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Sun Q, Wang Y, Hou L, Li S, Hong JS, Wang Q, Zhao J. Clozapine-N-oxide protects dopaminergic neurons against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity by preventing ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:384-402. [PMID: 38182072 PMCID: PMC10842931 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, yet treatment options are limited. Clozapine (CLZ), an antipsychotic used for schizophrenia, has potential as a PD treatment. CLZ and its metabolite, Clozapine-N-Oxide (CNO), show neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons, with mechanisms needing further investigation. This study aimed to confirm the neuroprotective effects of CLZ and CNO in a rotenone-induced mouse model and further explore the underlying mechanisms of CNO-afforded protection. Gait pattern and rotarod activity evaluations showed motor impairments in rotenone-exposed mice, with CLZ or CNO administration ameliorating behavioral deficits. Cell counts and biochemical analysis demonstrated CLZ and CNO's effectiveness in reducing rotenone-induced neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system in mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CNO suppressed rotenone-induced ferroptosis of dopaminergic neurons by rectifying iron imbalances, curtailing lipid peroxidation, and mitigating mitochondrial morphological changes. CNO also reversed autolysosome and ferritinophagic activation in rotenone-exposed mice. SH-SY5Y cell cultures validated these findings, indicating ferritinophage involvement, where CNO-afforded protection was diminished by ferritinophagy enhancers. Furthermore, knockdown of NCOA4, a crucial cargo receptor for ferritin degradation in ferritinophagy, hampered rotenone-induced ferroptosis and NCOA4 overexpression countered the anti-ferroptotic effects of CNO. Whereas, iron-chelating agents and ferroptosis enhancers had no effect on the anti-ferritinophagic effects of CNO in rotenone-treated cells. In summary, CNO shielded dopaminergic neurons in the rotenone-induced PD model by modulating NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, highlighting a potential therapeutic pathway for PD treatment. This research provided insights into the role of NCOA4 in ferroptosis and suggested new approaches for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, No. 156 W. Wansui Road, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Library, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liyan Hou
- Dalian Medical University Library, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Sheng Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Sciences, NIH, MD F1-01, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Qingshan Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Casetta C, Santosh P, Bayley R, Bisson J, Byford S, Dixon C, Drake RJ, Elvins R, Emsley R, Fung N, Hayes D, Howes O, James A, James K, Jones R, Killaspy H, Lennox B, Marchant L, McGuire P, Oloyede E, Rogdaki M, Upthegrove R, Walters J, Egerton A, MacCabe JH. CLEAR - clozapine in early psychosis: study protocol for a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial of clozapine vs other antipsychotics for young people with treatment resistant schizophrenia in real world settings. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:122. [PMID: 38355533 PMCID: PMC10865566 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug with unique efficacy, and it is the only recommended treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS: failure to respond to at least two different antipsychotics). However, clozapine is also associated with a range of adverse effects which restrict its use, including blood dyscrasias, for which haematological monitoring is required. As treatment resistance is recognised earlier in the illness, the question of whether clozapine should be prescribed in children and young people is increasingly important. However, most research to date has been in older, chronic patients, and evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of clozapine in people under age 25 is lacking. The CLEAR (CLozapine in EARly psychosis) trial will assess whether clozapine is more effective than treatment as usual (TAU), at the level of clinical symptoms, patient rated outcomes, quality of life and cost-effectiveness in people below 25 years of age. Additionally, a nested biomarker study will investigate the mechanisms of action of clozapine compared to TAU. METHODS AND DESIGN This is the protocol of a multi-centre, open label, blind-rated, randomised controlled effectiveness trial of clozapine vs TAU (any other oral antipsychotic monotherapy licenced in the British National Formulary) for 12 weeks in 260 children and young people with TRS (12-24 years old). AIM AND OBJECTIVES The primary outcome is the change in blind-rated Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores at 12 weeks from baseline. Secondary outcomes include blind-rated Clinical Global Impression, patient-rated outcomes, quality of life, adverse effects, and treatment adherence. Patients will be followed up for 12 months and will be invited to give consent for longer term follow-up using clinical records and potential re-contact for further research. For mechanism of action, change in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers and peripheral inflammatory markers will be measured over 12 weeks. DISCUSSION The CLEAR trial will contribute knowledge on clozapine effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness compared to standard antipsychotics in young people with TRS, and the results may guide future clinical treatment recommendation for early psychosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Number: 37176025, IRAS Number: 1004947. TRIAL STATUS In set-up. Protocol version 4.0 01/08/23. Current up to date protocol available here: https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/NIHR131175# /.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Casetta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - P Santosh
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Bayley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Bisson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Byford
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Dixon
- Wonford House Hospital, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - R J Drake
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R Elvins
- Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R Emsley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Fung
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Hayes
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - O Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A James
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K James
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Jones
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - H Killaspy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - B Lennox
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L Marchant
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Oloyede
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Rogdaki
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Womens and Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Walters
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Egerton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J H MacCabe
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Blandino G, Fiorani M, Canonico B, De Matteis R, Guidarelli A, Montanari M, Buffi G, Coppo L, Arnér ESJ, Cantoni O. Clozapine suppresses NADPH oxidase activation, counteracts cytosolic H 2O 2, and triggers early onset mitochondrial dysfunction during adipogenesis of human liposarcoma SW872 cells. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102915. [PMID: 37866162 PMCID: PMC10623370 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term treatment of schizophrenia with clozapine (CLZ), an atypical antipsychotic drug, is associated with an increased incidence of metabolic disorders mediated by poorly understood mechanisms. We herein report that CLZ, while slowing down the morphological changes and lipid accumulation occurring during SW872 cell adipogenesis, also causes an early (day 3) inhibition of the expression/nuclear translocation of CAAT/enhancer-binding protein β and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Under the same conditions, CLZ blunts NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a dual mechanism involving enzyme inhibition and ROS scavenging. These effects were accompanied by hampered activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidant responses compared to controls, and by an aggravated formation of mitochondrial superoxide. CLZ failed to exert ROS scavenging activities in the mitochondrial compartment but appeared to actively scavenge cytosolic H2O2 derived from mitochondrial superoxide. The early formation of mitochondrial ROS promoted by CLZ was also associated with signs of mitochondrial dysfunction. Some of the above findings were recapitulated using mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We conclude that the NADPH oxidase inhibitory and cytosolic ROS scavenging activities of CLZ slow down SW872 cell adipogenesis and suppress their Nrf2 activation, an event apparently connected with increased mitochondrial ROS formation, which is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Thus, the cellular events characterised herein may help to shed light on the more detailed molecular mechanisms explaining some of the adverse metabolic effects of CLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Blandino
