1
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Tang M, Du R, Cao S, Berry M, Peng Y. Tracing and utilizing nitrogen loss in wastewater treatment: The trade-off between performance improvement, energy saving, and carbon footprint reduction. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119525. [PMID: 37948961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen removal is widely applied to reduce the discharge of inorganic nitrogen and mitigate the eutrophication of receiving water. However, nitrogen loss is frequently observed in wastewater treatment systems, yet the underlying principle and potential enlightenment is still lacking a comprehensive discussion. With the development and application of novel biological technologies, there are increasing achievement in the deep understanding and mechanisms of nitrogen loss processes. This article reviews the potential and novel pathways of nitrogen loss, occurrence mechanisms, influential factors, and control strategies. A survey of recent literature showed that 3%∼73% of nitrogen loss beyond the nitrogen budget can be ascribed to the unintentional presence of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, partial nitrification/anammox, and endogenous denitrification processes, under low dissolved oxygen (DO) and limited available organic carbon source at aerobic conditions. Key influential parameters, including DO, aeration strategies, solid retention time (SRT), hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature and pH, significantly affect both the potential pathways of nitrogen loss and its quantitative contribution. Notably, the widespread and spontaneous growth of anammox bacteria is an important reason for ammonia escape at anaerobic/anoxic conditions, leading to 7%∼78% of nitrogen loss through anammox pathway. Moreover, the unwanted nitrous oxide (N2O) emission should also be considered as a key pathway in nitrogen loss. Future development of new nitrogen removal technologies is proposed to suppress the generation of harmful nitrogen losses and reduce the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment by controlling key influential parameters. Transforming "unintentional observation" to "intentional action" as high-efficiency and energy-efficient nitrogen removal process provides a new approach for the development of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Shenbin Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Maxence Berry
- Department of Process Engineering and Bioprocesses, Polytech Nantes, Campus of Gavy, Saint-Nazaire, 44603, France
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
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2
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Jing J, Sun L, Chen Z, Guo X, Qu Y. Simultaneous selenite reduction and nitrogen removal using Paracoccus sp.: Reactor performance, microbial community, and mechanism. Environ Res 2024; 240:117564. [PMID: 37918763 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Selenium-containing wastewater has a high concentration of nitrogen compounds (ammonia nitrogen [NH4+-N]), leading to water pollution. Thus, the simultaneous reduction of selenium and removal of nitrogen compounds during wastewater treatment has become the top priority. However, the exogenous bacteria that can simultaneously reduce selenite and remove ammonia nitrogen and colonize in the wastewater treatment systems have not been reported. Additionally, the effects and the underlying mechanism of biofortification on the reduction and removal efficiency of the microorganisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the simultaneous selenite reduction and nitrogen removal efficiency of Paracoccus sp. (strain SSJ) isolated from selenium-contaminated soil and explored biofortification effects on the composition and structure of the microbial community. Using sequencing biofilm batch reactors (SBBRs), the structural and functional characteristics of the microbial community were systematically compared between the control (group A) and biofortified (group B) groups. Strain SSJ could simultaneously reduce 63.28% of selenite and remove 93.05% of NH4+-N within 24 h. Moreover, no accumulation of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) was observed in the reaction process. The performance and stability of the SBBRs enhanced by strain SSJ were greatly improved. Illumina sequencing results showed that strain SSJ was surprisingly colonized, and Paracoccus was the predominant genus in group B (relative abundance: 13.93%). Moreover, PICRUSt2 analysis results suggested that the microbial community in group B demonstrated increased rates of ammonia nitrogen removal through ammonia assimilation and selenite reduction through sulfur metabolism and glutathione-mediated selenite reduction pathway. In summary, our findings shed light on the mechanism for simultaneous selenite reduction and nitrogen removal by biofortification and provide novel microbial resources for the treatment of selenite-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Jing
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Dalian POCT Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Dalian POCT Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Dalian POCT Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Dalian POCT Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Dalian POCT Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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3
