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Aragão Silva JA, Dos Santos Soares LM, Ferreira FS, da Silva AB, Souto WMS. Use of wild vertebrates for consumption and bushmeat trade in Brazil: a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:64. [PMID: 38111028 PMCID: PMC10729539 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bushmeat is a resource exploited by thousands of people around the world, especially in tropical and neotropical regions, constituting an important source of protein and income. But what is known, so far, about the consumption and trade of wild vertebrate meat (hereinafter "bushmeat") in a megadiverse country like Brazil? This question was answered through a systematic survey of publications on the consumption and trade of wild vertebrate meat made in Brazil between 2011 and 2021. METHODS We selected 63 scientific articles available on "Google Scholar," "Science Direct," "Scopus," " Web of Science" and "Portal de Periódico da CAPES." The articles were categorized as: exclusive to (1) consumption or (2) bushmeat trade, totals of 54 and three articles, respectively; both (3) consumption and trade bushmeat, totaling six articles. We applied a nonparametric Spearman's correlation analysis to verify the association between the number of papers and the species richness of wild vertebrates cited for consumption by Brazilian state. RESULTS The results revealed that the publications were concentrated in the Northeast (36), North (26) and Southeast (1) regions, distributed across 16 states of the federation. These data reinforce the need for more researches in states and other regions of the country. Our research hypothesis was confirmed, since the richness of species cited for meat consumption was positively associated with the amount of work carried out by the states of the federation. We identified a total of 321 species of wild vertebrates mentioned in the categories involving the consumption of bushmeat. We had a greater bird species richness mentioned for consumption (170) to the detriment of mammals (107), reptiles (40) and amphibians (4). Furthermore, in the articles involving the bushmeat trade categories we had 57 species of vertebrates mentioned, with mammals being the most representative in terms of species richness (29), to the detriment of birds (20) and reptiles (8). These data reinforce that birds and mammals have been the groups most used both for consumption and trade in bushmeat in the country's regions, and it is necessary to mitigate the hunting exploitation of these groups. We recorded that socioeconomic, biological, environmental and sociocultural factors were the most cited predictors of the consumption and trade of bushmeat in the articles. We identified that the bushmeat trade chain is dynamic and ramified, made up of several actors, including specialized and diversified hunters, intermediaries, market sellers, market vendors, restaurant owners and final customers. Public markets and open-air fairs were the most cited places for buying and selling wild meat in commerce. CONCLUSIONS In general, our results indicate that we have made significant advances in publications on the consumption and trade of bushmeat in Brazil over the last few years. However, we highlight the need to better understand the patterns of consumption and trade of bushmeat in different regions of the country, as well as the factors associated with the dynamics of the trade chain and uses of wildlife by local communities. We emphasized that a multidimensional understanding of hunting activities is important to face socio-ecological problems and improve the conservation of target species which have continually been explored for uses by populations in different regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Aragão Silva
- Development and Environment Graduated Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil.
| | | | - Felipe Silva Ferreira
- Graduated Program in Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Vale de São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, PE, CEP: 56304-917, Brazil
| | - André Bastos da Silva
- Development and Environment Graduated Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
- State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Coelho Neto, MA, CEP: 65620-000, Brazil
| | - Wedson Medeiros Silva Souto
- Development and Environment Graduated Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
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Sardeshpande M, Shackleton C. Fruits of the city: The nature, nurture and future of urban foraging. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Sardeshpande
- Department of Environmental Science Rhodes University Makhanda (Grahamstown) South Africa
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Santos SL, De la Fuente MF, Alves RRN. Patterns associated with hunting with dogs in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:71. [PMID: 36529782 PMCID: PMC9759908 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hunting has been an important cultural and subsistence activity for the survival of the human population. In the Brazilian semiarid region (Caatinga), the extreme seasonal changes and socioeconomic conditions have made local people dependent on the natural resources available, including wildlife. Although hunting with dogs can result in higher efficiency for hunters, it can also have implications for game species conservation. METHODS Using an ethnozoological approach (semi-structured questionnaires, free interviews, informal conversations, and free listing technique), this study aimed to analyze the patterns of hunting with dogs activities in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil by characterizing hunters' and hunting dogs' profiles, investigating target and nontarget prey species, hunters' practices, motivations, and perceptions regarding the efficiency of hunting with dogs. RESULTS We found that hunters that use dog assistance were mostly men, of different ages, with an occupation in agriculture, receiving less than a minimum wage, and with a low level of formal education. Hunters use two or more mixed-breed dogs with no clear preference regarding dogs' sex. The motivations for hunting with dogs included mainly food, sport, and trade. Hunters cited twenty species captured by dogs without distinction between prey's sex and age (14 mammals, 4 birds, and 2 reptiles). Only six of these were mentioned as being target prey when hunting with dogs. From nontarget species, eight carnivores are usually left at the site of kill, as they have no use to the hunters. Hunters perceived that hunting with dogs could be three times more efficient than hunting without dogs. CONCLUSION Overall, hunting with dogs represents a complex set of local variables, including characteristics of dogs and prey species, hunters' motivations, and practices that should be considered according to each particular situation. Considering the human dependence on natural resources in the semiarid region, hunters should be included in wildlife management debates to mitigate the threat to game species while allowing sustainable hunting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiana Lima Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - María Fernanda De la Fuente
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, 58019-753, Brazil.