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mara Fiorani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Rita De Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Guidarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Gloria Buffi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Selenoprotein Research and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orazio Cantoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Flores-Gómez GD, Apam-Castillejos DJ, Juárez-Díaz I, Fuentes-Medel E, Díaz A, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Flores G. Aripiprazole attenuates the medial prefrontal cortex morphological and biochemical alterations in rats with neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 132:102316. [PMID: 37481172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a loss of dendritic spines in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Multiple subclinical and clinical studies have evidenced the ability of antipsychotics to improve neuroplasticity. In this study, it was evaluated the effect of the atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole (ARI) on the behavioral and mPFC neuronal disturbances of rats with neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (nVHL), which is a heuristic developmental model relevant to the study of schizophrenia. ARI attenuated open field hyperlocomotion in the rats with nVHL. Also, ARI ameliorated structural neuroplasticity disturbances of the mPFC layer 3 pyramidal cells, but not in the layer 5 neurons. These effects can be associated with the ARI capability of increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Moreover, in the animals with nVHL, ARI attenuated the immunoreactivity for some oxidative stress-related molecules such as the nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), as well as the reactive astrogliosis in the mPFC. These results contribute to current knowledge about the neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of antipsychotics which may be contributing to their clinical effects and envision promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ismael Juárez-Díaz
- Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Estefania Fuentes-Medel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
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Liu H, Yu R, Gao Y, Li X, Guan X, Thomas K, Xiu M, Zhang X. Antioxidant Enzymes and Weight Gain in Drug-naive First-episode Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Risperidone for 12 Weeks: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1774-1782. [PMID: 34544343 PMCID: PMC9881063 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210920090547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in weight gain induced by antipsychotics in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, little is known about how antioxidant enzymes are involved in weight gain caused by risperidone monotherapy in antipsychotics-naïve first-episode (ANFE) patients with SCZ. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of risperidone on several antioxidant enzymes in patients with ANFE SCZ and the relationship between weight gain and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. OBJECTIVE The activities of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 225 ANFE patients and 125 healthy controls. METHODS Patients were treated with risperidone monotherapy for 12 weeks. Clinical symptoms, antioxidant enzyme activities, and MDA levels were measured at baseline and during follow-up. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the patients showed higher activities of SOD and CAT but lower MDA levels and GPx activity. At baseline, the CAT activity was associated with body weight or BMI. Further, based on a 7% weight increase from baseline to follow-up, we found 75 patients in the weight gain (WG) group and 150 patients in the non-WG group. Comparing SOD, CAT, GPx activities and MDA levels between the WG group and the non-WG group at baseline and during the 12-week follow-up, it was found that after treatment, the SOD activity in the WG group increased while the MDA level decreased in the non-WG group. Moreover, baseline SOD and GPx activities were predictors of weight gain at 12-week follow-up. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the antioxidant defense system may have predictive value for the weight gain of ANFE SCZ patients after risperidone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Rui Yu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Yanan Gao
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Xirong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xiaoni Guan
- Peking University HuiLong Guan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China;
| | - Kosten Thomas
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,Texas;
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLong Guan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Tel: (86-10) 64879520; E-mail: ; Peking University HuiLong Guan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China; Tel: (86-10) 83024429; E-mail:
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Tel: (86-10) 64879520; E-mail: ; Peking University HuiLong Guan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China; Tel: (86-10) 83024429; E-mail:
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de Bartolomeis A, Vellucci L, Barone A, Manchia M, De Luca V, Iasevoli F, Correll CU. Clozapine's multiple cellular mechanisms: What do we know after more than fifty years? A systematic review and critical assessment of translational mechanisms relevant for innovative strategies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108236. [PMID: 35764175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost fifty years after its first introduction into clinical care, clozapine remains the only evidence-based pharmacological option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which affects approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia. Despite the long-time experience with clozapine, the specific mechanism of action (MOA) responsible for its superior efficacy among antipsychotics is still elusive, both at the receptor and intracellular signaling level. This systematic review is aimed at critically assessing the role and specific relevance of clozapine's multimodal actions, dissecting those mechanisms that under a translational perspective could shed light on molecular targets worth to be considered for further innovative antipsychotic development. In vivo and in vitro preclinical findings, supported by innovative techniques and methods, together with pharmacogenomic and in vivo functional studies, point to multiple and possibly overlapping MOAs. To better explore this crucial issue, the specific affinity for 5-HT2R, D1R, α2c, and muscarinic receptors, the relatively low occupancy at dopamine D2R, the interaction with receptor dimers, as well as the potential confounder effects resulting in biased ligand action, and lastly, the role of the moiety responsible for lipophilic and alkaline features of clozapine are highlighted. Finally, the role of transcription and protein changes at the synaptic level, and the possibility that clozapine can directly impact synaptic architecture are addressed. Although clozapine's exact MOAs that contribute to its unique efficacy and some of its severe adverse effects have not been fully understood, relevant information can be gleaned from recent mechanistic understandings that may help design much needed additional therapeutic strategies for TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
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The Influence of Selected Antipsychotic Drugs on Biochemical Aspects of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094621. [PMID: 35563011 PMCID: PMC9102502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potency of selected antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol (HAL), bromperidol (BRMP), benperidol (BNP), penfluridol (PNF), pimozide (PIM), quetiapine (QUET) and promazine (PROM)) on the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Binary mixtures of donepezil and antipsychotics produce an anti-BuChE effect, which was greater than either compound alone. The combination of rivastigmine and antipsychotic drugs (apart from PNF) enhanced AChE inhibition. The tested antipsychotics (excluding HAL and PNF) significantly reduce the early stage of Aβ aggregation. BRMP, PIM, QUET and PROM were found to substantially inhibit Aβ aggregation after a longer incubation time. A test of human erythrocytes hemolysis showed that short-term incubation of red blood cells (RBCs) with QUET resulted in decreased hemolysis. The antioxidative properties of antipsychotics were also proved in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC); all tested drugs were found to significantly increase cell viability. In the case of astrocytes, BNP, PNF, PIM and PROM showed antioxidant potential.
