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Yao K, Huang X, Dong W, Wang F, Liu X, Yan Y, Qu Y, Fu Y. Changes of nitrogen and phosphorus removal pattern caused by alternating aerobic/anoxia from the perspective of microbial characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:68863-68876. [PMID: 37129825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of different numbers of alternating aerobic/anoxic (A/O) cycles on pollutant removal. Three sequential batch reactors (SBRs) with varying numbers of alternating A/O cycles were established. Under the tertiary anoxic operating conditions, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were 88.73%, 89.56%, 72.15%, and 77.61%, respectively. Besides, alternating A/O affected the dominant microbial community relative abundance (Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) and increased microbial richness and diversity. It also increased the relative abundance of aerobic denitrifying, heterotrophic nitrifying, and denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria to change N and P removal patterns. Furthermore, the abundance of carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism was improved by alternating A/O to improve organic matter and TN removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenyi Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fupeng Wang
- Northeast China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xueyong Liu
- Northeast China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jilin, 130021, China
- Urban and Rural Water Environment Technology R&D Center, China Communications Construction Co. Ltd, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Northeast China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jilin, 130021, China
- Urban and Rural Water Environment Technology R&D Center, China Communications Construction Co. Ltd, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yanhui Qu
- China Urban and Rural Holdings Group Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yicheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of River Basin Water Cycle, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
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2
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Ma Q, Pang M, Pang Y, Zhang L, Huang Z. Arrhenius equation construction and nitrate source identification of denitrification at the Lake Taihu sediment - water interface with 15 N isotope. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65702-65711. [PMID: 37093390 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Total nitrogen in Taihu Lake, China has gradually decreased since 2015 while the total phosphorus concentration has exhibited an increasing trend, indicating an asynchronous change. The dominant nitrogen removal process in freshwater ecosystems is denitrification which primarily occurs at the sediment-water interface. In this study, 15 N isotope incubation experiments were attempted to analyze the effect of water temperature on denitrification, to construct the regional denitrification Arrhenius equations considering water temperature, and to identify the nitrate source of denitrification in Lake Taihu sediments. The results indicated that the potential N2 production rates and denitrification rates generally decreased in the west to east direction, which was significantly positively correlated with the nitrate concentration of overlying water by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis (P < 0.05). In addition, when the water temperature was lower than 30 °C, the rates of the potential N2 production and denitrification were higher with an increase in water temperature, but when the water temperature was overhigh, denitrification was inhibited. The ratio of the total denitrification rate of nitrate from the water column in the sediment to the total denitrification rate during the incubation experiment was above 0.5 at each sampling site. This indicated that the denitrification in the Lake Taihu sediment primarily occurred at the expense of nitrate from the water column. The research results of Arrhenius equation construction and nitrate source identification of denitization can be applied to improve the accuracy of water quality model of Taihu Lake, which is of great significance to improve Taihu Lake water quality, and can act as a reference for the water environment treatment of other shallow eutrophic lakes in China and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Ma
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Min Pang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yong Pang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhilin Huang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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3
