1
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Wei X, Ruan H, Zhang Y, Qin T, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Li W. Pan-cancer analysis of IFN-γ with possible immunotherapeutic significance: a verification of single-cell sequencing and bulk omics research. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202150. [PMID: 37646041 PMCID: PMC10461559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), commonly referred to as type II interferon, is a crucial cytokine that coordinates the tumor immune process and has received considerable attention in tumor immunotherapy research. Previous studies have discussed the role and mechanisms associated with IFN-γ in specific tumors or diseases, but the relevant role of IFN-γ in pan-cancer remains uncertain. Methods TCGA and GTEx RNA expression data and clinical data were downloaded. Additionally, we analyzed the role of IFN-γ on tumors by using a bioinformatic approach, which included the analysis of the correlation between IFN-γ in different tumors and expression, prognosis, functional status, TMB, MSI, immune cell infiltration, and TIDE. We also developed a PPI network for topological analysis of the network, identifying hub genes as those having a degree greater than IFN-γ levels. Result IFN-γ was differentially expressed and predicted different survival statuses in a majority of tumor types in TCGA. Additionally, IFN-γ expression was strongly linked to factors like infiltration of T cells, immune checkpoints, immune-activating genes, immunosuppressive genes, chemokines, and chemokine receptors, as well as tumor purity, functional statuses, and prognostic value. Also, prognosis, CNV, and treatment response were all substantially correlated with IFN-γ-related gene expression. Particularly, the IFN-γ-related gene STAT1 exhibited the greatest percentage of SNVs and the largest percentage of SNPs in UCEC. Elevated expression levels of IFN-γ-related genes were found in a wide variety of tumor types, and this was shown to be positively linked to drug sensitivity for 20 different types of drugs. Conclusion IFN-γ is a good indicator of response to tumor immunotherapy and is likely to limit tumor progression, offering a novel approach for immunotherapy's future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wei
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Hanyi Ruan
- Department of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Qin
- Department of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
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2
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Jak Inhibitors for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Lessons from Systemic Sclerosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080936. [PMID: 36015084 PMCID: PMC9413112 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus represent two distinct autoimmune diseases belonging to the group of connective tissue disorders. Despite the great progress in the basic science, this progress has not been translated to the development of novel therapeutic approaches that can radically change the face of these diseases. The discovery of JAK kinases, which are tyrosine kinases coupled with cytokine receptors, may open a new chapter in the treatment of so far untreatable diseases. Small synthetic compounds that can block Janus kinases and interact directly with cytokine signalling may provide therapeutic potential in these diseases. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of Jak kinases in light of the cytokine network that JAK kinases are able to interact with. We also provide the theoretical background for the rationale of blocking cytokines with specific JAK inhibitors.
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3
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Nishal S, Jhawat V, Phaugat P, Dutt R. Rheumatoid Arthritis and JAK-STAT Inhibitors: Prospects of Topical Delivery. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220329185842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease in the world. The clinical prospects have increased tremendously since the advent of biological agents as therapy options. NSAIDs such as indomethacin, celecoxib, and etoricoxib are used often in the treatment of RA but off-target effects decreased their use. DMARDs such as methotrexate and etanercept were also effective in the treatment of RA, but tolerance to methotrexate developed in many cases. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have also gained popularity as a treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis. Tofacitinib is the foremost JAK inhibitor that is used to treat RA as an individual agent or in combination with other DMARDs. The most frequently used route of administration for JAKi is oral. Since oral formulations of JAK inhibitors have a number of health hazards, such as systemic toxicity and patient noncompliance, topical formulations of JAK inhibitors have emerged as a preferable alternative for administering JAK inhibitors. Tofacitinib delivered topically, seems to have the potential to eliminate or reduce the occurrences of negative effects when compared to tofacitinib taken orally. Given the scarcity of knowledge on the techniques for topical distribution of JAKi, more effort will be required to develop a stable topical formulation of JAKi to address the limitations of oral route. The current review looks at JAK inhibitors and the ways that have been used to generate topical formulations of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Nishal
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vikas Jhawat
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| | - Parmita Phaugat
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| | - Rohit Dutt
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
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4
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Rational design of heterodimeric receptors capable of activating target signaling molecules. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16809. [PMID: 34413422 PMCID: PMC8376883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signal transduction is regulated by a variety of transmembrane receptors. Many researchers have aimed to arbitrarily regulate the intracellular signaling and subsequent cell fate with artificial receptors, of which the ligand recognition and signaling properties could be artificially designed. Although several architectures of homodimeric artificial receptors have been reported, engineering of heterodimeric receptors, which are abundant among natural receptors, have yet to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, we rationally design artificial heterodimeric receptors for activating target signaling molecules. We locate a tyrosine motif on an engineered tyrosine kinase domain, which is further connected to a small molecule-responsive heterodimeric module, attaining a pair of heterodimeric receptors with different tyrosine motifs within the pair. The resultant heterodimeric receptors successfully activate target signaling molecules and even control cell proliferation levels according to the properties of tyrosine motifs connected. Thus, our heterodimeric receptors may open a new era of tailor-made designer receptors, which could be useful for cell therapy against intractable diseases.