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Effects of antipsychotics on antioxidant defence system in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 309:114429. [PMID: 35150976 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Theory of oxidative stress is suggested in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. To determine the cause of impaired antioxidant defense system in schizophrenia, a meta-analysis was performed by selecting studies published from 1964 to 2021 from Pubmed and Scopus databases. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 and calculated effect sizes were compared between unmedicated and medicated patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Heterogeneity, publication bias assessments and subgroup analyses of drug-free and drug-naïve patients, and patients treated with atypical and typical antipsychotics were conducted. Subgroup analysis of confounding factors including age, gender, illness duration and patient status was also conducted. We found that glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was significantly decreased in all patients. Significantly lower catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and albumin (ALB) were found in unmedicated patients only. Both groups showed significantly weakened non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. Subgroup analyses indicated that weakened non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity may be associated with schizophrenia. Antioxidant status was more impaired in drug-free patients compared with other subgroups. This indicated that antipsychotics may improve antioxidant defense system. Although effect sizes were smaller, future studies may focus on the effect of antipsychotic discontinuation. In overall, schizophrenia was associated with impaired antioxidant defense system especially the non-enzymatic antioxidant system.
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Uehara T, Kurachi M, Kondo T, Abe H, Itoh H, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki M. Apocynin-Tandospirone Derivatives Suppress Methamphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion in Rats with Neonatal Exposure to Dizocilpine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030366. [PMID: 35330366 PMCID: PMC8951253 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates oxidative stress as a potential pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia. Accordingly, we synthesized new chemicals using apocynin and tandospirone as lead compounds (A-2, A-3 and A-4). These novel compounds decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in vitro and reversed decreases in glutathione levels in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats transiently exposed to MK-801, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, in the neonatal period. To determine whether A-2, A-3 and A-4 show behavioral effects associated with antipsychotic properties, the effects of these compounds on methamphetamine (MAP)-induced locomotor and vertical activity were examined in the model rats. A-2 and A-3, administered for 14 days around the puberty period, ameliorated MAP-induced hyperlocomotion in MK-801-treated rats in the post-puberty period, while A-4 suppressed MAP-induced vertical activity. These findings indicate that apocynin-tandospirone derivatives present anti-dopaminergic effects and may alleviate psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-286-2211 (ext. 3437); Fax: +81-76-286-3341
| | - Masayoshi Kurachi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (M.K.); (H.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan;
| | - Hiroko Itoh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (M.K.); (H.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan;
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (M.K.); (H.I.); (M.S.)
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10
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Goh XX, Tang PY, Tee SF. Blood-based oxidation markers in medicated and unmedicated schizophrenia patients: A meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 67:102932. [PMID: 34839098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactive species due to the effect of antipsychotics on oxidative stress may be involved in the development of schizophrenia. However, antipsychotics may have different direct antioxidant effects due to their chemical structures. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether the cause increased oxidant status in schizophrenia patients is due to the illness or induction by antipsychotics. Studies published from 1964 to 2021 were selected from Pubmed and Scopus databases. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2. Effect sizes were calculated and compared between unmedicated and medicated patients and healthy controls. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted on drug-free and drug-naïve patients, and patients treated with atypical and typical antipsychotics. We found that medicated patients had significantly higher malondialdehyde (MDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total oxidant status (TOS). Meanwhile, significantly increased plasma/serum MDA and nitric oxide (NO) were observed in unmedicated patients only. Higher lipid peroxidation in the drug-naïve group may be associated schizophrenia. However, both atypical and typical antipsychotics may worsen lipid peroxidation. Antipsychotic discontinuation in the drug-free group led to significantly increased plasma/serum NO, with larger effect size than the atypical antipsychotic group. In conclusion, medicated schizophrenia patients were more suffered from increased oxidative stress. Therefore, future study may focus on the mechanism of action of specific antipsychotic on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xin Goh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Pek Yee Tang
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Foon Tee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.
