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Majumdar A, Avishek K. Assessing heavy metal and physiochemical pollution load of Danro River and its management using floating bed remediation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9885. [PMID: 38688947 PMCID: PMC11061306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
River Danro in Garhwa (India) plays a vital role as a significant source of surface water and a crucial tributary of the North Koel River, ultimately joining the Ganga River Basin. Serving both urban-industrial and rural areas, the region faces challenges, including sand mining near Belchampa Ghat. This study aimed to assess physicochemical and heavy metals pollution at nine sampling locations, utilizing the Overall Index of Pollution (OIP), Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI), and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI). OIP values indicated excellent surface water quality (0.71) in non-monsoon and slight pollution (6.28) in monsoon. NPI ranged from 0.10 to 1.74 in non-monsoon and from 0.22 (clean) to 27.15 (heavily polluted) in monsoon. HPI results suggested groundwater contamination, particularly by lead. Principal component analysis (PCA) and geospatial mapping showed similar outcomes, highlighting the influence of adjacent land use on water quality. Recognizing the significance of the Danro River in sustaining life, livelihoods, and economic growth, the study recommends implementing measures like floating bed remediation and regulatory actions for effective river management. The study acknowledges weaknesses in the current practical assessment methods for water contamination. These weaknesses make it difficult to put plans for cleaning up and controlling contamination into action. Because of this, future research on developing new in-place remediation techniques should focus on creating better ways to measure how effective the cleanup is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Majumdar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kirti Avishek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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Jung YY, Choi SH, Choi M, Bong YS, Park MY, Lee KS, Shin WJ. Acid mine drainage and smelter-derived sources affecting water geochemistry in the upper Nakdong River, South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163353. [PMID: 37023824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Both the smelter and acid mine drainage (AMD) in uppermost streams impact water geochemistry and deteriorate water quality. Efficient water quality management requires identifying the contribution of each source to stream water geochemistry. In this study, we aimed to determine the natural and anthropogenic sources (AMD and smelting) affecting water geochemistry by considering seasonality. Water samples were collected, from May 2020 to April 2021, in a main channel (Nakdong River) and tributaries in a small watershed including mines and smelters. The watershed is characterized by a carbonate-rich area in the upper-middle reaches and silicate-rich area in the middle-lower reaches. On the plots of Ca/Na vs. Mg/Na and 2(Ca + Mg) vs. HCO3 + 2SO4, the water geochemistry was predominantly explained by the carbonate and silicate weathering associated with sulfuric and carbonic acids. According to typical δ15N values for sources, nitrate contribution from soil-N mainly impacted water geochemistry, regardless of seasonality; the contribution from agricultural activity and sewage was negligible. Water geochemistry in the main channel samples was discriminated before and after passing through the smelter. The effects of the smelter were evident in elevated SO4, Zn, and Tl concentrations and in δ66Zn values; this was further supported by the relationships between Cl/HCO3 and SO4/HCO3 and between δ66Zn and Zn. These results were pronounced during winter, when the flush-out effect was absent. Our results suggest that multi-isotopes and chemical composition analyses can trace multiple sources influencing the water geochemistry in watersheds containing AMD and smelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Young Jung
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Choi
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Moojin Choi
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Bong
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yeong Park
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea.
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Ren K, Zeng J, Liang J, Yuan D, Jiao Y, Peng C, Pan X. Impacts of acid mine drainage on karst aquifers: Evidence from hydrogeochemistry, stable sulfur and oxygen isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143223. [PMID: 33160668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of karst aquifers by acid mine drainage (AMD) waters is increasing. Major and minor ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, SO42-, F-, and Fe), stable sulfur and oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfates (δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4) and oxygen isotope of water (δ18OH2O), were analyzed in rainwater, surface water, groundwater, and AMD water sampled from the Babu subterranean stream watershed, in Southwest China. The principal aim of this study was to explore the impact of AMD waters on the evolution of karst aquifers. Based on hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes (δ18OH2O, δ18OSO4 and δ34SSO4): (1) the chemistry of AMD waters was primarily controlled by pyrite oxidation, karst conduit water by AMD waters and mixing with calcite and dolomite dissolution, and spring water by atmospheric precipitation and carbonate dissolution; (2) contamination of the karst conduit water was mainly attributed to the input of AMD waters, resulting in a shift of δ34SSO4 towards more negative values (from 3.4‰ to -13.2‰); (3) the quality of karst conduit water changed from suitable to unsuitable for irrigation and drinking, particularly due to the increase in total Fe, SO42-, and F- concentrations, reflecting the cumulative effect of AMD waters derived from tailings dumps; this influence was enhanced during rainstorm/drought and anthropogenic activities; and (4) the flow of contaminated groundwater through the conduit promoted the dissolution of carbonates, especially during the dry season due to the greater proportion of AMD in the groundwater. This released more CO2 to the atmosphere. We believe that analysis of stable isotopes (δ18OH2O, δ18OSO4, and δ34SSO4), combined with hydrogeochemistry, is effective for exploring the impact of AMD on karst aquifers. Therefore, reasonable treatment methods should be taken to reduce the negative impacts of tailings dumps on karst aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ren
- Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiapeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Daoxian Yuan
- Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Youjun Jiao
- Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China.
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Li X, Wu P, Han Z, Zha X, Ye H, Qin Y. Effects of mining activities on evolution of water quality of karst waters in Midwestern Guizhou, China: evidences from hydrochemistry and isotopic composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1220-1230. [PMID: 29082473 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zhijin coal-mining district, located in Midwestern Guizhou Province, has been extensively exploited for several decades. The discharge of acid mine drainage (AMD) has constituted a serious threat to local water environmental quality, which greatly affected the normal use of local people. The Permian limestone aquifer is the essential potable water supply for local people, which covered under the widely distributed coal seams. To investigate the origin of the water, the evolutionary processes, and the sources of dissolved sulfate in the karst waters, the mine water, surface water, and groundwater near the coal mines were sampled for stable isotopes (H, O, and S) and conventional hydrochemical analysis. The results of hydrochemistry and isotopic composition indicate that the regional surface water and partial karst groundwater are obviously affected by coal-mining activities, which is mainly manifested in the increase of water solute concentration and the change of hydrochemical types. The isotopic composition of δ2HH2O and δ18OH2O indicates that the major recharge source of surface water and the groundwater is atmospheric precipitation and that it is influenced obviously by evaporation in the recharge process. The surface water is mainly controlled by the oxidation of pyrite, as well as the dissolution of carbonate rocks, whereas that of natural karst waters is influenced by the dissolution of carbonate rocks. The resulting δ34SSO4 values suggest that the dissolved sulfate source in the surface water is mainly pyrite oxidation but atmospheric precipitation for the karst groundwater. Given the similar chemistry and isotopic composition between surface water and partial groundwater, it is reasonable to assume that most of the dissolved sulfate source in part of the groundwater was derived through the oxidation of pyrite in the coal. Furthermore, the contamination of the surface water and partial groundwater from the coal seam has occurred distinctly in the catchment, which is enriched in SO42- and is mostly depleted δ34S in sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexian Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
- Key laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Zhiwei Han
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xuefang Zha
- Key laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Huijun Ye
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yingji Qin
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
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