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Marcinek S, Galceran J, Ciglenečki I, Omanović D. A new tool for the determination of humic substances in natural waters: Pulsed voltammetry approach. Talanta 2023; 259:124547. [PMID: 37060721 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) in natural waters can be determined with a new, simple and sensitive method based on their influence on the background current in a differential pulse - adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. The proposed method, termed PB-HS (pulsed background - humic substances) is discussed in detail, including its application in natural samples from the Krka River estuary. The method was additionally compared with absorbance measurements as well as with the typical electrochemical HS quantification in natural waters based on HS complexation with molybdenum (Mo). A good correlation between methods was observed, with PB-HS showing slightly better sensitivity to humic compounds than classical spectrophotometry. Higher HS concentrations measured with the Mo-method may be due to the enhanced hydrophobicity reached at pH 2 that is required by the method. Advantages of the proposed PB-HS method, compared to existing voltammetric methods for HS quantification, are that it does not require any reagent addition (except buffer) and that it can be used at the natural pH of water as well as in a wide salinity range, which is crucial for its application in estuarine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Marcinek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Josep Galceran
- Departament de Química - Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Av Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Irena Ciglenečki
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Omanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Simonović N, Dominović I, Marguš M, Matek A, Ljubešić Z, Ciglenečki I. Dynamics of organic matter in the changing environment of a stratified marine lake over two decades. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161076. [PMID: 36565878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The marine lake (Rogoznica Lake), which fluctuates between stratified and holomictic conditions, is a unique environment on the eastern Adriatic coast affected by environmental changes. These changes are reflected in the warming of the water column, the apparent deoxygenation of the epilimnion, and the accumulation of organic matter (OM), toxic sulfide, and ammonium in the anoxic hypolimnion. Since the early 1990s, the volume of anoxic water has increased as the chemocline has moved to the surface water layer. A trend toward enrichment of refractory dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was observed in the anoxic hypolimnion, while a decreasing trend was observed in the oxic epilimnion in the spring DOC. At the same time, the most reactive surface-active fraction of DOC showed the opposite trend. In addition, there is evidence of accumulation of particulate organic carbon (POC) in the water column, followed by an increase in the fraction of POC in total organic carbon (TOC). On a multi-year scale (1996-2020), this work presents a unique time series of the dynamics of OM in the stratified marine system, showing a significant change in its quantity and quality due to climate and environmental variability. DOC-normalized surfactant activity is shown to be a good indicator of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Simonović
- Laboratory for Physical Oceanography and Chemistry of Aquatic Systems, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Dominović
- Laboratory for Physical Oceanography and Chemistry of Aquatic Systems, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Marguš
- Laboratory for Physical Oceanography and Chemistry of Aquatic Systems, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonija Matek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Ljubešić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Ciglenečki
- Laboratory for Physical Oceanography and Chemistry of Aquatic Systems, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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The possibilities of voltammetry in the study reactivity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural waters. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Čanković M, Dutour-Sikirić M, Radić ID, Ciglenečki I. Bacterioneuston and Bacterioplankton Structure and Abundance in Two Trophically Distinct Marine Environments - a Marine Lake and the Adjacent Coastal Site on the Adriatic Sea. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:996-1010. [PMID: 34817641 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine surface microlayer (SML) is a large and extreme marine environment with an important role in biogeochemical cycling and climate regulation. We explored the seasonal structure and abundance of bacterial assemblages in SML (bacterioneuston) and underlying water layer (ULW) (bacterioplankton) in eutrophic marine Rogoznica Lake and more oligotrophic coastal area of the adjacent Adriatic Sea. SML and ULW in each site were similar in pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, and temperature. Rogoznica Lake was colder in winter and warmer in summer compared to the Adriatic Sea. Regarding nutrients, SML and ULW were notably different environments. SML was consistently enriched in nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, and total organic carbon than ULW in both investigated environments. Except in spring in Rogoznica Lake, bacterial abundance in SML was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in ULW. Both layers and sites show prominent seasonal variability. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA and cDNA revealed a considerable difference in bacterial assemblage structure, although study sites were < 200 m apart. Heterotrophs were predominant in both layers with pronounced spatial and temporal structural differences, except in autumn in Rogoznica Lake when, autotrophs became the dominant fraction under oxygen-deprived conditions. All these variations were driven by in situ conditions, the most important ones being total organic carbon and temperature (and additionally dissolved oxygen in Rogoznica Lake). This is especially important in terms of ongoing eutrophication, warming and deoxygenation, noticed not only in the Adriatic Sea and Rogoznica Lake but globally as well. Therefore, further structural and physiological changes in bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton assemblages can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Čanković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mathieu Dutour-Sikirić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iris Dupčić Radić
- Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Ul. kneza Damjana Jude 12, 20 000, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Irena Ciglenečki
