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Zhai Y, Han Y, Lu H, Du Q, Xia X, Teng Y, Zuo R, Wang J. Interactions between anthropogenic pollutants (biodegradable organic nitrogen and ammonia) and the primary hydrogeochemical component Mn in groundwater: Evidence from three polluted sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152162. [PMID: 34875327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollutants (organic nitrogen and ammonia) can change the dynamic balances of hydrogeochemical components of groundwater, and this can affect the fates of the pollutants and groundwater quality. The aim of this paper is to assess the long-term impact of pollutants on groundwater component concentrations and species in three sites that has been polluted with illegal discharge wastewater containing organic nitrogen and ammonia, in order to reveal the interactions between nitrogen species and Mn. We analyzed semi-monthly groundwater data from three sites in northwestern China over a long period of time (2015-2020) by using statistical analyses, correlation analyses, and a correlation co-occurrence network method. The results showed that wastewater entering groundwater from surface changed the hydrogeochemical component concentrations and species significantly. The main form of inorganic nitrogen species changed from nitrate to ammonia. The Mn concentration increased from undetectable (<0.01 mg/L) to 1.64 mg/L (the maximum), which surpassed the guideline value suggested by China and WHO. The main mechanism for Mn increase is the reductive dissolution of Mn oxide caused by the oxidation of organic nitrogen. Mn‑nitrogen species interaction complicates the transformation of nitrogen components. Chemoautotrophic denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) mediated by Mn are the major mechanisms of nitrate attenuation when dissolved oxygen is greater than 2 mg/L. Mn oxides reductive dissolution and reoxidation of Mn by nitrate reduction cause Mn to circulate in groundwater. The results provide field evidence for interactions between nitrogen species transformation and Mn cycle in groundwater. This has important implications for pollution management and groundwater remediation, particularly monitored natural attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Zhai
- Engineering Research Center for Groundwater Pollution Control, Remediation of Ministry of Education of China, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Engineering Research Center for Groundwater Pollution Control, Remediation of Ministry of Education of China, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Engineering Research Center for Groundwater Pollution Control, Remediation of Ministry of Education of China, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Qingqing Du
- Engineering Research Center for Groundwater Pollution Control, Remediation of Ministry of Education of China, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuelian Xia
- Engineering Research Center for Groundwater Pollution Control, Remediation of Ministry of Education of China, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanguo Teng
- Engineering Research Center for Groundwater Pollution Control, Remediation of Ministry of Education of China, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Engineering Research Center for Groundwater Pollution Control, Remediation of Ministry of Education of China, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Groundwater Pollution Control, Remediation of Ministry of Education of China, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Nunes MA, Aravena R, Parker BL. Geochemical and isotopic evidence for pumping-induced impacts to bedrock groundwater quality in the City of Guelph, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149359. [PMID: 34399344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater can be a key water resource in urban environments, providing a source of freshwater for community needs. The City of Guelph relies on groundwater for a population of over 130,000 people. Thus, groundwater quality is a critical component of long-term water management. This study assesses the effect of urban, industrial and agriculture activities on groundwater quality using a suite of multidisciplinary methods including geological, hydrological, geochemical, and isotopic tools. Multi-level systems (with depth-discrete ports), conventional well clusters, and municipal production wells were used to monitor hydraulic head and collect groundwater samples. Geochemical and isotopic measurements included redox parameters, major anions and cations, VOC, tritium and δ34S and δ18O in sulfate. Hydraulic head data show vertical gradient profiles characteristic of a multi-layered flow system within a shallow and deep Silurian bedrock aquifer and an intermediate aquitard varying in occurrence. Head loss disappears near production wells, showing enhanced vertical hydraulic connectivity between shallow and deep aquifers, attributed to pumping and long open intervals. Hydrochemical data show no impact of nitrate and high chloride is observed in the shallow and deep aquifer, attributed to seasonal road salt and the underlying aquitard unit, respectively. The aquitard unit also control the high sulfate in the deep aquifer which is supported by the isotope data on sulfate. Facilitated transport of shallow groundwater into the deeper aquifer is supported by the tritium data, showing the presence of recent groundwater throughout the whole depth of the two aquifers in some areas, likely due to the varying aquitard presence and enhanced vertical flow due to proximity from pumping municipal wells and active rock quarry. The results of this research suggest long term implications for groundwater resource management of sedimentary bedrock aquifers, where there is increasing groundwater demand due to population growth and potential for continual water quality degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Nunes
- Morwick G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering & Physical Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - R Aravena
