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Otzen DE. Antibodies and α-synuclein: What to target against Parkinson's Disease? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140943. [PMID: 37783321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is strongly linked to the aggregation of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn), an intrinsically disordered protein. However, strategies to combat PD by targeting the aggregation of α-syn are challenged by the multiple types of aggregates formed both in vivo and in vitro, the potential influence of chemical modifications and the as yet unresolved question of which aggregate types (oligomeric or fibrillar) are most cytotoxic. Here I briefly review the social history of α-syn, the many efforts to raise antibodies against α-syn and the disappointing results of clinical trials based on such antibodies. Ultimately a thorough understanding of the molecular and mechanistic properties of mAbs towards aggregated species of α-syn is an essential prerequisite for any clinical trial, but this is missing in most cases. I highlight new microfluidic techniques which may address this need and call for a more concerted effort to standardize antibody studies as the basis to allow us to link molecular insights to clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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2
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Hug MN, Keller S, Marty T, Gygax D, Meinel D, Spies P, Handschin J, Kleiser M, Vazquez N, Linnik J, Buchli R, Claas F, Heidt S, Kramer CSM, Bezstarosti S, Lee JH, Schaub S, Hönger G. HLA antibody affinity determination: From HLA-specific monoclonal antibodies to donor HLA specific antibodies (DSA) in patient serum. HLA 2023. [PMID: 37191252 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Organs transplanted across donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) are associated with a variety of clinical outcomes, including a high risk of acute kidney graft rejection. Unfortunately, the currently available assays to determine DSA characteristics are insufficient to clearly discriminate between potentially harmless and harmful DSA. To further explore the hazard potential of DSA, their concentration and binding strength to their natural target, using soluble HLA, may be informative. There are currently a number of biophysical technologies available that allow the assessment of antibody binding strength. However, these methods require prior knowledge of antibody concentrations. Our objective within this study was to develop a novel approach that combines the determination of DSA-affinity as well as DSA-concentration for patient sample evaluation within one assay. We initially tested the reproducibility of previously reported affinities of human HLA-specific monoclonal antibodies and assessed the technology-specific precision of the obtained results on multiple platforms, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), bio-layer interferometry (BLI), Luminex (single antigen beads; SAB), and flow-induced dispersion analysis (FIDA). While the first three (solid-phase) technologies revealed comparable high binding-strengths, suggesting measurement of avidity, the latter (in-solution) approach revealed slightly lower binding-strengths, presumably indicating measurement of affinity. We believe that our newly developed in-solution FIDA-assay is particularly suitable to provide useful clinical information by not just measuring DSA-affinities in patient serum samples but simultaneously delivering a particular DSA-concentration. Here, we investigated DSA from 20 pre-transplant patients, all of whom showed negative CDC-crossmatch results with donor cells and SAB signals ranging between 571 and 14899 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). DSA-concentrations were found in the range between 11.2 and 1223 nM (median 81.1 nM), and their measured affinities fall between 0.055 and 24.7 nM (median 5.34 nM; 449-fold difference). In 13 of 20 sera (65%), DSA accounted for more than 0.1% of total serum antibodies, and 4/20 sera (20%) revealed a proportion of DSA even higher than 1%. To conclude, this study strengthens the presumption that pre-transplant patient DSA consists of various concentrations and different net affinities. Validation of these results in a larger patient cohort with clinical outcomes will be essential in a further step to assess the clinical relevance of DSA-concentration and DSA-affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie N Hug
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences Muttenz, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Keller
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences Muttenz, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Talea Marty
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences Muttenz, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Gygax
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences Muttenz, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Meinel
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences Muttenz, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Peter Spies
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences Muttenz, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Handschin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Kleiser
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Noemi Vazquez
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janina Linnik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rico Buchli
- Department of Research and Development, PureProtein LLC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Frans Claas
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia S M Kramer
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Bezstarosti
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jar-How Lee
- Research Department, Terasaki Innovation Center (TIC), Glendale, California, USA
| | - Stefan Schaub
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gideon Hönger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Somavarapu AK, Kleijwegt G, Nagaraj M, Alam P, Nielsen J, Otzen DE. Drug repurposing screens identify compounds that inhibit α-synuclein oligomers' membrane disruption and block antibody interactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:3030-3047. [PMID: 36937574 PMCID: PMC10016340 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05534a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Small soluble oligomers of the protein α-synuclein (αSO) have been linked to disruptions in neuronal homeostasis, contributing to the development of Parkinson's Disease (PD). While this makes αSO an obvious drug target, the development of effective therapeutics against αSO is challenged by its low abundance and structural and morphological complexity. Here, we employ two different approaches to neutralize toxic interactions made by αSOs with different cellular components. First, we use available data to identify four neuronal proteins as likely candidates for αSO interactions, namely Cfl1, Uchl1, Sirt2 and SerRS. However, despite promising results when immobilized, all 4 proteins only bind weakly to αSO in solution in microfluidic assays, making them inappropriate for screening. In contrast, the formation of stable contacts formed between αSO and vesicles consisting of anionic lipids not only mimics a likely biological role of αSO but also provided a platform to screen two small molecule libraries for disruptors of these contacts. Of the 7 best leads obtained in this way, 2 significantly impaired αSO contacts with other proteins in a sandwich ELISA assay using αSO-binding monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies. In addition, 5 of these leads suppressed α-synuclein amyloid formation. Thus, a repurposing screening that directly targets a key culprit in PD pathogenesis shows therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Somavarapu