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Kaown D, Koh DC, Mayer B, Mahlknecht J, Ju Y, Rhee SK, Kim JH, Park DK, Park I, Lee HL, Yoon YY, Lee KK. Estimation of nutrient sources and fate in groundwater near a large weir-regulated river using multiple isotopes and microbial signatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130703. [PMID: 36587594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The excessive input of nutrients into groundwater can accelerate eutrophication in associated surface water systems. This study combined hydrogeochemistry, multi isotope tracers, and microbiological data to estimate nutrient sources and the effects of groundwater-surface water interactions on the spatiotemporal variation of nutrients in groundwater connected to a large weir-regulated river in South Korea. δ11B and δ15N-NO3- values, in combination with a Bayesian mixing model, revealed that manure and sewage contributed 40 % and 25 % respectively to groundwater nitrate, and 42 % and 27 % to nitrate in surface water during the wet season. In the dry season, the source apportionment was similar for groundwater while the sewage contribution increased to 52 % of nitrate in river water. River water displayed a high correlation between NO3- concentration and cyanobacteria (Microcystis and Prochlorococcus) in the wet season. The mixing model using multiple isotopes indicated that manure-derived nutrients delivered with increased contributions of groundwater to the river during the wet season governed the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in the river. We postulate that the integrated approach using multi-isotopic and microbiological data is highly effective for evaluating nutrient sources and for delineating hydrological interactions between groundwater and surface water, as well as for investigating surface water quality including eutrophication in riverine and other surface water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Chan Koh
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - YeoJin Ju
- Radioactive Waste Disposal Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Keun Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyu Park
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Inwoo Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Yeol Yoon
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
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Ke T, Zhang D, Guo H, Xiu W, Zhao Y. Geogenic arsenic and arsenotrophic microbiome in groundwater from the Hetao Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158549. [PMID: 36075436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High arsenic (As) in groundwater is an environmental issue of global concern, which is closely related to microbe-mediated As biogeochemical cycling. However, the distribution of genes related to As cycling and underlying microbial As biogeochemical processes in high As groundwater remain elusive. Hence, we profiled the As cycling genes (arsC, arrA, and aioA genes) and indigenous microbial communities in groundwater from a typical high As area, the Hetao Basin from China, using amplicon sequencing and qPCR techniques. Here, we revealed the significant difference in microbial community structure between low As groundwater samples (LG) and high As groundwater samples (HG). Acinetobacter, Thiovirga, Hydrogenophaga, and Sulfurimonas were dominant in LG, while Aquabcterium, Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Desulfomicrobium, Hydrogenophaga, and Nitrospira were predominant in HG. Shannon and Chao indices of the microbial communities in HG were significantly higher than those of in LG. Alpha diversity and abundance of arsC and arrA genes were higher than those of aioA genes. The significant positive correlation was uncovered between the abundances of arsC and aioA genes, suggesting the cooccurrence of As functional genes in groundwater. Sphingopyxis, Agrobacterium, Klebsiella, Hoeflea, and Aeromonas represented the dominant taxa within the As (V) reducers communities. Distance-based redundancy analysis showed that ORP, pH, Astot, Mn, and DOC were the key factors shaping the diverse microbial populations, while ORP, S2-, As(III), Fe(II), NH4+, pH, Mn, SO42-, As(V), temperature, and P as the main drivers affecting arsenotrophic microbiota. This work provides an insight into microbial communities linked to As biogeochemical processes in high As groundwater, playing a fundamental role in groundwater As cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Ke
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Huaming Guo
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wei L, Li M, Zhu W, Zhu L. Spatiotemporal correlations between water quality and microbial community of typical inflow river into Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63722-63734. [PMID: 35460482 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Changxing River, which is a typical inflow river into Taihu Lake and occurs severe algae invasion, is selected to study the effect of different pollution sources on the water quality and ecological system. Four types of pollution sources, including the estuary of Taihu Lake, discharge outlets of urban wastewater treatment plants, stormwater outlets, and nonpoint source agricultural drainage areas, were chosen, and next-generation sequencing and multivariate statistical analyses were used to characterize the microbial communities and reveal their relationship with water physicochemical properties. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were the main pollutants in Changxing River, especially at stormwater outlets. At the same time, the diversity of microbial communities was the highest in the summer, and dominant microbes included Proteobacteria (40.9%), Bacteroidetes (21.0%), and Euryarchaeota (6.1%). The results of BIOENV analysis showed that the major seasonal differences in the diversity of microbial community of Changxing river were explained by the combination of water temperature (T), air pressure (P), TP, and CODMn. From the perspective of different pollution types, relative abundances of Microcystis and Nostocaceae at the estuary of Taihu Lake were correlated positively with dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH, and relative abundances of Pseudomonas and Arcobacter were correlated positively with concentrations of TN and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) at stormwater outlets. This study provided a reference for the impact of pollution types on river microbial ecosystem under complex hydrological conditions and guidance for the selection of restoration techniques for polluted rivers entering the important lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lecheng Wei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, 07102, USA