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Ciglenečki I, Orlović-Leko P, Vidović K, Tasić V. The possible role of the surface active substances (SAS) in the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111215. [PMID: 33939977 PMCID: PMC9750166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface active substances (SAS) have the potential to form films at different interfaces, consequently influencing the interfacial properties of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). They can be derived from both human activities and natural processes and can be found in an indoor and outdoor environment. This paper's fundamental question is the possible role of the SAS in stabilizing respiratory aerosols in the closed space. In that context, we discuss results of preliminary measurements of the SAS and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the water-soluble fractions of PM2.5 and PM10 that were sampled simultaneously in primary school inside and outside of the building. The concentrations of SAS were determined using highly sensitive electrochemical measurements. It was observed that SAS and DOC concentrations have been enhanced indoor in both PM fractions. Consistent with these results, a discussion arises on the possibility that SAS could play a crucial role in respiratory droplet dispersion as stabilizers, especially in a closed space. At the same time, we assume that they could prolong the lifetime of respiratory aerosols and as well viability of some (possible SARS-CoV-2) virus inside of the droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Ciglenečki
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory fot Physical Oceanography and Chemistry od Aquatic Systems, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Palma Orlović-Leko
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory fot Physical Oceanography and Chemistry od Aquatic Systems, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristijan Vidović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory fot Physical Oceanography and Chemistry od Aquatic Systems, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia; National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viša Tasić
- Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Bor, Serbia
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Singh RK, Brown E, Mededovic Thagard S, Holsen TM. Treatment of PFAS-containing landfill leachate using an enhanced contact plasma reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124452. [PMID: 33243646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A bench-scale plasma reactor was used to degrade poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in landfill leachate samples obtained from three different locations. In the leachate samples before treatment, five long-chain, six short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and eight PFAA precursors were detected in a wide concentration range (~102 to 105 ng/L; total oxidizable precursors (TOP) ~106 ng/L). The concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) plus perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ranged between 2000 and 3000 ng/L. Plasma-based water treatment of 500 mL samples resulted in faster removal rates for longer-chain than shorter chain length PFAAs. Both PFOS and PFOA were removed to below United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) health advisory concentration level (HAL) concentrations (<70 ng/L) in 10-75 min; 90% PFOA and PFOS removal was achieved in 10 min. Long-chain and short-chain PFAAs were removed by >99.9% and 10-99.9%, respectively. The removal rate constant (kPFOA+PFOS) for combined PFOA and PFOS ranged between 0.20 and 0.34 min-1. Overall, 60 ± 2% of the TOP concentration and 34 ± 2% of the TOC were removed. No effect of non-PFAS co-contaminants (e.g., total initial organic carbon concentration ~2000 mg/L) on the degradation efficiency was observed. Short-chain PFAA removal efficacy was enhanced by adding a cationic surfactant (cetrimonium bromide). Overall, the results indicate that plasma-based technology may be a viable technology for the treatment of PFAS-contaminated landfill leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal Singh
- Plasma Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Selma Mededovic Thagard
- Plasma Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States.
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Pađan J, Marcinek S, Cindrić AM, Santinelli C, Retelletti Brogi S, Radakovitch O, Garnier C, Omanović D. Organic Copper Speciation by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry in Estuarine Waters With High Dissolved Organic Matter. Front Chem 2021; 8:628749. [PMID: 33634075 PMCID: PMC7901884 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.628749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of copper (Cu) speciation and its bioavailability in natural waters is an important issue due to its specific role as an essential micronutrient but also a toxic element at elevated concentrations. Here, we report an improved anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) method for organic Cu speciation, intended to eliminate the important problem of surface-active substances (SAS) interference on the voltammetric signal, hindering measurements in samples with high organic matter concentration. The method relies on the addition of nonionic surfactant Triton-X-100 (T-X-100) at a concentration of 1 mg L-1. T-X-100 competitively inhibits the adsorption of SAS on the Hg electrode, consequently 1) diminishing SAS influence during the deposition step and 2) strongly improving the shape of the stripping Cu peak by eliminating the high background current due to the adsorbed SAS, making the extraction of Cu peak intensities much more convenient. Performed tests revealed that the addition of T-X-100, in the concentration used here, does not have any influence on the determination of Cu complexation parameters and thus is considered "interference-free." The method was tested using fulvic acid as a model of natural organic matter and applied for the determination of Cu speciation in samples collected in the Arno River estuary (Italy) (in spring and summer), characterized by a high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (up to 5.2 mgC L-1) and anthropogenic Cu input during the tourist season (up to 48 nM of total dissolved Cu). In all the samples, two classes of ligands (denoted as L1 and L2) were determined in concentrations ranging from 3.5 ± 2.9 to 63 ± 4 nM eq Cu for L1 and 17 ± 4 to 104 ± 7 nM eq Cu for L2, with stability constants logK Cu,1 = 9.6 ± 0.2-10.8 ± 0.6 and logK Cu,2 = 8.2 ± 0.3-9.0 ± 0.3. Different linear relationships between DOC and total ligand concentrations between the two seasons suggest a higher abundance of organic ligands in the DOM pool in spring, which is linked to a higher input of terrestrial humic substances into the estuary. This implies that terrestrial humic substances represent a significant pool of Cu-binding ligands in the Arno River estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Pađan
- Rud-er Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Marcinek
- Rud-er Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana-Marija Cindrić
- Rud-er Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Olivier Radakovitch
- CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, Saint-Paul-Les-Durance, France
| | - Cédric Garnier
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanology, ECEM, Toulon University, La Garde, France
| | - Dario Omanović
- Rud-er Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
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