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11
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de Araújo FYR, Chaves Filho AJM, Nunes AM, de Oliveira GV, Gomes PXL, Vasconcelos GS, Carletti J, de Moraes MO, de Moraes ME, Vasconcelos SMM, de Sousa FCF, de Lucena DF, Macedo DS. Involvement of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and BDNF up-regulating properties in the antipsychotic-like effect of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet in mice: a comparative study with olanzapine. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2283-2297. [PMID: 34491479 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current drug therapy for schizophrenia effectively treats acute psychosis and its recurrence; however, this mental disorder's cognitive and negative symptoms are still poorly controlled. Antipsychotics present important side effects, such as weight gain and extrapyramidal effects. The essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAZ) leaves presents potential antipsychotic properties that need further preclinical investigation. Here, we determined EAOZ effects in preventing and reversing schizophrenia-like symptoms (positive, negative, and cognitive) induced by ketamine (KET) repeated administration in mice and putative neurobiological mechanisms related to this effect. We conducted the behavioral evaluations of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI), social interaction, and working memory (Y-maze task), and verified antioxidant (GSH, nitrite levels), anti-inflammatory [interleukin (IL)-6], and neurotrophic [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] effects of this oil in hippocampal tissue. The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ) was used as standard drug therapy. EOAZ, similarly to OLZ, prevented and reversed most KET-induced schizophrenia-like behavioral alterations, i.e., sensorimotor gating deficits and social impairment. EOAZ had a modest effect on the prevention of KET-associated working memory deficit. Compared to OLZ, EOAZ showed a more favorable side effects profile, inducing less cataleptic and weight gain changes. EOAZ efficiently protected the hippocampus against KET-induced oxidative imbalance, IL-6 increments, and BDNF impairment. In conclusion, our data add more mechanistic evidence for the anti-schizophrenia effects of EOAZ, based on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and BDNF up-regulating actions. The absence of significant side effects observed in current antipsychotic drug therapy seems to be an essential benefit of the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Yvelize Ramos de Araújo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriana Mary Nunes
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gersilene Valente de Oliveira
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Xavier Lima Gomes
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Germana Silva Vasconcelos
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Carletti
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete de Moraes
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - David Freitas de Lucena
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000, 60431-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Metabolic and behavioral effects of olanzapine and fluoxetine on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:917-929. [PMID: 34408550 PMCID: PMC8363109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of many psychotropic drugs (PDs) is associated with increased caloric intake, significant weight gain, and metabolic disorders. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been used to study the effects of PDs on food intake. However, little is known about PDs effects on the body fat of C. elegans. In C. elegans, feeding behavior and fat metabolism are regulated through independent mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate the body fat and food intake of C. elegans in response to treatment olanzapine and fluoxetine. Here we report that, with careful consideration to the dosage used, administration of fluoxetine and olanzapine increases body fat and food intake in C. elegans.
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Shared Biological Pathways between Antipsychotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Key Feature for Schizophrenia Preventive Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136881. [PMID: 34206945 PMCID: PMC8269187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia typically emerges during adolescence, with progression from an ultra-high risk state (UHR) to the first episode of psychosis (FEP) followed by a chronic phase. The detailed pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the factors leading to progression across these stages remain relatively unknown. The current treatment relies on antipsychotics, which are effective for FEP and chronic schizophrenia but ineffective for UHR patients. Antipsychotics modulate dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, oxidative stress, and membrane lipids pathways. Many of these biological pathways intercommunicate and play a role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. In this context, research of preventive treatment in early stages has explored the antipsychotic effects of omega-3 supplementation in UHR and FEP patients. This review summarizes the action of omega-3 in various biological systems involved in schizophrenia. Similar to antipsychotics, omega-3 supplementation reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, improves myelination, modifies the properties of cell membranes, and influences dopamine and glutamate pathways. Omega-3 supplementation also modulates one-carbon metabolism, the endocannabinoid system, and appears to present neuroprotective properties. Omega-3 has little side effects compared to antipsychotics and may be safely prescribed for UHR patients and as an add-on for FEP patients. This could to lead to more efficacious individualised treatments, thus contributing to precision medicine in psychiatry.
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14
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Ermakov EA, Dmitrieva EM, Parshukova DA, Kazantseva DV, Vasilieva AR, Smirnova LP. Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis and New Treatment Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8881770. [PMID: 33552387 PMCID: PMC7847339 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8881770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is recognized to be a highly heterogeneous disease at various levels, from genetics to clinical manifestations and treatment sensitivity. This heterogeneity is also reflected in the variety of oxidative stress-related mechanisms contributing to the phenotypic realization and manifestation of schizophrenia. At the molecular level, these mechanisms are supposed to include genetic causes that increase the susceptibility of individuals to oxidative stress and lead to gene expression dysregulation caused by abnormal regulation of redox-sensitive transcriptional factors, noncoding RNAs, and epigenetic mechanisms favored by environmental insults. These changes form the basis of the prooxidant state and lead to altered redox signaling related to glutathione deficiency and impaired expression and function of redox-sensitive transcriptional factors (Nrf2, NF-κB, FoxO, etc.). At the cellular level, these changes lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities that contribute to aberrant neuronal development, abnormal myelination, neurotransmitter anomalies, and dysfunction of parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Immune dysfunction also contributes to redox imbalance. At the whole-organism level, all these mechanisms ultimately contribute to the manifestation and development of schizophrenia. In this review, we consider oxidative stress-related mechanisms and new treatment perspectives associated with the correction of redox imbalance in schizophrenia. We suggest that not only antioxidants but also redox-regulated transcription factor-targeting drugs (including Nrf2 and FoxO activators or NF-κB inhibitors) have great promise in schizophrenia. But it is necessary to develop the stratification criteria of schizophrenia patients based on oxidative stress-related markers for the administration of redox-correcting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Ermakov