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de Medeiros MFA, Silva SGB, Teixeira CD, Lima SCVC, Marchioni DM, Jacob MCM. Assessment of Biodiversity in Food Consumption Studies: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:832288. [PMID: 35774537 PMCID: PMC9237621 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.832288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of food biodiversity has gained importance in nutrition due to the positive association between the diversity of foods consumed and the quality of diets. To date, however, we do not know systematically how food consumption studies address food biodiversity. Our objective with this paper was to characterize how food consumption studies address biodiverse foods, both in terms of (i) new methods capable of overcoming the limitations of existing methods, and (ii) indicators capable of measuring the contribution of biodiversity to nutrition. We conducted a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), using four databases: Web of Science, Medline/PubMed (via National Library of Medicine), Scopus, and Google Scholar. We selected papers focused on the consumption of biodiverse foods without time constraints. In addition, we assessed the methodological quality of the studies we selected. We reviewed a total of 22 studies, and summarized the methods and indicators most used. We found that some researchers used biodiversity mapping strategies based on ethnographic approaches before the dietary assessment. Regarding dietary assessment tools, retrospective direct methods were the most used by researchers. We list 23 indicators used by the authors, among them the Dietary Species Richness (DSR), used in 18% of the studies. Studies that used biodiversity mapping strategies based on ethnographic approaches before the dietary assessment portrayed the local availability of biodiverse foods more consistently, i.e., presented lists with local edible species satisfactorily identified. We believe researchers in the future can avoid many of the limitations of current methods by ensuring that teams are interprofessional. We emphasize that most of the indicators we summarized are not sensitive enough to biodiversity since they do not measure edible resources at the species level. In this sense, the DSR is promising, because it fills information gaps, especially in the case of wild or neglected species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Djaine Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Social Sciences, Center for Human Sciences, Letters and Arts, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Dirce Maria Marchioni
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Souza JDM, Lins Neto EMF, Ferreira FS. Influence of the sociodemographic profile of hunters on the knowledge and use of faunistic resources. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:38. [PMID: 35570319 PMCID: PMC9107591 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hunting wild animals is essential for nutrition, clothing, predator control and disease treatment. As part of a system based on food choices and uses, it is influenced by ecological, economic and sociocultural patterns. In this context, the aim is to identify the game fauna of interest in the Brazilian semiarid region; indicate the methods, uses, patterns of choices and cultural importance of the fauna and identify which sociodemographic variables influence the knowledge and use of faunal resources. METHODS Information on hunting and fauna use was obtained through semi-structured interviews, complemented with free interviews and informal conversations. The cultural importance of the species was calculated through the current use value. The generalized linear model was created to verify whether the sociodemographic profile of hunters influences the knowledge and use of game species. RESULTS The results showed a representativeness of 56 species. The group of birds was the most representative in terms of taxonomic richness (48.2%), followed by the group of mammals (26.8%), reptiles (21.4%) and amphibians (3.6%). The animals mentioned are used for food, trade, control hunting (slaughter of animals considered invaders of property or harmful to humans), pets, zootherapy and ornamentation. Sociodemographic variables shaped the knowledge of faunal resources, in which the age of hunters showed a negative correlation with the number of known species. CONCLUSIONS The meaning and forms of use attributed to each species depend on ecological, economic and sociocultural factors, which dictate the relationship between human communities and natural resources. Socioeconomic variables shape hunting patterns in all its aspects, whether in perception that hunters have of the resources, forms of use and utilization of hunting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson de M Souza
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, UEFS, Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil.