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5
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Gomzikova MO, Aimaletdinov AM, Bondar OV, Starostina IG, Gorshkova NV, Neustroeva OA, Kletukhina SK, Kurbangaleeva SV, Vorobev VV, Garanina EE, Persson JL, Jeyapalan J, Mongan NP, Khaiboullina SF, Rizvanov AA. Immunosuppressive properties of cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles of mesenchymal stem cells: comparing with extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10740. [PMID: 32612100 PMCID: PMC7330035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a novel approach for regenerative and immunosuppressive therapy. Recently, cytochalasin B-induced microvesicles (CIMVs) were shown to be effective drug delivery mediators. However, little is known about their immunological properties. We propose that the immunophenotype and molecular composition of these vesicles could contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of CIMVs. To address this issue, CIMVs were generated from murine MSC (CIMVs-MSCs) and their cytokine content and surface marker expression determined. For the first time, we show that CIMVs-MSCs retain parental MSCs phenotype (Sca-1+, CD49e+, CD44+, CD45−). Also, CIMVs-MSCs contained a cytokine repertoire reflective of the parental MSCs, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12(p40), IL-13, IL-17, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, G-CSF, GM-CSF and TNF-α. Next, we evaluated the immune-modulating properties of CIMVs-MSCs in vivo using standard preclinical tests. MSCs and CIMVs-MSCs reduced serum levels of anti-sheep red blood cell antibody and have limited effects on neutrophil and peritoneal macrophage activity. We compared the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs, CIMVs and EVs. We observed no immunosuppression in mice pretreated with natural EVs, whereas MSCs and CIMVs-MSCs suppressed antibody production in vivo. Additionally, we have investigated the biodistribution of CIMVs-MSCs in vivo and demonstrated that CIMVs-MSCs localized in liver, lung, brain, heart, spleen and kidneys 48 h after intravenous injection and can be detected 14 days after subcutaneous and intramuscular injection. Collectively our data demonstrates immunomodulatory efficacy of CIMVs and supports their further preclinical testing as an effective therapeutic delivery modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Gomzikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008. .,M.M. Shemyakin-Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
| | - A M Aimaletdinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - O V Bondar
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - I G Starostina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - N V Gorshkova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - O A Neustroeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - S K Kletukhina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - S V Kurbangaleeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - V V Vorobev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - E E Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - J L Persson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, USA
| | - J Jeyapalan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - N P Mongan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - S F Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - A A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008. .,M.M. Shemyakin-Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
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6
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Barnes BJ, Somerville CC. Modulating Cytokine Production via Select Packaging and Secretion From Extracellular Vesicles. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1040. [PMID: 32547552 PMCID: PMC7272603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble factors that play vital roles in systemic function due to their ability to initiate and mediate cell-to-cell communication. Another important mechanism of intercellular communication that has gained significant attention in the past 10 years is the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are released by all cells during normal physiology, in states of resting and activation, as well as during disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that cytokines may be packaged into EVs, and the packaging of cytokines into EVs, along with their ultimate secretion, may also be regulated by cytokines. Importantly, the repertoire of biomolecules packaged into EVs is shaped by the biological state of the cell (resting vs. activated and healthy vs. disease) and the EV biogenesis pathway involved, thus providing mechanisms by which EV packaging and secretion may be modulated. Given the critical role of cytokines in driving acute and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as their role in establishing the tumor immune microenvironment, in this review, we will focus on these disease settings and summarize recent progress and mechanisms by which cytokines may be packaged within and modulated by EVs, as a therapeutic option for regulating innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Carter C Somerville
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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7