- Laboratory of Repair Enzymes, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena M. Dmitrieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - Daria A. Parshukova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | | | | | - Liudmila P. Smirnova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia
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15
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Allahgholipour SZ, Farzipour S, Ghasemi A, Asgarian-Omran H, Hosseinimehr SJ. The Radiosensitizing Effect of Olanzapine as an Antipsychotic Medication in Glioblastoma Cell. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 15:50-55. [PMID: 33494694 DOI: 10.2174/1874471014666210120100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is used as one of the most effective regimens for cancer treatment, while radioresistance is a major drawback in cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitizing effect of olanzapine (OLA) with X-ray on glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells death. METHODS The synergistic killing effect of OLA with ionizing radiation (IR) on glioma was evaluated by colony formation assay. The generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyl (PC) as oxidized protein were determined in OLA and irradiated cells. RESULTS The results of this study showed that OLA reduced the number of colonies in irradiated glioma cells. OLA elevated ROS and PC levels in irradiated cells. The synergistic killing effect of OLA with IR in U-87 MG cell was observed at concentrations 1 µM and 20 µM of OLA. The maximum radiosensitizing effect of OLA was observed at concentration of 20 µM. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that OLA has radiosensitizing effect on cell death induced by IR in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Allahgholipour
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
| | - Arash Ghasemi
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
| | - Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
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16
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Dietrich-Muszalska A, Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Nowak P. Comparative Study of the Effects of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs on Plasma and Urine Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenic Patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:555-565. [PMID: 33628026 PMCID: PMC7898201 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s283395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence that antipsychotic drugs (ADs) can affect oxidative stress estimated with various biomarkers in schizophrenic patients is controversial and limited. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the ability of six atypical ADs (clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, and ziprasidone) used in schizophrenia treatment to modulate oxidative damage to different biomolecules such as lipids and proteins. PATIENTS AND METHODS We measured the levels of oxidative stress markers in plasma and urine: total antioxidant capacity by FRAP (according to a modified method of Benzie & Strain), thiobarbituric acid reactive species - TBARS (spectrophotometric method), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) (OxiSelect™ HNE Adduct Competitive ELISA Kit), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) (OxiSelect™ Nitrotyrosine ELISA Kit) in plasma, and F2-isoprostanes (BIOXYTECH® Urinary 8-epi-Prostaglandin F2α) in the urine of 60 schizophrenic patients (before and after treatment) and in 30 healthy subjects. RESULTS Our results showed that in schizophrenic patients levels of lipid peroxidation markers (TBARS, F2-isoprostanes) were higher than in healthy subjects but FRAP in schizophrenic patients was lower than in healthy controls and increased after 4-week treatment with tested ADs. A 4-week treatment with ADs caused the improvement of psychopathology symptoms estimated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) that was accompanied by decreased lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes, TBARS; p=2.9x10-6, p=7.6x10-5, respectively) and an increase in total antioxidative capacity (FRAP) (p=5.16x10-16). CONCLUSION Atypical antipsychotics especially clozapine, olanzapine and quetiapine demonstrate the effective outcome of antipsychotic treatment, beneficial antioxidative action by reducing lipid peroxidation and increased total plasma antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dietrich-Muszalska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neurophysiology, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Pawel Nowak
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Lodz, Poland
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17
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Caruso G, Grasso M, Fidilio A, Tascedda F, Drago F, Caraci F. Antioxidant Properties of Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Focus on Microglia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120457. [PMID: 33322693 PMCID: PMC7764768 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a primary role of oxidative stress in an early phase of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and a strong neurobiological link has been found between dopaminergic system dysfunction, microglia overactivation, and oxidative stress. Different risk factors for schizophrenia increase oxidative stress phenomena raising the risk of developing psychosis. Oxidative stress induced by first-generation antipsychotics such as haloperidol significantly contributes to the development of extrapyramidal side effects. Haloperidol also exerts neurotoxic effects by decreasing antioxidant enzyme levels then worsening pro-oxidant events. Opposite to haloperidol, second-generation antipsychotics (or atypical antipsychotics) such as risperidone, clozapine, and olanzapine exert a strong antioxidant activity in experimental models of schizophrenia by rescuing the antioxidant system, with an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione (GSH) serum levels. Second-generation antipsychotics also improve the antioxidant status and reduce lipid peroxidation in schizophrenic patients. Interestingly, second-generation antipsychotics, such as risperidone, paliperidone, and in particular clozapine, reduce oxidative stress induced by microglia overactivation, decreasing the production of microglia-derived free radicals, finally protecting neurons against microglia-induced oxidative stress. Further, long-term clinical studies are needed to better understand the link between oxidative stress and the clinical response to antipsychotic drugs and the therapeutic potential of antioxidants to increase the response to antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.D.)