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Giulia Kleijwegt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Madhu Nagaraj
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Parvez Alam
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Janni Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Kosheleva I, Henning R, Kim I, Kim SO, Kusel M, Srajer V. Sample-minimizing co-flow cell for time-resolved pump-probe X-ray solution scattering. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:490-499. [PMID: 36891863 PMCID: PMC10000795 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522012127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental problem in biological sciences is understanding how macromolecular machines work and how the structural changes of a molecule are connected to its function. Time-resolved techniques are vital in this regard and essential for understanding the structural dynamics of biomolecules. Time-resolved small- and wide-angle X-ray solution scattering has the capability to provide a multitude of information about the kinetics and global structural changes of molecules under their physiological conditions. However, standard protocols for such time-resolved measurements often require significant amounts of sample, which frequently render time-resolved measurements impossible. A cytometry-type sheath co-flow cell, developed at the BioCARS 14-ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, USA, allows time-resolved pump-probe X-ray solution scattering measurements to be conducted with sample consumption reduced by more than ten times compared with standard sample cells and protocols. The comparative capabilities of the standard and co-flow experimental setups were demonstrated by studying time-resolved signals in photoactive yellow protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kosheleva
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Ave, Bld 434B, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Robert Henning
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Ave, Bld 434B, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Insik Kim
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Ave, Bld 434B, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Seong Ok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, E6-6 #513, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Kusel
- Kusel Design, 12 Coghlan Street, Niddrie, Wurundjeri Country 3042, Australia
| | - Vukica Srajer
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Ave, Bld 434B, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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5
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Pirhaghi M, Frank SA, Alam P, Nielsen J, Sereikaite V, Gupta A, Strømgaard K, Andreasen M, Sharma D, Saboury AA, Otzen DE. A penetratin-derived peptide reduces the membrane permeabilization and cell toxicity of α-synuclein oligomers. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102688. [PMID: 36370848 PMCID: PMC9791135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder associated with the intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Cytotoxicity is mainly associated with the oligomeric species (αSOs) formed at early stages in α-syn aggregation. Consequently, there is an intense focus on the discovery of novel inhibitors such as peptides to inhibit oligomer formation and toxicity. Here, using peptide arrays, we identified nine peptides with high specificity and affinity for αSOs. Of these, peptides p194, p235, and p249 diverted α-syn aggregation from fibrils to amorphous aggregates with reduced β-structures and increased random coil content. However, they did not reduce αSO cytotoxicity and permeabilization of large anionic unilamellar vesicles. In parallel, we identified a non-self-aggregating peptide (p216), derived from the cell-penetrating peptide penetratin, which showed 12-fold higher binding affinity to αSOs than to α-syn monomers (Kdapp 2.7 and 31.2 μM, respectively). p216 reduced αSOs-induced large anionic unilamellar vesicle membrane permeability at 10-1 to 10-3 mg/ml by almost 100%, was not toxic to SH-SY5Y cells, and reduced αSOs cytotoxicity by about 20%. We conclude that p216 is a promising starting point from which to develop peptides targeting toxic αSOs in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Pirhaghi
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Signe Andrea Frank
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Parvez Alam
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Janni Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vita Sereikaite
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Arpit Gupta
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Maria Andreasen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India; G.N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Chennai, India
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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6
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Njume FN, Razzauti A, Soler M, Perschin V, Fazeli G, Bourez A, Delporte C, Ghogomu SM, Poelvoorde P, Pichard S, Birck C, Poterszman A, Souopgui J, Van Antwerpen P, Stigloher C, Vanhamme L, Laurent P. A lipid transfer protein ensures nematode cuticular impermeability. iScience 2022; 25:105357. [PMID: 36339267 PMCID: PMC9626681 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle of C. elegans is impermeable to chemicals, toxins, and pathogens. However, increased permeability is a desirable phenotype because it facilitates chemical uptake. Surface lipids contribute to the permeability barrier. Here, we identify the lipid transfer protein GMAP-1 as a critical element setting the permeability of the C. elegans cuticle. A gmap-1 deletion mutant increases cuticular permeability to sodium azide, levamisole, Hoechst, and DiI. Expressing GMAP-1 in the hypodermis or transiently in the adults is sufficient to rescue this gmap-1 permeability phenotype. GMAP-1 protein is secreted from the hypodermis to the aqueous fluid filling the space between collagen fibers of the cuticle. In vitro, GMAP-1 protein binds phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine while in vivo, GMAP-1 sets the surface lipid composition and organization. Altogether, our results suggest GMAP-1 secreted by hypodermis shuttles lipids to the surface to form the permeability barrier of C. elegans. GMAP-1 is secreted by the hypodermis toward the cuticle of Caenorhabditis elegans GMAP-1 binds and shuttle phosphoglycerides GMAP-1 sets the lipid composition of the cuticle While healthy, gmap-1 mutant displays high cuticular permeability
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Ngale Njume
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adria Razzauti
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Miguel Soler
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Veronika Perschin
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Fazeli
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axelle Bourez