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Guo P, Wang Q, Ni L, Xu S, Zheng D, Wang Y, Cai F, Cui M, Zheng Z, Gao X, Zhang D. Improved simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in fixed-bed baffled bioreactors treating mariculture wastewater: Performance and microbial community behaviors. Bioresour Technol 2023:129468. [PMID: 37429548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
As mariculture develops, wastewater treatment becomes crucial. In this study, fixed-bed baffled reactors (FBRs) packed with carbon fiber (CFBR) or polyurethane (PFBR) as biofilm carriers were used for mariculture wastewater treatment. Under salinity shocks between 0.10 and 30.00 g/L, the reactors showed efficient and stable nitrogen removal capacities, and the maximum NH4+-N removal rates were 107.31 and 105.42 mg/(L·d) for CFBR and PFBR, respectively, with an initial NH4+-N concentration of 120.00 mg/L. Further, in the independent aerobic chambers of the FBRs for nitrogen removal, taxa enrichment varied depending on the biofilm carrier, and the assembly process was more deterministic in CFBR than in PFBR. Two distinct clusters representing the spatial distribution of the adhering and deposited sludge in CFBR and the front and rear compartments in PFBR were noted. Furthermore, microbial interactions were more numerous and stable in CFBR. These findings improve the application prospects of FBRs in mariculture wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agriculture Technology Research, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agriculture Technology Research, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Lingfang Ni
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Silong Xu
- School of Chemistry, and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Daoqiong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agriculture Technology Research, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agriculture Technology Research, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Mingyu Cui
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agriculture Technology Research, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; College of Biology and Pharmacy, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Shanghai Yuming Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201802, China
| | - Xiuqing Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agriculture Technology Research, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; College of Biology and Pharmacy, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China.
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Cao L, Ni L, Qi L, Wen H, Wang Z, Meng J, Zhang X, Zhang Y. The application of post-denitrification fixed biofilm reactor for polishing secondary effluent: Nitrate removal, soluble microbial products and micropollutants biotransformation. Bioresour Technol 2023; 369:128511. [PMID: 36538964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the role of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on simultaneous removal of nitrate and micropollutants (MPs) in secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants in post-denitrification fixed biofilm reactor (PDFBR). Results showed that PDFBR was favorable for nitrate removal (above 94%). Prolonged HRT promoted the bio-utilization of nonaromatic soluble microbial products with low molecular weight and reduced biomass production. MPs was partially removed in PDFBRs (below 48%). Microbial diversity increased along the extending of HRT and thus partially enhanced MPs removal. Batch experiments showed that changing HRT had no direct impact on the biodegradation rates of the selected MPs. Correlation analysis revealed that Dechloromonas, Terrimonas, and Phreatobacter were reasonable for simultaneous removal of MPs and nitrate. The abundance of nosZ gene had a rapid decrease under extreme HRT. This study provides insights into polishing nitrate and MPs from secondary effluent in a denitrifying biofilm system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Li Qi
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Haitao Wen
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianqiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
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5
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Han F, Zhou W. Nitrogen recovery from wastewater by microbial assimilation - A review. Bioresour Technol 2022; 363:127933. [PMID: 36100188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increased nitrogen (N) input with low utilization rate in artificial N management has led to massive reactive N (Nr) flows, putting the Earth in a high-risk state. It is essential to recover and recycle Nr during or after Nr removal from wastewater to reduce N input while simultaneously mitigate Nr pollution in addressing the N stress. However, mechanisms for efficient Nr recovery during or after Nr removal remain unclear. Here, the occurrence of N risk and progress in wastewater treatment in recent years as well as challenges of the current technologies for N recovery from wastewater were reviewed. Through analyzing N conversion fluxes in biogeochemical N-cycling networks, microbial N assimilation through photosynthetic and heterotrophic microorganisms was highlighted as promising alternative for synergistic N removal and recovery in wastewater treatment. In addition, the prospects and gaps of Nr recovery from wastewater through microbial assimilation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250002, China.