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.D.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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18
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Cui G, Qing Y, Hu X, Wang P, Sun L, Yang X, Jiang J, Zhang J, Wang H, Feng L, Shen Y, Qin S, Wan C. Serum Metabolomic Profiling Based on Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance-Mass Spectrometry: Do the Dysfunctions of Metabolic Pathways Reveal a Universal Risk of Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia? Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:679-688. [PMID: 32578452 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, disabling, and complex mental illness, of which the pathogenesis remains elusive. To provide clues for the pathogenesis and etiology of schizophrenia, we performed serum metabolic profiling in 54 patients with schizophrenia and 54 matched healthy controls using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry. Based on 94 differential metabolites identified, we discovered two dysregulated metabolic pathways in schizophrenia, including the upregulated arachidonic acid-related pathway and the downregulated aromatic amino acid-related pathway. Moreover, carnitine was identified as a promising diagnostic biomarker for schizophrenia with an area under the curve of 0.997. Given the antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of these altered metabolites, these results pointed to an imbalance of the redox homeostasis in schizophrenia, which was further confirmed by a remarkable elevation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a reactive oxidative stress marker. Furthermore, correlation analyses demonstrated that 8-OHdG was negatively correlated with antioxidant biliverdin and positively related to oxidation products, 9-hydroxylinoleic acid and o-tyrosine, and that total antioxidant capacity was positively associated with antioxidant acetylcarnitine in schizophrenia. Our results lead to the hypothesis that the disturbed metabolic characteristics reveal enhanced oxidative stress, which in turn results in the damage of lipids, proteins, and DNA and ultimately promotes the development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoping Cui
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengkun Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhan Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Shen
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Ribaudo G, Bortoli M, Pavan C, Zagotto G, Orian L. Antioxidant Potential of Psychotropic Drugs: From Clinical Evidence to In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment and toward a New Challenge for in Silico Molecular Design. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E714. [PMID: 32781750 PMCID: PMC7465375 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to high oxygen consumption, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which is considered an important element in the etiopathogenesis of several mental disorders, including schizophrenia, depression and dependencies. Despite the fact that it is not established yet whether oxidative stress is a cause or a consequence of clinic manifestations, the intake of antioxidant supplements in combination with the psychotropic therapy constitutes a valuable solution in patients' treatment. Anyway, some drugs possess antioxidant capacity themselves and this aspect is discussed in this review, focusing on antipsychotics and antidepressants. In the context of a collection of clinical observations, in vitro and in vivo results are critically reported, often highlighting controversial aspects. Finally, a new challenge is discussed, i.e., the possibility of assessing in silico the antioxidant potential of these drugs, exploiting computational chemistry methodologies and machine learning. Despite the physiological environment being incredibly complex and the detection of meaningful oxidative stress biomarkers being all but an easy task, a rigorous and systematic analysis of the structural and reactivity properties of antioxidant drugs seems to be a promising route to better interpret therapeutic outcomes and provide elements for the rational design of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Marco Bortoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Pavan
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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20
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Sokolova SV, Sozarukova MM, Khannanova AN, Grishina NK, Portnova GV, Proskurnina EV. [Antioxidant status in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:82-87. [PMID: 32678552 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012006182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the antioxidant profile of blood plasma in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-three patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 18 patients with AD were included in the study. Patients with schizophrenia were stratified into two subgroups by response to therapy. The indicators of the antioxidant profile were determined using methods based on chemiluminometry and spectrofluorimetry. RESULTS Systemic oxidative stress due to insufficiency of low molecular weight plasma antioxidants is not determined neither in AD nor in treatment resistant schizophrenia. At the same time, a «thiol» oxidative stress, which indirectly indicates a deficiency of the glutathione system, is present in both groups. In patients with paranoid schizophrenia responsive to treatment, systemic oxidative stress is more pronounced and «thiol» oxidative stress is less significant. Among the antipsychotics studied, haloperidol, zuclopenthixol, risperidone and ziprasidone do not exhibit antioxidant properties, but periciazine, clozapine and especially chlorpromazine exhibit strong antioxidant properties, but they unlikely affect the antioxidant potential of blood plasma. CONCLUSIONS The glutathione part of the antioxidant system is mostly affected, but systemic oxidative stress is not significant in patients with treatment resistant paranoid schizophrenia and AD. Oxidative disorders are more pronounced in treatment responsive paranoid schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Sokolova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Medical Research and Educational Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - M M Sozarukova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Khannanova
- Gilyarovsky Psychiatric Hospital, the branch of the Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4 of the Moscow Health Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - N K Grishina
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - G V Portnova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Wesołowska A, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Cios A, Partyka A. The preclinical discovery and development of paliperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:279-292. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1682994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wesołowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Cios
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Partyka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kraków, Poland
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22
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Asghari M, Shaghaghi Z, Farzipour S, Ghasemi A, Hosseinimehr SJ. Radioprotective effect of olanzapine as an anti-psychotic drug against genotoxicity and apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation on human lymphocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5909-5917. [PMID: 31407246 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLA), is prescribed as an anti-psychotic medicine in schizophrenia patients. In this study, the protective effect of OLA against genotoxicity and apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation in human healthy lymphocytes was evaluated. At first, the antioxidant activities of OLA were assayed by two different methods as free radical scavenging with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and ferric reducing power methods. In in vitro experiment, human blood samples were treated with OLA at various concentrations (0.25-20 μM) for 3 h and then were exposed to X-ray at a dose of 150 cGy. The genotoxicity was assessed in binucleated human lymphocytes with micronuclei assay. The apoptotic lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry in OLA treated and/or irradiated lymphocytes. OLA exhibited free radical scavenging and reducing power activities more than ascorbic acid. The results showed that the lymphocytes treated with OLA and later exposed to IR presented lower frequencies of micronuclei and apoptosis compared to the control sample which was irradiated and not treated to OLA. The maximum radioprotection was observed at 20 μM of OLA with 83% of efficacy. The present study suggested the protective role for OLA in protection radiation-induced genetic damage and apoptosis induced by ionizing irradiation in human normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asghari