| | - Weitang Zhu
- Environmental Protection Bureau of Changxing County, Huzhou, 313100, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Ryu HS, Kim H, Lee JY, Kaown D, Lee KK. Abnormal groundwater levels and microbial communities in the Pohang Enhanced Geothermal System site wells pre- and post-M w 5.5 earthquake in Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152305. [PMID: 34906576 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two geothermal wells (PX-1 and PX-2) exhibiting abnormal groundwater levels and microbial communities were examined at the Enhanced Geothermal System site before and after the Pohang earthquake (November 2017). Furthermore, the EXP-1 well level, water temperature, microbial communities and their association with earthquakes, as well as the possibility of future earthquakes were explored. The primary objectives of this research were to: (1) perform correlation and cluster analyses of hydrophysical parameters for earthquakes using next-generation sequencing; (2) analyze pre-, co-, and post-seismic changes in groundwater levels, temperatures, and microbial communities; and (3) further assess the analyzed results of the post-earthquake changes in the groundwater levels and temperatures to interpret their implications. Although the pre-earthquake water levels in the three wells were unknown, their depth-to-water levels post-earthquake ranged from 50.33-98.20 m, 570.91-735.00 m, and 47.70-56.04 m for wells PX-1 (depth 4362 m), PX-2 (4348 m), and EXP-1 (180 m), respectively. In particular, the water levels of PX-2 were abnormally low compared with the surrounding area. Moreover, the geothermal wells demonstrated unstable microbial communities prior to the earthquake. However, while the microbial communities of PX-1 recovered relatively quickly post-earthquake, those of PX-2 failed to stabilize even within two years after the earthquake. Thus, it was inferred here that the PX-2 well is more closely related to seismic activity, the effects of which can still be seen. Accordingly, it is important that PX-2 is continuously monitored until June 2024, the minimum period predicted for the water levels to reach stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sun Ryu
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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7
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Cao S, Fei Y, Tian X, Cui X, Zhang X, Yuan R, Li Y. Determining the origin and fate of nitrate in the Nanyang Basin, Central China, using environmental isotopes and the Bayesian mixing model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48343-48361. [PMID: 33907952 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Identifying sources of nitrate contamination has been a long-term challenge in areas with different land uses. We investigated the biogeochemical processes and quantified the contribution of potential nitrate sources in the Nanyang Basin, the source area of the South to North Water Diversion Project in China. Hydrogeochemical characteristics, the dual-isotope method (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), and the Bayesian mixing model (SIAR) were combined. The results for 160 samples indicated that mean nitrate concentrations of residential area (162.83 mg L-1) and farmland (75.71 mg L-1) were higher compared with those of surface water (16.15 mg L-1) and forest (36.25 mg L-1). Hydrochemical facies and molar ratios of major ions indicated that the natural environment was greatly impacted by anthropogenic activities. Nitrification, ammonium volatilization, and mixing effects were the dominant processes in nitrogen transformation. The contributions of different sources to nitrate contamination were 45.41%, 35.81%, 17.87%, and 0.91% for sewage and manure, soil organic nitrogen, synthetic fertilizer, and atmospheric deposition, respectively. Undeveloped infrastructure and sewage disposal in rural areas were the main causes of nitrate contamination. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the development of measures to guarantee long-term water supply of the South to North Water Diversion Project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Cao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuhong Fei
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiangxiang Cui
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ruoxi Yuan
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yasong Li
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