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6
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Chen PF, Zhang RJ, Du ZL, Wang GH, Dong HT, Cui B, Fan RP, Li LX, Wang QB, Liu YS, Sun ZM. Microbial composition and nitrogen removal pathways in a novel sequencing batch reactor integrated with semi-fixed biofilm carrier: evidence from a pilot study for low- and high-strength sewage treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:49105-49115. [PMID: 35212897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge process is a well-established technology for sewage treatment. One of the drawbacks of SBRs, however, total nitrogen (TN) removals is insufficient. By means of introducing four improvements, including semi-fixed biofilm carrier, sludge elevation mixing and change for the mode of influent and effluent, compliant standard for TN discharge was obtained in this novel SBR configuration during low- and high-strength sewage load. To illustrate the microbial compositions and functions of the attached biofilm on semi-fixed carrier and the suspended aggregates, as well as the nitrogen removal pathway, high throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, PICRUSt2 algorithm, and KEGG database were applied. The results revealed that (i) the microbial communities from suspended aggregates and biofilm samples were significantly different from each other; (ii) during low-strength sewage loads, TN removal was mainly by nitrification-denitrification. The suspended aggregates was responsible for denitrification, while the biofilm was focused on ammonium oxidation; (iii) during high-strength sewage loads, function of nitrate reductase from suspended aggregates was faded, and anammox and N assimilation by biofilm became dominant. Meanwhile, TN removal referring to the formation of L-glutamine via assimilation was the main pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Chen
- Research center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rui-Jian Zhang
- Research center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Du
- Research center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Guang-Hua Wang
- Research center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hao-Tao Dong
- Research center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ru-Pei Fan
- Research center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lu-Xin Li
- Research center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qian-Bin Wang
- Research center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ying-Shi Liu
- Research center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Min Sun
- Research center, Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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7
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Yang B, Qin Y, He X, Li H, Ma J. The removal of ammonia nitrogen via heterotrophic assimilation by a novel Paracoccus sp. FDN-02 under anoxic condition. Sci Total Environ 2022; 810:152236. [PMID: 34896137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel strain FDN-02 was isolated from a sequencing batch biofilm reactor. FDN-02 was identified as Paracoccus sp., and the Genbank Sequence_ID was MW652628. Comparing with the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) by bacterium FDN-02 under different growth conditions, the optimal initial pH, carbon source, and C/N ratio were 7.0, sucrose, and 16, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency and rate of NH4+-N were respectively 96.2% and 10.06 mg-N/L/h within 8 h under anoxic condition when the concentration of NH4+-N was 44.87 mg/L. Specifically, 71.9% of NH4+-N was utilized by strain FDN-02 through heterotrophic assimilation to synthetize organic nitrogen, and approximately 24.1% of NH4+-N was lost in the form of gaseous nitrogen without the emission of nitrous oxide. Bacterium FDN-02 was also found to be a denitrifying organism, and nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen of lower concentrations were removed by denitrification after the enlargement of biomass. Further investigation showed that the biomass after the removal of NH4+-N by strain FDN-02 had resource utilization potential, and the contents of proteins and amino acids were 635 and 192.97 mg/g, respectively, especially for the usage as an alternative nutrient source for livestock and organic fertilizers. This study provided a promising environmentally friendly biological treatment method for the removal of NH4+-N in the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqi Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuyang Qin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianglong He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongjing Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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8