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Clinical Development Research Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Arash Ghasemi
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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23
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Kim Y, Vadodaria KC, Lenkei Z, Kato T, Gage FH, Marchetto MC, Santos R. Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Redox Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:275-317. [PMID: 30585734 PMCID: PMC6602118 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms causing psychiatric disorders is modest, but genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are central to the etiology of these conditions. Autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder show genetic gene risk overlap and share symptoms and metabolic comorbidities. The identification of such common features may provide insights into the development of these disorders. Recent Advances: Multiple pieces of evidence suggest that brain energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions and redox balance are impaired to various degrees in psychiatric disorders. Since mitochondrial metabolism and redox signaling can integrate genetic and environmental environmental factors affecting the brain, it is possible that they are implicated in the etiology and progression of psychiatric disorders. Critical Issue: Evidence for direct links between cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and disease features are missing. Future Directions: A better understanding of the mitochondrial biology and its intracellular connections to the nuclear genome, the endoplasmic reticulum and signaling pathways, as well as its role in intercellular communication in the organism, is still needed. This review focuses on the findings that implicate mitochondrial dysfunction, the resultant metabolic changes and oxidative stress as important etiological factors in the context of psychiatric disorders. We also propose a model where specific pathophysiologies of psychiatric disorders depend on circuit-specific impairments of mitochondrial dysfunction and redox signaling at specific developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Kim
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea.,2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Krishna C Vadodaria
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- 3 Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR_S1266 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- 4 Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Fred H Gage
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Renata Santos
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.,3 Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR_S1266 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
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24
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Zhao QL, Ito H, Kondo T, Uehara T, Ikeda M, Abe H, Saitoh JI, Noguchi K, Suzuki M, Kurachi M. Antipsychotic drugs scavenge radiation-induced hydroxyl radicals and intracellular ROS formation, and protect apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:304-312. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1572889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Li Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ito
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ikeda
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Saitoh
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kurachi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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25
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Tendilla-Beltrán H, Antonio Vázquez-Roque R, Judith Vázquez-Hernández A, Garcés-Ramírez L, Flores G. Exploring the Dendritic Spine Pathology in a Schizophrenia-related Neurodevelopmental Animal Model. Neuroscience 2019; 396:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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An H, Du X, Huang X, Qi L, Jia Q, Yin G, Xiao C, Huang XF, Ning Y, Cassidy RM, Wang L, Soares JC, Zhang XY. Obesity, altered oxidative stress, and clinical correlates in chronic schizophrenia patients. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:258. [PMID: 30498208 PMCID: PMC6265271 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic pharmacotherapy is strongly obesogenic and is associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with schizophrenia. However, whether these changes reflect psychopathology, antipsychotic efficacy, or some other factor is not known. Our study aims to investigate the degree of oxidative stress in different BMI categories and to identify clinical symptomatology that may be paired with increased oxidative stress in a schizophrenia population. To this end, we performed a cross-sectional study and recruited 89 long-term inpatients with schizophrenia and collected the following variables: plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), routine biochemical analysis, and psychopathology through the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The results indicate that the levels of the lipid peroxidation product, MDA, were significantly higher in the high BMI group than the low (normal) BMI group. As expected, high BMI was associated with an atherogenic lipid profile; however, it was also associated with fewer psychopathological symptoms. Multiple regression analysis found that MDA levels, the PANSS general psychopathology subscore, and triglyceride levels (all p < 0.05) were independent contributors to the BMI in patients. These results suggested that oxidative stress may play an important role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Further investigations using the longitudinal design in first-episode schizophrenia patients are needed to explore the beneficial effect of antioxidants on the abnormal lipid metabolism mediated by antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei An
- 0000 0001 2256 9319grid.11135.37Beijing Hui-Long-Guan hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- 0000 0001 0198 0694grid.263761.7Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xingbing Huang
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Qi
- 0000 0001 2256 9319grid.11135.37Beijing Hui-Long-Guan hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiufang Jia
- 0000 0001 0198 0694grid.263761.7Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Guangzhong Yin
- 0000 0001 0198 0694grid.263761.7Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- 0000 0001 2256 9319grid.11135.37Beijing Hui-Long-Guan hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- 0000 0004 0486 528Xgrid.1007.6School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW2522 Australia
| | - Yuping Ning
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ryan M Cassidy
- 0000 0000 9206 2401grid.267308.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Li Wang
- 0000 0004 1797 8574grid.454868.3Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jair C. Soares
- 0000 0000 9206 2401grid.267308.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
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27