| | - Ernani M F Lins Neto
- Núcleo de Estudos de Conservação da Caatinga (NECC)/Colegiado de Ecologia, UNIVASF, Senhor do Bonfim-BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde e Biológicas, UNIVASF, Petrolina-PE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Humana e Gestão Socioambiental, UNEB, Juazeiro-BA, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Ferreira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, UEFS, Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil
- Núcleo de Estudos de Conservação da Caatinga (NECC)/Colegiado de Ecologia, UNIVASF, Senhor do Bonfim-BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde e Biológicas, UNIVASF, Petrolina-PE, Brazil
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Brittain S, Kamogne Tagne CT, Roe D, Booker F, Mouamfon M, Maddison N, Ngomna Tsabong SD, Mfone Nteroupe S, Milner‐Gulland EJ. The drivers of wild meat consumption in rural Cameroon: Insights for wild meat alternative project design. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dilys Roe
- International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) London UK
| | - Francesca Booker
- International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) London UK
| | - Mama Mouamfon
- Fondation Camerounaise de la Terre Vivante (FCTV) Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Neil Maddison
- The Conservation Foundation (TCF) The Royal Geographical Society London UK
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Griffiths BM, Kolowski J, Bowler M, Gilmore MP, Benson E, Lewis F, Stabach J. Assessing the accuracy of distance‐ and interview‐based measures of hunting pressure. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Griffiths
- School of Integrative Studies George Mason University Fairfax Virginia USA
| | - Joseph Kolowski
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian‐Mason School of Conservation Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Mark Bowler
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering University of Suffolk Ipswich UK
- Suffolk Sustainability Institute Ipswich UK
| | - Michael P. Gilmore
- School of Integrative Studies George Mason University Fairfax Virginia USA
| | | | | | - Jared Stabach
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
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Braga‐Pereira F, Morcatty TQ, El Bizri HR, Tavares AS, Mere‐Roncal C, González‐Crespo C, Bertsch C, Rodriguez CR, Bardales‐Alvites C, von Mühlen EM, Bernárdez‐Rodríguez GF, Paim FP, Tamayo JS, Valsecchi J, Gonçalves J, Torres‐Oyarce L, Lemos LP, Vieira MAR, Bowler M, Gilmore MP, Perez NCA, Alves RR, Peres CA, Pérez‐Peña P, Mayor P. Congruence of local ecological knowledge (LEK)‐based methods and line‐transect surveys in estimating wildlife abundance in tropical forests. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franciany Braga‐Pereira
- Departamento de Ecologia e Sistemática Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Thais Q. Morcatty
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
| | - Hani R. El Bizri
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA) Iquitos Peru
| | - Aline S. Tavares
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Cidades da Amazônia Brasileira Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Carla Mere‐Roncal
- School of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
| | - Carlos González‐Crespo
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Carolina Bertsch
- Laboratório de Manejo de Fauna Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo M. von Mühlen
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
- Instituto Juruá Manaus Brazil
| | | | | | - Jhancy Segura Tamayo
- Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP) Urbanización Palomar Calle Lima Peru
| | - João Valsecchi
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA) Iquitos Peru
| | - Jonas Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Manejo de Fauna Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus Brazil
- Secretaria Executiva de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação (SECTI/SEDECTI) Governo do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | | | - Lísley Pereira Lemos
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
| | - Marina A. R. Vieira
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- RIVERS ERC Project Departamento de Ciencias Sociales Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Getafe (Madrid) Spain
| | - Mark Bowler
- School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology University of Suffolk Ipswich UK
| | - Michael P. Gilmore
- School of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
| | | | - Rômulo Romeu Alves
- Departamento de Ecologia e Sistemática Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
- Laboratory of Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina Grande Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- Instituto Juruá Manaus Brazil
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Pedro Pérez‐Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Iquitos Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA) Iquitos Peru
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas Iquitos Peru
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA) Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA) Belém Brazil
