 165:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
16
|
Baque MA, Moh SH, Lee EJ, Zhong JJ, Paek KY. Production of biomass and useful compounds from adventitious roots of high-value added medicinal plants using bioreactor. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1255-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|