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Kaown D, Lee KK, Kim J, Woo JU, Lee S, Park IW, Lee D, Lee JY, Kim H, Ge S, Yeo IW. Earthquakes and very deep groundwater perturbation mutually induced. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13632. [PMID: 34211020 PMCID: PMC8249596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report unique observations from drilling and hydraulic stimulation at a depth of approximately 4.3 km in two Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) wells at the Pohang EGS site, South Korea. We surveyed drilling logs and hydraulic stimulation data, simulated pore pressure diffusion around the fault delineated by seismic and drilling log analyses, conducted acoustic image logging through the EGS wells, observed significant water level drops (740 m) in one of the two EGS wells, and obtained hydrochemical and isotopic variation data in conjunction with the microbial community characteristics of the two EGS wells. We discuss the hydraulic and hydrochemical responses of formation pore water to a few key seismic events near the hypocenter. We focused on how the geochemistry of water that flowed back from the geothermal wells changed in association with key seismic events. These were (1) a swarm of small earthquakes that occurred when a significant circulation mud loss occurred during well drilling, (2) the MW 3.2 earthquake during hydraulic stimulation, and (3) the MW 5.5 main shock two months after the end of hydraulic stimulation. This study highlights the value of real-time monitoring and water chemistry analysis, in addition to seismic monitoring during EGS operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ung Woo
- Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - In-Woo Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Daeha Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Shemin Ge
- Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - In-Wook Yeo
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
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9
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Kaown D, Koh EH, Mayer B, Ju Y, Kim J, Lee HL, Lee SS, Park DK, Lee KK. Differentiation of natural and anthropogenic contaminant sources using isotopic and microbial signatures in a heavily cultivated coastal area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116493. [PMID: 33484997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogeochemical and multiple isotope data for groundwater samples were obtained and interpreted to discriminate anthropogenic and natural contaminant sources in a coastal aquifer underlying a heavily cultivated watershed in Hwaseong, South Korea. The local aquifers are vulnerable to contamination, due to high anthropogenic N inputs and the location close to the ocean facilitating seawater intrusion. Thus, to effectively control the groundwater quality in the study area, it is necessary to differentiate between anthropogenic and natural contaminant sources. The concentrations of NO3-N in the groundwater ranged between 0.14 and 45.6 mg/L in August 2015 and 0.2-39.6 mg/L in March 2016. High concentrations of Cl- (388-1107 mg/L) and a high electrical conductivity (1027-2715 μS/cm) were observed in the study area, suggesting that the groundwater was affected by seawater intrusion. Furthermore, δ15N-NO3-, δ34S-SO42- values and 87Sr/86Sr of groundwater were determined to reveal the origins of the natural and anthropogenic contaminants and the groundwater mean residence times (MRT) and 87Sr/86Sr ratios were used to assess the hydrogeochemical processes along the flow path in the study area. Young groundwater was affected by an anthropogenic contamination source with contributions of 26-46% adding nitrate to the aquifer, whereas old groundwater was impacted by mixing with seawater with contributions of 10-20% with low concentrations of NO3-N, but elevated concentrations of chloride and sulfate. Recently recharged uncontaminated groundwater showed oxic conditions with a diverse microbial community structure, whereas young groundwater contaminated by anthropogenic sources showed a less diverse microbial community structure. The results of this study suggest that multiple isotopes combined with groundwater MRT and microbial data can be applied to distinguish natural and anthropogenic contaminant sources in a groundwater system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Koh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - YeoJin Ju
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Sun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Park
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and microbial communities of karst water in Samcheok, Korea, and compared water quality results to identify the seasonal characteristics and hydrogeological connectivity of the study areas of Hamaengbang-ri, Gyogok-ri, Yeosam-ri, and the downtown area of Samcheok. Field survey and water quality analysis were performed in July 2019, February 2020, and April 2020. Hydrochemical analysis of karst water (groundwater and surface water) showed that most samples were comprised of Ca-HCO3 and that water–rock interactions were a dominant factor compared to precipitation and evaporation (crystallization). For seasonal characteristics, water–rock interactions appeared more active in the dry season than in the rainy season. Calcite weathering was dominant in the dry season, whereas dolomite weathering dominated the rainy season. Moreover, the saturation indexes for the dry and rainy seasons were less than and greater than 0, respectively, corresponding to an unsaturation (oversaturation) state; thus, white precipitate distributed in the study areas was deposited in the rainy season. Finally, as a result of analyzing the hydraulic characteristics between regions, hydrogeological similarities were identified between Hamaengbang-ri and Yeosam-ri, and between Gyogok-ri and downtown Samcheok, which suggested hydrogeological connectivity between each of the pairs.