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Marescotti ME, Demartini E, Gibbert M, Viganò R, Gaviglio A. Disentangling Individual Phases in the Hunted vs. Farmed Meat Supply Chain: Exploring Hunters' Perceptions in Italy. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010174. [PMID: 33467073 PMCID: PMC7830238 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing body of literature concerning the hunted wild game meat (HWGM) supply chain is mainly focused on the final consumer, while little is known about upstream production processes. Even though the hunter plays a central role here, it is not well understood how hunters themselves perceive their role in the various phases of the production process. The present study explores Italian hunters’ perception of the HWGM supply chain and compares it to their perception towards the conventional farmed meat supply chain. We distinguish several phases of this production process and find that the final phase related to on-site game dressing is considered problematic, perhaps because hunters perceive themselves as less skilled than professional butchers. The results, in fact, show that hunters prefer hunted products over farmed meat, but that they consider hunted wild boar meat less safe compared to farmed pork. Findings from this study provide a rare glimpse from the inside of the supply chain and reveals the needs for a broad risk assessment analysis on the Italian game meat supply chain. Considering the development of the Italian emerging market of the HWGM, our results also highlight the relevance of training activities on hunters in order to increase the safety and quality of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Marescotti
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy; (M.E.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Eugenio Demartini
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy; (M.E.M.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael Gibbert
- Institute of Marketing and Communication Management, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via G. Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
| | - Roberto Viganò
- AlpVet, Studio Associato AlpVet, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy;
| | - Anna Gaviglio
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy; (M.E.M.); (A.G.)
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de Matos Dias D, Ferreguetti ÁC, Rodrigues FHG. Using an occupancy approach to identify poaching hotspots in protected areas in a seasonally dry tropical forest. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2020; 251:108796. [PMID: 33041345 PMCID: PMC7536534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Poaching activity has been described in the literature as harmful due to impacts on biodiversity, especially in protected areas. Although the main reason for this activity is subsistence, in many regions motivation goes beyond the limits of food necessity. We applied single-species, single season occupancy models to evaluate the spatial distribution of poachers and identify potential poaching hotspots in a mosaic of protected areas in the Caatinga domain, northeastern Brazil. We used camera-traps over a period of 200 days at 60 sites randomly selected. We used distances from human settlements, roads and the nearest water holes, frequency of game species and sampling effort as covariables that could influence poachers' occupancy and detectability and to identify potential poaching areas. Occupancy poachers were higher in sites with higher frequency of game species. Frequency of game species and distance from roads had a negative effect on the detectability of poachers. Spatial analysis indicated three critical poaching areas within and around the Boqueirão da Onça National Park, associated with roads and some isolated cattle and goat farms. In this study, we provided an assessment of poaching spatial patterns in relation to different landscape elements and biotic influences, indicating critical areas where enforcement efforts should be focused. Hotspots are clearly concentrated within and on the edge of National Park. The approach presented here to identify poaching hotspots is effective and economical, and therefore may be applied in other protected and non-protected areas throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas de Matos Dias
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP: 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Átilla Colombo Ferreguetti
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, n° 524, PHLC, sala 220. Maracanã, CEP: 20550-019 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Guimarães Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 3127-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Animal-based food systems are unsafe: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) fosters the debate on meat consumption. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3250-3255. [PMID: 32633231 PMCID: PMC7503046 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The current pandemic restarts a debate on permanently banning wildlife consumption in an effort to prevent further public health threats. In this commentary, we offer two ideas to enhance the discussion on foodborne zoonotic diseases in food systems. Design: First, we focus on the probable consequences that the loss of access to wildlife could cause to the status of food and nutrition security of many people in developing countries that rely on bushmeat to subsist. Second, we argue that all animal-based food systems, especially the ones based on intensive husbandry, present food safety threats. Conclusion: To ban the access to bushmeat without a rational analysis of all human meat production and consumption in the global animal-based food system will not help us to prevent future outbreaks.
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