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Dey A, Barik D. Dichotomous Nature of Bistability Generated by Negative Cooperativity in Receptor-Ligand Binding. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1294-1302. [PMID: 31132851 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Positive cooperativity in receptor-ligand binding plays an important role in cell signaling as it generates an ultrasensitive response, a requirement for nonlinear phenomena such as bistability and oscillations in feedback regulated reaction networks. On the other hand, negative cooperativity typically produces a hyperbolic response and is thus less explored. However, recently negative cooperativity was shown to generate an ultrasensitive response under the condition of strong ligand affinity. In this work, we have used mathematical modeling to investigate the effect of negative cooperativity in receptor-ligand interaction on the bistability in a positive feedback regulatory motif. We systematically investigated the effect of negative cooperativity, modifying the two equilibrium constants of the receptor-ligand binding, on the robustness and tunability of bistability. We show that in the regime where negative cooperativity exhibits robust bistability, positive cooperativity results in poor bistability and vice versa. Further we find that the robustness and tunability of bistability depend crucially on the stability of singly and doubly engaged receptors. Our modeling highlights the ability of negative cooperativity to produce complex phenomena with potential applications in designing synthetic devices or in explaining experimental observations in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Dey
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University
P.O., Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Debashis Barik
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University
P.O., Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
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8
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Corradi V, Sejdiu BI, Mesa-Galloso H, Abdizadeh H, Noskov SY, Marrink SJ, Tieleman DP. Emerging Diversity in Lipid-Protein Interactions. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5775-5848. [PMID: 30758191 PMCID: PMC6509647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Membrane
lipids interact with proteins in a variety of ways, ranging
from providing a stable membrane environment for proteins to being
embedded in to detailed roles in complicated and well-regulated protein
functions. Experimental and computational advances are converging
in a rapidly expanding research area of lipid–protein interactions.
Experimentally, the database of high-resolution membrane protein structures
is growing, as are capabilities to identify the complex lipid composition
of different membranes, to probe the challenging time and length scales
of lipid–protein interactions, and to link lipid–protein
interactions to protein function in a variety of proteins. Computationally,
more accurate membrane models and more powerful computers now enable
a detailed look at lipid–protein interactions and increasing
overlap with experimental observations for validation and joint interpretation
of simulation and experiment. Here we review papers that use computational
approaches to study detailed lipid–protein interactions, together
with brief experimental and physiological contexts, aiming at comprehensive
coverage of simulation papers in the last five years. Overall, a complex
picture of lipid–protein interactions emerges, through a range
of mechanisms including modulation of the physical properties of the
lipid environment, detailed chemical interactions between lipids and
proteins, and key functional roles of very specific lipids binding
to well-defined binding sites on proteins. Computationally, despite
important limitations, molecular dynamics simulations with current
computer power and theoretical models are now in an excellent position
to answer detailed questions about lipid–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corradi
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | - Besian I Sejdiu
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | - Haydee Mesa-Galloso
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | - Haleh Abdizadeh
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sergei Yu Noskov
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - D Peter Tieleman
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
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9
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Li Y, Lei X, Lu H, Guo W, Wu S, Yin Z, Sun Q, Yang X. Age-Related Changes on CD40 Promotor Methylation and Immune Gene Expressions in Thymus of Chicken. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2731. [PMID: 30519246 PMCID: PMC6259354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and twenty one-day-old breeder cocks, included 15 cages of 8 birds each, were fed to learn the aging's effect on chicken's thymus immunity. At 2 (2-W) and 40 (40-W) weeks of age, one chicken each cage was randomly chosen and slaughtered to get the thymus sample. The results showed that thymus weight and morphology of 40-W group were far different from that of 2-W group, and exhibited a property of degeneration. Considering this phenotype variance, we analyzed the thymus' transcriptome to investigate the molecular mechanism that had been implicated in this phenotype diversity with age. Pearson correlation coefficients and principal component analysis indicated that two major populations corresponding to 40-W and 2-W group were identified, and 1949 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 1722 up-regulated and 127 down-regulated) were obtained. Results of GO and KEGG pathway enrichment found