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Comparison of PCR Primers for Analyzing Denitrifying Microorganisms in the Hyporheic Zone. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the specific amplifications of six denitrification-associated genes using PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) primer sets were compared. Thereafter, the PCR primer sets that were determined to be suitable for each denitrification-associated gene were used to test samples from sixteen aqueous environments (three from groundwater, three from stream water, and ten from hyporheic zone water). The specific amplification was determined using PCR primer sets for denitrification-associated genes and nucleic acids from eleven types of strains. NosZ was the most frequently amplified gene from the nucleic acid of type, with a specific band seen in all eleven strains. The specific band amplification and PCR time of the strains were analyzed to select one PCR primer set for each gene. The selected PCR primer sets were used to analyze sixteen samples from the aqueous environments in which denitrifying microorganisms were expected to be present. Specific bands of narG, nirS, and nosZ were most frequently observed in the hyporheic water samples. The results showed that microorganisms containing nirG (involved in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite), nirS (involved in the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide), and nosZ (involved in the reduction of nitrous oxide to nitrogen gas) were the most abundant in the hyporheic zone samples used in this study.
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Arsenic mobilization in a high arsenic groundwater revealed by metagenomic and Geochip analyses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12972. [PMID: 31506464 PMCID: PMC6736849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolisms of arsenic, iron, sulfur, nitrogen and organic matter play important roles in arsenic mobilization in aquifer. In this study, microbial community composition and functional potentials in a high arsenic groundwater were investigated using integrated techniques of RNA- and DNA-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomic sequencing and functional gene arrays. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed the sample was dominated by members of Proteobacteria (62.3-75.2%), such as genera of Simplicispira (5.7-6.7%), Pseudomonas (3.3-5.7%), Ferribacterium (1.6-4.4%), Solimonas (1.8-3.2%), Geobacter (0.8-2.2%) and Sediminibacterium (0.6-2.4%). Functional potential analyses indicated that organics degradation, assimilatory sulfate reduction, As-resistant pathway, iron reduction, ammonification, nitrogen fixation, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia were prevalent. The composition and function of microbial community and reconstructed genome bins suggest that high level of arsenite in the groundwater may be attributed to arsenate release from iron oxides reductive dissolution by the iron-reducing bacteria, and subsequent arsenate reduction by ammonia-producing bacteria featuring ars operon. This study highlights the relationship between biogeochemical cycling of arsenic and nitrogen in groundwater, which potentially occur in other aquifers with high levels of ammonia and arsenic.
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Fiedler CJ, Schönher C, Proksch P, Kerschbaumer DJ, Mayr E, Zunabovic-Pichler M, Domig KJ, Perfler R. Assessment of Microbial Community Dynamics in River Bank Filtrate Using High-Throughput Sequencing and Flow Cytometry. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2887. [PMID: 30555435 PMCID: PMC6281747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-groundwater interactions play an important role in microbial community compositions of river bank filtrates. Surface water contaminations deriving from environmental influences are attenuated by biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone, which are essential for providing clean and high-quality drinking water in abstraction wells. Characterizing the flow regime of surface water into the groundwater body can provide substantial information on water quality, but complex hydraulic dynamics make predictions difficult. Thus, a bottom up approach using microbial community shifting patterns as an overall outcome of dynamic water characteristics could provide more detailed information on the influences that affect groundwater quality. The combination of high-throughput sequencing data together with flow cytometric measurements of total cell counts reveals absolute abundances among taxa, thus enhancing interpretation of bacterial dynamics. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of 55 samples among six wells in a well field in Austria that is influenced by river bank filtrate within a time period of 3 months has revealed both, clear differences as well as strong similarity in microbiome compositions between wells and dates. A significant community shift from April to May occurred in four of six wells, suggesting that surface water flow regimes do affect these wells stronger than others. Triplicate sampling and subsequent sequencing of wells at different dates proved the method to be reproducible. Flow cytometric measurements of total cells indicate microbial shifts due to increased cell counts and emphasize the rise of allochthonous microorganisms. Typical freshwater bacterial lineages (Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Armatimonadetes) were identified as most increasing phyla during community shifts. The changes are most likely a result of increased water abstraction in the wells together with constant river water levels rather than rain events. The results provide important knowledge for future implementations of well utilization in dependency of the nearby Danube River water levels and can help drawing conclusions about the influence of surface water in the groundwater such that hygienically save and clean drinking water with a stable microbial community can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Fiedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control (SIG), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Schönher
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control (SIG), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Proksch
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control (SIG), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Johannes Kerschbaumer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control (SIG), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernest Mayr
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control (SIG), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marija Zunabovic-Pichler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control (SIG), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad J Domig
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Perfler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control (SIG), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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