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - B L Parker
- Morwick G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering & Physical Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Herren LW, Brewton RA, Wilking LE, Tarnowski ME, Vogel MA, Lapointe BE. Septic systems drive nutrient enrichment of groundwaters and eutrophication in the urbanized Indian River Lagoon, Florida. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112928. [PMID: 34706476 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Effluent from septic systems can pollute groundwater and surface waters in coastal watersheds. These effects are unknown for the highly urbanized central Indian River Lagoon (CIRL), Florida, where septic systems represent > 50% of wastewater disposal. To better understand these impacts, water quality was assessed along both canals and a tributary that drain into the CIRL. Dissolved nutrient concentrations were higher near septic systems than in natural areas. δ15N values of groundwater (+7.2‰), surface water (+5.5‰), and macrophytes (+9.7‰) were within the range for wastewater (>+3‰), as were surface water concentrations of the artificial sweetener sucralose (100 to 1700 ng/L) and fecal indicator bacteria density. These results indicate that septic systems are promoting eutrophication in the CIRL by contributing nutrient pollution to surface water via groundwater. This study demonstrates the need to reduce reliance on septic systems in urbanized coastal communities to improve water quality and subsequently mitigate harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Herren
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US-1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - R A Brewton
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US-1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA.
| | - L E Wilking
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US-1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - M E Tarnowski
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US-1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA; Merck, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - M A Vogel
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US-1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA; Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 14 UZA I Biozentrum Althanstrasse, Althanstraße, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - B E Lapointe
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US-1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
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Robertson WD, Van Stempvoort DR, Schiff SL. Nitrogen Attenuation in Septic System Plumes. GROUND WATER 2021; 59:369-380. [PMID: 33314044 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of inorganic nitrogen is assessed in a set of 21 septic system plumes located in Ontario, Canada, that were studied over a 31-year period from 1988 to 2019. In the plume zones underlying the drainfields, site mean NO3 - values averaged 34 ± 27 mg N/L and exceeded the nitrate drinking water limit (DWL) of 10 mg N/L at 16 of 21 sites. In plume zones extending up to 30 m downgradient from the drainfields, site mean NO3 - values averaged 24 ± 20 mg N/L and exceeded the DWL at 9 of 13 sites. Site mean total inorganic nitrogen (TIN; NH4 + + NO3 - - N) removal averaged 34 ± 26% in the drainfield zones and 36 ± 44% in the downgradient plume zones, indicating that much of the removal occurred within the drainfields. Removal was much higher at nine sites where drainfield TIN included >10% NH4 + (62 ± 25% removal). TIN removal was not correlated with wastewater loading rate, system age, or sediment carbonate mineral content, but was correlated with water table depth, where shallower water table sites had generally less complete wastewater oxidation. At many of these sites, both NO3 - and NH4 + were present together in the plumes and were lost concomitantly, suggesting that the anammox reaction was making an important contribution to the observed TIN loss. When groundwater nitrate contamination is a concern, considering on-site treatment system designs that lead to a lesser degree of wastewater oxidation, could be a useful approach for enhancing N removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Robertson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dale R Van Stempvoort
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sherry L Schiff
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Potential Sources of Ammonium-Nitrogen in the Coastal Groundwater Determined from a Combined Analysis of Nitrogen Isotope, Biological and Geological Parameters, and Land Use. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The origin of ammonium-nitrogen in Indonesian coastal groundwater has not been intensively examined, meanwhile the elevated concentration remains a concern. This research aims at tracing the potential sources of ammonium-nitrogen in the groundwater of Indramayu, Indonesia where groundwater is vital for livelihood. From results, a combined examination of nitrogen isotope, coliform bacteria, land-use, and geology confirmed the natural and anthropogenic origins of ammonium-nitrogen in the groundwater. In the brackish-water aquaculture region, groundwater has δ15NNH4 values from +1.8 to +4.8‰ signifying that ammonium-nitrogen is derived from mineralization of organic nitrogen to ammonium. Furthermore, ammonium has a significantly positive relationship with sodium indicating the exchangeable ammonium is mobilized to groundwater via cation exchange. Meanwhile ammonium-nitrogen from anthropogenic waste was detected in agricultural and residential region. The groundwater has more varied δ15NNH4 values, from −2.9 to +16.1‰, which implies attenuation of ammonium-nitrogen from several sources namely manure, mineral fertilizer, sewage, and pit latrines. Also, the presence of E. coli confirms the indication of human and animal waste contamination. However, since ammonium has no relationship with sodium, cation exchange is not feasible and ammonium-nitrogen flows into the groundwater from anthropogenic sources along with liquid wastes.