that 4 significantly enriched KEGG pathways (Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Intestinal immune network for IgA production, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications) related to immunoregulation were screened between 40-W and 2-W group. These results confirmed that thymus immunity of chickens had a strong age-related correlation. DEGs related to these 4 enriched KEGG pathways were suppressed in the thymus of 2-W group, this indicated that thymus immunity of 2-weeks-age chick was down-regulated. CD40 is involved in 3 of the 4 significantly enriched pathways, and it is critical for thymus immune-regulation. CD40 promoter methylation level of 2-W group was higher than that of 40-W group, it is consistent with the transcriptional differences of the gene. Our study concluded that thymus immunity of chicken was varied with age. Compared to the 40-W group, thymus immunity of 2-W group was down-regulated, and in a status of hypo-activation on the whole, and these effects might be related to CD40 suppression induced by promoter hyper-methylation of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyu Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenchen Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Furniss RCD, Low WW, Mavridou DAI, Dagley LF, Webb AI, Tate EW, Clements A. Plasma membrane profiling during enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection reveals that the metalloprotease StcE cleaves CD55 from host epithelial surfaces. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17188-17199. [PMID: 30190327 PMCID: PMC6222108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is one of several E. coli pathotypes that infect the intestinal tract and cause disease. Formation of the characteristic attaching and effacing lesion on the surface of infected cells causes significant remodeling of the host cell surface; however, limited information is available about changes at the protein level. Here we employed plasma membrane profiling, a quantitative cell-surface proteomics technique, to identify host proteins whose cell-surface levels are altered during infection. Using this method, we quantified more than 1100 proteins, 280 of which showed altered cell-surface levels after exposure to EHEC. 22 host proteins were significantly reduced on the surface of infected epithelial cells. These included both known and unknown targets of EHEC infection. The complement decay–accelerating factor cluster of differentiation 55 (CD55) exhibited the greatest reduction in cell-surface levels during infection. We showed by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis that CD55 is cleaved from the cell surface by the EHEC-specific protease StcE and found that StcE-mediated CD55 cleavage results in increased neutrophil adhesion to the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells. This suggests that StcE alters host epithelial surfaces to depress neutrophil transepithelial migration during infection. This work is the first report of the global manipulation of the epithelial cell surface by a bacterial pathogen and illustrates the power of quantitative cell-surface proteomics in uncovering critical aspects of bacterial infection biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Christopher D Furniss
- From the MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Wen Wen Low
- From the MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Despoina A I Mavridou
- From the MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Laura F Dagley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia, and
| | - Andrew I Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia, and
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Clements
- From the MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ United Kingdom,
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11
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Interleukin 6 and 10 Serum Levels and Genetic Polymorphisms in Children with Down Syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6539548. [PMID: 30186038 PMCID: PMC6116409 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6539548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological impairment is a condition that is often observed in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The immune response is modulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines whose expressions could be influenced by genetic polymorphisms. The present study was aimed at evaluating the frequencies of -174G>C, -572G>C, and -597G>A polymorphisms in the interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene and -592C>A, -1082A>G, and -819C>T polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene and the IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels in healthy individuals with and without DS. The authors also aimed to investigate the impact of the genotypes on the interleukin concentrations. The genetic polymorphisms were investigated in 200 DS individuals and 200 controls without DS. The serum measurement of IL-6 and IL-10 was performed in a subgroup (54 cases and 54 controls) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The frequencies of the polymorphisms and haplotypes evaluated were not different between individuals with and without DS. IL-10 concentration was higher in DS children but was not influenced by IL-10 gene polymorphisms. IL-6 genotypes had no influence on IL-6 serum levels. The IL-10 serum levels are increased in DS individuals, but IL-10 polymorphisms are not the main factors that influence the IL-10 expression in DS.