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Deng M, Dai Z, Song K, Wang Y, He X. Integrating Microbial Protein Production and Harvest Systems into Pilot-Scale Recirculating Aquaculture Systems for Sustainable Resource Recovery: Linking Nitrogen Recovery to Microbial Communities. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:16735-16746. [PMID: 34846873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, it is important to raise the nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) to improve sustainability. To achieve this, recovery of microbial protein (RMP), instead of nitrification/denitrification in conventional wastewater treatment, is a promising approach whose microbiological mechanisms must be characterized. Here, periodic RMP was conducted in an in situ biofloc-based aquaculture system (IBAS) and a separating assimilation reactor-based recirculating aquaculture system (SRAS). Kinetic analysis indicated that a microbial biomass level of 3 g L-1 was optimal for inorganic N removal, and excess biomass was harvested to improve the NRE. Unlike the IBAS, the SRAS eliminated the fluctuation in water quality caused by the RMP. Periodic RMP significantly increased the NRE to 44-57% by promoting the filamentous bacterium Herpetosiphon and suppressing anaerobic denitrifiers. Aerobic chemoheterotrophy was the main microbial metabolic process for energy. After RMP, nitrate reductase-encoded functional genes (napA and narG) significantly decreased, while nitrite reductase-encoded functional genes, especially nirK, significantly increased. Co-occurrence networks analysis indicated that the cooperation and competition among organic matter degraders, filamentous bacteria, nitrifiers, and denitrifiers determined the microbial protein yield. These results provide fundamental insights into the influence of the RMP on microbial communities and functions, which is important for realizing sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhili Dai
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui JianZhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuren Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xugang He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China
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9
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Zheng K, Li H, Wang S, Wang Y, Li A, Feng X, Li J. Enhanced proteins and amino acids production based on ammonia nitrogen assimilation and sludge increment by the integration of bioadsorption with anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) process. Chemosphere 2021; 280:130721. [PMID: 33962293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poor effect of contaminants removal efficiency and low organic matter content of activated sludge are common in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China due to the low-strength wastewater. An anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) and an adsorption/AAO (A/AAO) combined system were established simultaneously to conduct a comparative study for realizing the conversion of carbon source in influent and the enrichment and recovery of proteins and amino acids through the assimilation of ammonia nitrogen. The experimental results showed that 63.5% of the organic matter in influent was adsorbed and flocculated in adsorption process, and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in A/AAO process were 88.7%, 77.1%, and 93.0% respectively, which were remarkably better than those in AAO process owing to the addition of improved carbon source. Ammonia assimilation rate of A/AAO process was 26.7% higher than that of AAO process, which implied that the ammonia used to synthesize sludge protein was prominently increased. Furthermore, intracellular proteins and amino acids in A/AAO process were 20% higher than those of AAO process, and the quality was equivalent with fish meal or soybean meal as feed. In addition, the microbial community analysis based on 16S rDNA was conducted. Dechloromonas, Zoogloea, Nitrospira, and Flavobacterium were the main genera, and played important roles in nutrient removal and ammonia nitrogen assimilation. The integration of adsorption process was significant to low-strength wastewater treatment and the improvement of excess sludge quality, which is a prospective inspiration for the resource recovery-based wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huaibo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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10
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Wang R, Xu Q, Chen C, Li X, Zhang C, Zhang D. Microbial nitrogen removal in synthetic aquaculture wastewater by fixed-bed baffled reactors packed with different biofilm carrier materials. Bioresour Technol 2021; 331:125045. [PMID: 33798853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fixed-bed baffled reactors packed with carbon fiber (CFBR), polyurethane, or non-woven fabrics were developed to support microbial nitrification-denitrification reactions for nitrogen removal from synthetic aquaculture wastewater. The CFBR showed the best performance, with a short hydraulic retention time and low C/N ratio. Microbial communities in the reactor's biofilms and deposited sludge were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reactions. The biofilms efficiently enriched the nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the CFBR. Moreover, bacteria capable of denitrification under aerobic conditions were detected in the aerobic chamber biofilm, showing positive correlations with the main nitrifiers and denitrifiers, which provides potential synergistic interactions for simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in the aerobic chamber. A network analysis revealed that the CFBR had more complex cooperative interactions than others. This study provides insights into the influence of different carrier materials on biofilm formation, proving that the CFBR has potential applications in aquaculture wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chunlei Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinkai Li
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, PR China.