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Fukuyama K, Hasegawa T, Okada M. Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter and Aripiprazole Compensate NMDA Antagonist-Induced Dysfunction of Thalamocortical L-Glutamatergic Transmission. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113645. [PMID: 30463253 PMCID: PMC6274792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore pathophysiology of schizophrenia, this study analyzed the regulation mechanisms that are associated with cystine/glutamate antiporter (Sxc), group-II (II-mGluR), and group-III (III-mGluR) metabotropic glutamate-receptors in thalamo-cortical glutamatergic transmission of MK801-induced model using dual-probe microdialysis. L-glutamate release in medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC) was increased by systemic- and local mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MDTN) administrations of MK801, but was unaffected by local administration into mPFC. Perfusion into mPFC of activators of Sxc, II-mGluR, and III-mGluR, and into the MDTN of activators of Sxc, II-mGluR, and GABAA receptor inhibited MK801-evoked L-glutamate release in mPFC. Perfusion of aripiprazole (APZ) into MDTN and mPFC also inhibited systemic MK801-evoked L-glutamate release in mPFC. Inhibition of II-mGluR in mPFC and MDTN blocked inhibitory effects of Sxc-activator and APZ on MK801-evoked L-glutamate release; however, their inhibitory effects were blocked by the inhibition of III-mGluR in mPFC but not in MDTN. These results indicate that reduced activation of the glutamate/NMDA receptor (NMDAR) in MDTN enhanced L-glutamate release in mPFC possibly through GABAergic disinhibition in MDTN. Furthermore, MDTN-mPFC glutamatergic transmission receives inhibitory regulation of Sxc/II-mGluR/III-mGluR functional complex in mPFC and Sxc/II-mGluR complex in MDTN. Established antipsychotic, APZ inhibits MK801-evoked L-glutamate release through the activation of Sxc/mGluRs functional complexes in both MDTN and mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Fukuyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Toshiki Hasegawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Mie University Hospital, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Mie University Hospital, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
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28
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Yadav M, Parle M, Sharma N, Jindal DK, Bhidhasra A, Dhingra MS, Kumar A, Dhingra S. Protective effects of Spinacia oleracea seeds extract in an experimental model of schizophrenia: Possible behavior, biochemical, neurochemical and cellular alterations. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1015-1025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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29
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Hendouei N, Farnia S, Mohseni F, Salehi A, Bagheri M, Shadfar F, Barzegar F, Hoseini SD, Charati JY, Shaki F. Alterations in oxidative stress markers and its correlation with clinical findings in schizophrenic patients consuming perphenazine, clozapine and risperidone. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:965-972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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30
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Lei K, He GF, Zhang CL, Liu YN, Li J, He GZ, Li XP, Ren XH, Liu D. Investigation of the synergistic effects of haloperidol combined with Calculus Bovis Sativus in treating MK-801-induced schizophrenia in rats. Exp Anim 2018; 67:163-173. [PMID: 29225304 PMCID: PMC5955748 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies that focused on treating schizophrenia showed that Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS), a substitute of Calculus Bovis, when used in combination with haloperidol could significantly lower the dosage of haloperidol compared with treatment with haloperidol alone, whereas efficacy was maintained. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergetic anti-schizophrenia effects in rats using CBS in combination with haloperidol. An open field test was conducted to verify the pharmacodynamic effects of a combination treatment of CBS and haloperidol on MK-801-induced schizophrenic rats. Rat plasma concentrations of intragastric haloperidol and intravenous haloperidol were determined after oral administration of a single dose or 1-week of pretreatment with CBS (50 mg/kg). The pharmacodynamic data showed a significant decrease in locomotor activity and an increase in the percentage of the central distance when haloperidol was concomitantly administered with CBS compared with haloperidol administration alone. The AUC0-∞ and Cmax of haloperidol in the orally coadministered groups were significantly higher compared with the oral treatment with haloperidol alone. In conclusion, oral coadministration of CBS with haloperidol resulted in a synergistic effect in rats. The enhanced oral bioavailability of haloperidol when combined with CBS might be attributed to the interaction between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Fang He
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Zhao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, 68 Honghe Road, Xinbei District, Changzhou 213032, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Hua Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
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31
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Dietrich-Muszalska A, Kolińska-Łukaszuk J. Comparative effects of aripiprazole and selected antipsychotic drugs on lipid peroxidation in plasma. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:329-336. [PMID: 29280533 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a new antipsychotic, aripiprazole (unique due to its mechanism of action), with the effects of selected antipsychotic drugs, such as quetiapine, olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone (at the final concentrations corresponding to clinically effective doses used for the treatment of acute episodes of schizophrenia) on lipid peroxidation in human plasma measured by the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which is a marker of oxidative stress. METHODS The levels of TBARS were measured spectrophotometrically, according to the modification of the Rice-Evans method. RESULTS Our results indicate that antipsychotics at doses recommended for the treatment of acute episodes of schizophrenia may induce distinct changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) in plasma. Aripiprazole had no effect on the level of a lipid peroxidation marker in plasma, although used at lower doses it showed insignificant prooxidative properties similar to clozapine. Quetiapine had the strongest antioxidant properties, contrary to prooxidative action of risperidone, ziprasidone or haloperidol, and clozapine at lower doses. Olanzapine reduced the level of TBARS in plasma only at a lower dose. CONCLUSION Antipsychotics at doses recommended for the treatment of acute episode in schizophrenia may induce the distinct changes in plasma lipid peroxidation. Aripiprazole did not induce significant changes in plasma lipid peroxidation. In further studies, the role of oxidative stress in schizophrenic patients together with their clinical symptomatology and use of antipsychotics should be taken into account.
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32
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Todorović N, Filipović D. The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of fluoxetine and clozapine in chronically isolated rats involve inhibition of hippocampal TNF-α. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 163:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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33
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Stanisavljevic A, Peric I, Pantelic M, Filipovic DM. Olanzapine alleviates oxidative stress in the liver of socially isolated rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:634-640. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug, is used to treat depressive disorder, but its effects on the liver, the main site of drug metabolism, still remain elusive. We studied the effects of 3 weeks of olanzapine treatment (7.5 mg/kg per day) on the malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) contents, protein expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), and activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as catalase (CAT) protein expression and activity levels in the liver cytosol of rats exposed to 6 weeks of chronic social isolation (CSIS), which causes depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. Increased cytosolic MDA in CSIS rats (vehicle- or olanzapine-treated) indicated hepatic oxidative stress. Increase in PCO and CAT activity associated with unchanged total SOD activity following CSIS also confirm the presence of oxidative stress. Chronic olanzapine treatment in CSIS prevented increase in PCO without an effect on MDA content. Increased SOD activity in olanzapine-treated (controls and CSIS) groups compared with corresponding vehicle-treated groups and decreased CAT activity in olanzapine-treated CSIS rats compared with vehicle-treated CSIS group was found. The data suggest that chronic olanzapine treatment has a protective effect on hepatic protein oxidation and improves antioxidant defense. The beneficial effects of olanzapine may be due to its free radical scavenging properties and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Stanisavljevic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Peric
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pantelic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana M. Filipovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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