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12
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Fitzgerald W, Freeman ML, Lederman MM, Vasilieva E, Romero R, Margolis L. A System of Cytokines Encapsulated in ExtraCellular Vesicles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8973. [PMID: 29895824 PMCID: PMC5997670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble factors that mediate cell-cell communications in multicellular organisms. Recently, another system of cell-cell communication was discovered, which is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we demonstrate that these two systems are not strictly separated, as many cytokines in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo are released in EV-encapsulated forms and are capable of eliciting biological effects upon contact with sensitive cells. Association with EVs is not necessarily a property of a particular cytokine but rather of a biological system and can be changed upon system activation. EV-encapsulated cytokines were not detected by standard cytokine assays. Deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of EV-encapsulation will lead to a better understanding of cell-cell communications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Fitzgerald
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | - Elena Vasilieva
- Evdokimov Moscow University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Romero
- Neonatology Branch, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Detroit, USA.
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
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Are Janus Kinase Inhibitors Superior over Classic Biologic Agents in RA Patients? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7492904. [PMID: 29862290 PMCID: PMC5971265 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7492904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Janus Kinases (JAKs) are a family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that provide transmission signals from cytokine, interferons, and many hormones receptors to the nucleus resulting in synthesis of many biologically active compounds and changing cell metabolism and function. That was theoretical background to synthetize the JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs). In recent years a substantial battery of evidence has been collected indicating the potential role of Jakinibs to interact with the specific elements of the immune system, therefore changing the inflammatory response. JAK kinase blockade offers a unique opportunity to block most of the key cytokines enabling the deep interaction into immune system functioning. Following discovery first Jakinibs were intensively studied in various forms of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, and finally two Jakinibs tofacitinib and Baricitinib have been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Some clinical data indicated that under special circumstances Jakinibs may be even superior to biologics in the treatment of RA; however this suggestion should be verified in large clinical and observational studies.
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Ligand-induced type II interleukin-4 receptor dimers are sustained by rapid re-association within plasma membrane microcompartments. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15976. [PMID: 28706306 PMCID: PMC5519985 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal organization of cytokine receptors in the plasma membrane is still debated with models ranging from ligand-independent receptor pre-dimerization to ligand-induced receptor dimerization occurring only after receptor uptake into endosomes. Here, we explore the molecular and cellular determinants governing the assembly of the type II interleukin-4 receptor, taking advantage of various agonists binding the receptor subunits with different affinities and rate constants. Quantitative kinetic studies using artificial membranes confirm that receptor dimerization is governed by the two-dimensional ligand–receptor interactions and identify a critical role of the transmembrane domain in receptor dimerization. Single molecule localization microscopy at physiological cell surface expression levels, however, reveals efficient ligand-induced receptor dimerization by all ligands, largely independent of receptor binding affinities, in line with the similar STAT6 activation potencies observed for all IL-4 variants. Detailed spatiotemporal analyses suggest that kinetic trapping of receptor dimers in actin-dependent microcompartments sustains robust receptor dimerization and signalling. The contribution of ligands for cytokine receptor dimerization is still not fully understood. Here, the authors show the efficient ligand-induced dimerization of type II interleukin-4 receptor at the plasma membrane and the kinetic trapping of signalling complexes by actin-dependent membrane microdomains.