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Cedric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stephen M. Ghogomu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Philippe Poelvoorde
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Simon Pichard
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Birck
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Poterszman
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Vanhamme
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Patrick Laurent
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Corresponding author
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7
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Shen P, Jia Y, Shi S, Sun J, Han X. Analytical and biomedical applications of microfluidics in traditional Chinese medicine research. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Madsen A, Mejias-Gomez O, Pedersen LE, Skovgaard K, Kristensen P, Goletz S. Immobilization-Free Binding and Affinity Characterization of Higher Order Bispecific Antibody Complexes Using Size-Based Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13652-13658. [PMID: 36166291 PMCID: PMC9558742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous targeting of different antigens by bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) is permitting synergistic binding functionalities with high therapeutic potential, but is also rendering their analysis challenging. We introduce flow-induced dispersion analysis (FIDA) for the in-depth characterization of bsAbs with diverse molecular architectures and valencies under near-native conditions without potentially obstructive surface immobilization. Individual equilibrium dissociation constants are determined in solution, even in higher-order complexes with both antigens involved, hereby allowing the analysis of binding cooperativity and elucidation of a potential interference between the interactions. We further illustrate bispecific binding functionality as incremental increases in complex sizes when the bsAbs are exposed to one or two antigens. The possibility for comprehensive binding analysis with low material consumption and high matrix tolerability irrespective of molecular format and with little optimization renders FIDA a versatile tool for format selection and characterization of complex bi/multispecific protein therapeutics throughout the drug development and biomanufacturing pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas
V. Madsen
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical
University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Oscar Mejias-Gomez
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical
University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse E. Pedersen
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical
University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical
University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical
University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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9
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Filippi M, Buchner T, Yasa O, Weirich S, Katzschmann RK. Microfluidic Tissue Engineering and Bio-Actuation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108427. [PMID: 35194852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio-hybrid robots consist of synthetic and living materials and have the potential to self-assemble, regenerate, work autonomously, and interact safely with other species and the environment. Cells require a sufficient exchange of nutrients and gases, which is guaranteed by convection and diffusive transport through liquid media. The functional development and long-term survival of biological tissues in vitro can be improved by dynamic flow culture, but only microfluidic flow control can develop tissue with fine structuring and regulation at the microscale. Full control of tissue growth at the microscale will eventually lead to functional macroscale constructs, which are needed as the biological component of soft bio-hybrid technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in microfluidic techniques to engineer biological tissues, focusing on the use of muscle cells for robotic bio-actuation. Moreover, the instances in which bio-actuation technologies greatly benefit from fusion with microfluidics are highlighted, which include: the microfabrication of matrices, biomimicry of cell microenvironments, tissue maturation, perfusion, and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Buchner
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weirich
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Katzschmann
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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10
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Antifeeva IA, Fonin AV, Fefilova AS, Stepanenko OV, Povarova OI, Silonov SA, Kuznetsova IM, Uversky VN, Turoverov KK. Liquid-liquid phase separation as an organizing principle of intracellular space: overview of the evolution of the cell compartmentalization concept. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:251. [PMID: 35445278 PMCID: PMC11073196 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
At the turn of the twenty-first century, fundamental changes took place in the understanding of the structure and function of proteins and then in the appreciation of the intracellular space organization. A rather mechanistic model of the organization of living matter, where the function of proteins is determined by their rigid globular structure, and the intracellular processes occur in rigidly determined compartments, was replaced by an idea that highly dynamic and multifunctional "soft matter" lies at the heart of all living things. According this "new view", the most important role in the spatio-temporal organization of the intracellular space is played by liquid-liquid phase transitions of biopolymers. These self-organizing cellular compartments are open dynamic systems existing at the edge of chaos. They are characterized by the exceptional structural and compositional dynamics, and their multicomponent nature and polyfunctionality provide means for the finely tuned regulation of various intracellular processes. Changes in the external conditions can cause a disruption of the biogenesis of these cellular bodies leading to the irreversible aggregation of their constituent proteins, followed by the transition to a gel-like state and the emergence of amyloid fibrils. This work represents a historical overview of changes in our understanding of the intracellular space compartmentalization. It also reflects methodological breakthroughs that led to a change in paradigms in this area of science and discusses modern ideas about the organization of the intracellular space. It is emphasized here that the membrane-less organelles have to combine a certain resistance to the changes in their environment and, at the same time, show high sensitivity to the external signals, which ensures the normal functioning of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia A Antifeeva
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alexander V Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Anna S Fefilova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Olesya V Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Olga I Povarova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Sergey A Silonov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC07, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
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