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11
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Li M, Duan R, Hao W, Li Q, Liu P, Qi X, Huang X, Shen X, Lin R, Liang P. Utilization of Elemental Sulfur in Constructed Wetlands Amended with Granular Activated Carbon for High-Rate Nitrogen Removal. Water Res 2021; 195:116996. [PMID: 33721673 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of granular activated carbon (GAC) on nitrogen removal performance of elemental sulfur-based constructed wetlands (S0-based CWs), three systems were constructed according to the different configurations in the functional layer, namely S-CW (S0 added in the functional layer), CSC-CW (GAC, S0 and GAC placed in layers in the functional layer) and SC-CW (S0 and GAC mixed evenly in the functional layer). In CSC-CW and SC-CW, the volumetric ratio of S0:GAC was 9:1. Three CWs were operated under four different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranged from 48 h to 6 h. Over the experiment, total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal rates of the three CWs were 3.1 - 23.6 g m-2 d-1, 3.5 - 24.1 g m-2 d-1 and 3.4 - 11.5 g m-2 d-1, respectively; CSC-CW remained high TIN removal efficiency (from 74.7 ± 20.2 % to 93.4 ± 1.9 %) while SC-CW had significant lower values when HRT = 6 h (29.8 ± 30.1 %). Mass balance and high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that mixotrophic denitrification at the sulfur layer and simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) at the rhizosphere played the major role in N removal from CSC-CW (> 95 %). GAC addition facilitated the growth of Iris pseudacorus with the final fresh weight increased from 33.9 gFW ind-1 to 82.3 gFW ind-1 in CSC-CW and 82.7 gFW ind-1 in SC-CW. This study optimizes the practical application of S0-based CWs amended with GAC for N removal from carbon-limited wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Rui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wen Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qingcheng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Panpan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiang Qi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Shen
- The Beijing Beiyun River Management Office, Beijing 101100, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Lin
- The Beijing Beiyun River Management Office, Beijing 101100, PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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Lu Y, Li X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhu G, Zeng RJ. The indispensable role of assimilation in methane driven nitrate removal. Sci Total Environ 2020; 746:141089. [PMID: 32745852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methane is a greenhouse gas that can be released from sludge anaerobic fermentation in wastewater treatment plants. Methane is also an alternative additional carbon source for deep nitrate removal of secondary effluent. A sequencing experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of nitrate removal with methane as the sole carbon source. The maximum nitrate removal rate was 17.2 mg-N·L-1·d-1. Nitrate removal was confirmed to arise via two pathways: aerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification (AME-D) contributed to 55% of the nitrate removal with the rest stemming from assimilation by methanotrophs. Additional study revealed that nitrate assimilated by methanotrophs was used for the synthesis of proteins, resulting in a protein content of 52.2% dry weight. Metagenomic sequencing revealed a high abundance of nitrate assimilation and glutamine synthetase genes, which were primarily provided by methanotrophs (mainly Methylomonas). Assimilatory nitrate removal by methanotrophs has a high potential for advanced nitrogen removal and for alleviating methane emissions. The nitrogen-rich biomass produced by nitrate absorption could also be used as a biofertilizer for nitrogen recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Guangcan Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Raymond Jianxiong Zeng
- Center of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Sui Q, Jiang L, Di F, Yue W, Chen Y, Wang H, Chen M, Wei Y. Multiple strategies for maintaining stable partial nitritation of low-strength ammonia wastewater. Sci Total Environ 2020; 742:140542. [PMID: 32623174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stable production of nitrite is an essential technical challenge for mainstream anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox). Due to difficulties in the stable inhibition of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and maintenance of long-term partial nitritation (PN), integrated multiple, rather than a single, controlling strategies were preferred especially in a continuous-flow treatment system. A mathematically model was developed to evaluate effects of integrated multiple-strategies on ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NOB. Through experimental study and model simulation, intermittent aeration and low SRT (3.5 d) resulted in unstable nitrite accumulation. Integrated multiple-strategies of intermittent aeration, low SRT (3.5 d) and bioaugmentation achieved nitrite accumulation rate of 81% and NO2--N/NH4+-N ratio in effluent of 1.29, which was preferable for further anammox process. Meanwhile, the richness and diversity of microbial community increased due to the bioaugmentation. The AOB/NOB ratio increased from 13.8 to 34.1 which facilitated nitrite accumulation. In combination with bioaugmentation, the observed growth rates of AOB and NOB increased from -0.0835 and -0.0282 to 0.0434 and 0.0127 d-1, respectively, which promoted AOB outcompeting NOB in the mixed liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Sui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Li'an Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Di
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhui Yue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meixue Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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