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15
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Drabik A, Bodzon-Kulakowska A, Suder P, Silberring J, Kulig J, Sierzega M. Glycosylation Changes in Serum Proteins Identify Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1436-1444. [PMID: 28244758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After more than a decade of biomarker discovery using advanced proteomic and genomic approaches, very few biomarkers have been involved in clinical diagnostics. Most candidate biomarkers are focused on the protein component. Targeting post-translational modifications (PTMs) in combination with protein sequences will provide superior diagnostic information with regards to sensitivity and specificity. Glycosylation is one of the most common and functionally important PTMs. It plays a central role in many biological processes, including protein folding, host-pathogen interactions, immune response, and inflammation. Cancer-associated aberrant glycosylation has been identified in various types of cancer. Expression of cancer-specific glycan epitopes represents an excellent opportunity for diagnostics and potentially specific detection of tumors. Here, we report four proteins (LIFR, CE350, VP13A, HPT) found in sera from pancreatic cancer patients carrying aberrant glycan structures as compared to those of controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drabik
- AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Suder
- AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow, Poland.,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jan Kulig
- First Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Sierzega
- First Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow, Poland
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16
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Yang CY, Delproposto J, Chinnaswamy K, Brown WC, Wang S, Stuckey JA, Wang X. Conformational Sampling and Binding Site Assessment of Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 Ectodomain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146522. [PMID: 26735493 PMCID: PMC4703388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), a member of the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family, activates type 2 immune responses to pathogens and tissue damage via binding to IL-33. Dysregulated responses contribute to asthma, graft-versus-host and autoinflammatory diseases and disorders. To study ST2 structure for inhibitor development, we performed the principal component (PC) analysis on the crystal structures of IL1-1R1, IL1-1R2, ST2 and the refined ST2 ectodomain (ST2ECD) models, constructed from previously reported small-angle X-ray scattering data. The analysis facilitates mapping of the ST2ECD conformations to PC subspace for characterizing structural changes. Extensive coverage of ST2ECD conformations was then obtained using the accelerated molecular dynamics simulations started with the IL-33 bound ST2ECD structure as instructed by their projected locations on the PC subspace. Cluster analysis of all conformations further determined representative conformations of ST2ECD ensemble in solution. Alignment of the representative conformations with the ST2/IL-33 structure showed that the D3 domain of ST2ECD (containing D1-D3 domains) in most conformations exhibits no clashes with IL-33 in the crystal structure. Our experimental binding data informed that the D1-D2 domain of ST2ECD contributes predominantly to the interaction between ST2ECD and IL-33 underscoring the importance of the D1-D2 domain in binding. Computational binding site assessment revealed one third of the total detected binding sites in the representative conformations may be suitable for binding to potent small molecules. Locations of these sites include the D1-D2 domain ST2ECD and modulation sites conformed to ST2ECD conformations. Our study provides structural models and analyses of ST2ECD that could be useful for inhibitor discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yie Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
| | - James Delproposto
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
| | - Krishnapriya Chinnaswamy
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
| | - William Clay Brown
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 701, Taiwan; and Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jeanne A. Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
- Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Chien FC, Lien CH, Dai YH. Dual-color dynamic tracking of GM-CSF receptors/JAK2 kinases signaling activation using temporal focusing multiphoton fluorescence excitation and astigmatic imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:30943-30955. [PMID: 26698726 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.030943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dual-color dynamic particle tracking approach that uses temporal focusing multiphoton fluorescence excitation and two-channel astigmatic imaging is utilized to track molecular trajectories in three dimensions to explore molecular interactions. Images of two fluorophores were obtained to extract their positions by optical sectioning excitation using a fast temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscope (TFMPEM) and by the simultaneous collection of data in two channels. The presented pair of cylindrical lenses, which was used to adjust the astigmatism effect with the minimum shifting of the imaging plane, was more feasible and flexible than single cylindrical lens for aligning two separate detection channels in astigmatic imaging. The lateral and axial positioning resolutions were observed to be approximately 9-13 nm and 23-30 nm respectively, for the two fluorescence channels. The dynamic movement and binding behavior of clusters of GM-CSF receptors and JAK2 kinases in HeLa cells in the presence of GM-CSF ligands were observed. Therefore, the proposed dual-color tracking strategy is useful for the dynamic study of molecular interactions in living specimens with a fast frame rate, less photobleaching, better penetration depth, and minimum optical trapping force.