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Adelana SM, Heaven MW, Dresel PE, Giri K, Holmberg M, Croatto G, Webb J. Controls on species distribution and biogeochemical cycling in nitrate-contaminated groundwater and surface water, southeastern Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138426. [PMID: 32320873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of groundwater and surface water nitrate over four seasons across an area of varied landuse provided insights into the mechanisms that underlie accumulation and transport of nitrate. High nitrate concentrations found in a significant percentage of surface water and shallow groundwater samples are due to anthropogenic contamination. Statistics (PCA, ANOVA, parsimonious model and general linear regression) were used to explore the relationship between NO3- and land use, and confirmed that areas of high NO3- concentration are associated with dairy pasture and horticulture. Seasonally, NO3- levels are greater during winter, the wettest part of the year. Values of δ15N showed that most nitrate is sourced from livestock waste, with a smaller contribution from synthetic fertilizer. Direct wash-off of animal waste from dairy farms results in higher NO3- concentrations in surface water than in groundwater. Denitrification is an important NO3- attenuation mechanism which reduces NO3- to NH4, as demonstrated by the PCA analysis, which showed positive correlation of NO3- concentrations with dissolved oxygen and negative correlations with NH4+, Fe2+and Mn2+; the latter two species may act as the electron donors necessary for reduction of NO3-. The often high NO3- concentrations in shallow groundwater are decreased by denitrification, which can occur at relatively shallow depths (<3 m). The relatively small NO3- concentrations in deeper groundwater are due partly to denitrification, but more to originally lower NO3- concentrations, as the age of deeper groundwater shows that it was recharged before agriculture was established in the study area. Overall, the study demonstrates the usefulness of hydrogeochemical characterisation and multivariate statistics in the evaluation of impacts of agricultural land-use on regional N cycling. In particular, the results show that efforts to mitigate NO3- pollution from farms should concentrate more on wash-off of animal waste than the contribution of nitrogenous synthetic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michael Adelana
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Michael W Heaven
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 1301 Hazeldean Road, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
| | - P Evan Dresel
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Cnr Taylor Street & Midland Highway, Bendigo, Victoria 3554, Australia
| | - Khageswor Giri
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Mark Holmberg
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Cnr Taylor Street & Midland Highway, Bendigo, Victoria 3554, Australia
| | - George Croatto
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Terrace 4 Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, Victoria 3085, Australia
| | - John Webb
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Bioelectrochemical Systems for Groundwater Remediation: The Development Trend and Research Front Revealed by Bibliometric Analysis. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
: Due to the deficiency of fresh water resources and the deterioration of groundwater quality worldwide, groundwater remedial technologies are especially crucial for preventing groundwater pollution and protecting the precious groundwater resource. Among the remedial alternatives, bioelectrochemical systems have unique advantages on both economic and technological aspects. However, it is rare to see a deep study focused on the information mining and visualization of the publications in this field, and research that can reveal and visualize the development trajectory and trends is scarce. Therefore, this study summarizes the published information in this field from the Web of Science Core Collection of the last two decades (1999–2018) and uses Citespace to quantitatively visualize the relationship of authors, published countries, organizations, funding sources, and journals and detect the research front by analyzing keywords and burst terms. The results indicate that the studies focused on bioelectrochemical systems for groundwater remediation have had a significant increase during the last two decades, especially in China, Germany and Italy. The national research institutes and universities of the USA and the countries mentioned above dominate the research. Environmental Science & Technology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, and Water Research are the most published journals in this field. The network maps of the keywords and burst terms suggest that reductive microbial diversity, electron transfer, microbial fuel cell, etc., are the research hotspots in recent years, and studies focused on microbial enrichment culture, energy supply/recovery, combined pollution remediation, etc., should be enhanced in future.
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Reactive and Mixing Processes Governing Ammonium and Nitrate Coexistence in a Polluted Coastal Aquifer. GEOSCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences8060210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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