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18
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Goffin V, Touraine P. The prolactin receptor as a therapeutic target in human diseases: browsing new potential indications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1229-44. [PMID: 26063597 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1053209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolactin (PRL) signaling has emerged as a relevant target in breast and prostate cancers. This has encouraged various laboratories to develop compounds targeting the PRL receptor (PRLR). As the latter is widely distributed, it is timely to address whether other conditions could also benefit from such inhibitors. AREAS COVERED The authors briefly overview the two classes of PRLR blockers, which involve: i) PRL-core based analogs that have been validated as competitive antagonists in various preclinical models, and ii) anti-PRLR neutralizing antibodies that are currently in clinical Phase I for advanced breast and prostate cancers. The main purpose of this review is to discuss the multiple organs/diseases that may be considered as potential targets/indications for such inhibitors. This is done in light of reports suggesting that PRLR expression/signaling is increased in disease, and/or that systemic or locally elevated PRL levels correlate with (or promote) organ pathogenesis. EXPERT OPINION The two immediate challenges in the field are i) to provide the scientific community with potent anti-prolactin receptor antibodies to map prolactin receptor expression in target organs, and ii) to take advantage of the availability of functionally validated PRLR blockers to establish the relevance of these potential indications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Goffin
- Research Director at Inserm, Head of the 'PRL/GH Pathophysiology: Translational Approaches' Laboratory,University Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm Unit 1151, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes , Bâtiment Leriche, 14 Rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS61431, 75993 Paris Cedex 14 , France +33 1 72 60 63 68 +33 1 72 60 64 01 ;
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19
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The molecular basis for functional plasticity in type I interferon signaling. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:139-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Spangler JB, Moraga I, Mendoza JL, Garcia KC. Insights into cytokine-receptor interactions from cytokine engineering. Annu Rev Immunol 2014; 33:139-67. [PMID: 25493332 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines exert a vast array of immunoregulatory actions critical to human biology and disease. However, the desired immunotherapeutic effects of native cytokines are often mitigated by toxicity or lack of efficacy, either of which results from cytokine receptor pleiotropy and/or undesired activation of off-target cells. As our understanding of the structural principles of cytokine-receptor interactions has advanced, mechanism-based manipulation of cytokine signaling through protein engineering has become an increasingly feasible and powerful approach. Modified cytokines, both agonists and antagonists, have been engineered with narrowed target cell specificities, and they have also yielded important mechanistic insights into cytokine biology and signaling. Here we review the theory and practice of cytokine engineering and rationalize the mechanisms of several engineered cytokines in the context of structure. We discuss specific examples of how structure-based cytokine engineering has opened new opportunities for cytokines as drugs, with a focus on the immunotherapeutic cytokines interferon, interleukin-2, and interleukin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie B Spangler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; , , ,
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21
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Wang X, Pesakhov S, Harrison JS, Kafka M, Danilenko M, Studzinski GP. The MAPK ERK5, but not ERK1/2, inhibits the progression of monocytic phenotype to the functioning macrophage. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:199-211. [PMID: 25447310 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling pathways present targets for pharmacological agents with potential for treatment of neoplastic diseases, with some disease remissions already recorded. However, cellular compensatory mechanisms usually negate the initial success. For instance, attempts to interrupt aberrant signaling downstream of the frequently mutated ras by inhibiting ERK1/2 has shown only limited usefulness for cancer therapy. Here, we examined how ERK5, that overlaps the functions of ERK1/2 in cell proliferation and survival, functions in a manner distinct from ERK1/2 in human AML cells induced to differentiate by 1,25D-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D). Using inhibitors of ERK1/2 and of MEK5/ERK5 at concentrations specific for each kinase in HL60 and U937 cells, we observed that selective inhibition of the kinase activity of ERK5, but not of ERK1/2, in the presence of 1,25D resulted in macrophage-like cell morphology and enhancement of phagocytic activity. Importantly, this was associated with increased expression of the macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), but was not seen when M-CSFR expression was knocked down. Interestingly, inhibition of ERK1/2 led to activation of ERK5 in these cells. Our results support the hypothesis that ERK5 negatively regulates the expression of M-CSFR, and thus has a restraining function on macrophage differentiation. The addition of pharmacological inhibitors of ERK5 may influence trials of differentiation therapy of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Wang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers, NJ Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Stella Pesakhov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan S Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Michael Kafka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Danilenko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - George P Studzinski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers, NJ Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Inflammatory cytokines and physical activity in multiple sclerosis. ISRN NEUROLOGY 2014; 2014:151572. [PMID: 24592334 PMCID: PMC3921944 DOI: 10.1155/2014/151572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Besides the functional benefits, physical activity triggers a hormonal pattern of immunologic responses with an anti-inflammatory effect in individuals who suffer from multiple sclerosis. Purpose. To analyze the influence of physical activity on multiple sclerosis and identify the intensity threshold which triggers the anti-inflammatory physiological mechanism. Methodology. A systematic review was made on the databases Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PloS, PEDro, and Web of Science. Studies from references of retrieved articles were also collected. The criteria included studies published in English and random studies referred to the inflammatory process, connected with physical activity in individuals with multiple sclerosis. The studies were methodologically analyzed by two reviewers according to PEDro scale. Results and Discussion. Five random control trial studies were identified. The results revealed that with physical activity there seems to have a modulation on anti-inflammatory cytokines which improve physical and cardiorespiratory performance. More investigation is required. Conclusions. Physical activity influences the quality of life and it seems to stimulate the presence of anti-inflammatory cytokines. With light physical activity the cellular activity is lower, while with moderate activity there seems to have more capacity to help in the resolution of an inflammatory situation.
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Signalling by the βc family of cytokines. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Panayidou S, Apidianakis Y. Regenerative inflammation: lessons from Drosophila intestinal epithelium in health and disease. Pathogens 2013; 2:209-31. [PMID: 25437036 PMCID: PMC4235722 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is widely recognized as a pivotal player in health and disease. Defined cytologically as the infiltration of leukocytes in the lamina propria layer of the intestine, it can damage the epithelium and, on a chronic basis, induce inflammatory bowel disease and potentially cancer. The current view thus dictates that blood cell infiltration is the instigator of intestinal inflammation and tumor-promoting inflammation. This is based partially on work in humans and mice showing that intestinal damage during microbially mediated inflammation activates phagocytic cells and lymphocytes that secrete inflammatory signals promoting tissue damage and tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, extensive parallel work in the Drosophila midgut shows that intestinal epithelium damage induces inflammatory signals and growth factors acting mainly in a paracrine manner to induce intestinal stem cell proliferation and tumor formation when genetically predisposed. This is accomplished without any apparent need to involve Drosophila hemocytes. Therefore, recent work on Drosophila host defense to infection by expanding its main focus on systemic immunity signaling pathways to include the study of organ homeostasis in health and disease shapes a new notion that epithelially emanating cytokines and growth factors can directly act on the intestinal stem cell niche to promote “regenerative inflammation” and potentially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavria Panayidou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus.
| | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus.
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Broughton SE, Dhagat U, Hercus TR, Nero TL, Grimbaldeston MA, Bonder CS, Lopez AF, Parker MW. The GM-CSF/IL-3/IL-5 cytokine receptor family: from ligand recognition to initiation of signaling. Immunol Rev 2013; 250:277-302. [PMID: 23046136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-5 are members of a discrete family of cytokines that regulates the growth, differentiation, migration and effector function activities of many hematopoietic cells and immunocytes. These cytokines are involved in normal responses to infectious agents, bridging innate and adaptive immunity. However, in certain cases, the overexpression of these cytokines or their receptors can lead to excessive or aberrant initiation of signaling resulting in pathological conditions, with chronic inflammatory diseases and myeloid leukemias the most notable examples. Recent crystal structures of the GM-CSF receptor ternary complex and the IL-5 binary complex have revealed new paradigms of cytokine receptor activation. Together with a wealth of associated structure-function studies, they have significantly enhanced our understanding of how these receptors recognize cytokines and initiate signals across cell membranes. Importantly, these structures provide opportunities for structure-based approaches for the discovery of novel and disease-specific therapeutics. In addition, recent biochemical evidence has suggested that the GM-CSF/IL-3/IL-5 receptor family is capable of interacting productively with other membrane proteins at the cell surface. Such interactions may afford additional or unique biological activities and might be harnessed for selective modulation of the function of these receptors in disease.
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Abstract
Membrane proteins interact with their lipid bilayer environment via both a transmembrane helix and juxtamembrane regions. The effect of juxtamembrane regions and membrane lipid composition on these interactions has been explored by multiscale molecular dynamics simulations. The consequences of anionic lipids within the inner leaflet of a membrane were studied in combination with membrane spanning protein models differing in their juxtamembrane domains. The simulations reveal sensitivity of the protein-lipid interactions to membrane lipid composition and charged amino acid side chains. Basic residues on the intracellular side of the protein facilitated interactions with anionic lipids. Protein systems without basic residues do not show selectivity for anionic compared with zwitterionic lipids. This reveals the sensitivity to the composition of both the membrane and the protein system when studying membrane-embedded proteins. The results presented here illustrate how even a simple transmembrane domain is able to induce lipid reorganization in a mixed asymmetric bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark S. P. Sansom
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Phone: +44 (0)1865 613306,
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