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Hernández-Freyle C, Castilla-Acevedo SF, Harders AN, Acosta-Herazo R, Acuña-Bedoya JD, Santoso M, Torres-Ceron DA, Amaya-Roncancio S, Mueses MA, Machuca-Martínez F. Ultraviolet activation of monochloramine to treat contaminants of emerging concern: reactions, operating parameters, byproducts, and opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40758-40777. [PMID: 38819507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The presence of CECs in aquatic systems has raised significant concern since they are potentially harmful to the environment and human health. Eliminating CECs has led to the development of alternatives to treat wastewater, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The ultraviolet-mediated activation of monochloramine (UV/NH2Cl) is a novel and relatively unexplored AOPs for treating pollutants in wastewater systems. This process involves the production of amino radicals (•NH2) and chlorine radicals (Cl•) from the UV irradiation of NH2Cl. Studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in mitigating various CECs, exhibiting advantages, such as the potential to control the amount of toxic disinfection byproducts (TDBPs) formed, low costs of reagents, and low energy consumption. However, the strong influence of operating parameters in the degradation efficiency and existence of NH2Cl, the lack of studies of its use in real matrices and techno-economic assessments, low selectivity, and prolonged treatment periods must be overcome to make this technology more competitive with more mature AOPs. This review article revisits the state-of-the-art of the UV/NH2Cl technology to eliminate pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), micropollutants from the food industry, pesticides, and industrial products in aqueous media. The reactions involved in the production of radicals and the influence of operating parameters are covered to understand the formation of TDBPs and the main challenges and limitations of the UV/NH2Cl to degrade CECs. This review article generates critical knowledge about the UV/NH2Cl process, expanding the horizon for a better application of this technology in treating water contaminated with CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernández-Freyle
- Natural and Exact Sciences Department, Universidad de La Costa, Calle 58 #55 - 66, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Samir F Castilla-Acevedo
- Natural and Exact Sciences Department, Universidad de La Costa, Calle 58 #55 - 66, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia.
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
| | - Abby N Harders
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Raúl Acosta-Herazo
- Photocatalysis and Solar Photoreactors Engineering, Modeling & Applications of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Cartagena, Zip code 1382 - Postal 195, Cartagena, Colombia
- Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico en Ingeniería Sostenible, Laboratorio de Simulación y Procesos - Simprolab, Turbaco, Colombia
| | - Jawer D Acuña-Bedoya
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad S/N. C. P., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Melvin Santoso
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Darwin A Torres-Ceron
- Laboratorio de Física del Plasma, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, 170003, Manizales, Colombia
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), 660003, Pereira, Colombia
- Gestión & Medio Ambiente, 170004, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Amaya-Roncancio
- Natural and Exact Sciences Department, Universidad de La Costa, Calle 58 #55 - 66, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Miguel A Mueses
- Photocatalysis and Solar Photoreactors Engineering, Modeling & Applications of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Cartagena, Zip code 1382 - Postal 195, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Fiderman Machuca-Martínez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, CENM, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 #100-00, 76001 GAOX, Cali, Colombia
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Chang C, Gupta P. In-situ degradation of Amphotericin B in a microbial electrochemical cell containing wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136726. [PMID: 36209861 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance raises serious medical implications and is primarily caused by indiscriminate usage and environmental contamination with antimicrobial agents. To prevent microbes from developing resistance against antimicrobial agents, they must be effectively degraded. This is the first study that investigates the degradation of Amphotericin B(AmB) with simultaneous wastewater treatment in a Microbial Peroxide producing cell (MPPC). Two sets of MPPCs (A and B) were used to degrade AmB oxidatively, one with H2O2 and the other with the microbial electro Fenton process in a catholyte containing 0.1% AmB. MPPC A and B had voltage outputs of 0.356 ± 3 V and 0.411 ± 2 V, producing 26 ± 0.04 mM and 44 ± 0.8 mM of H2O2 respectively. The structural changes of treated samples were analyzed using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, which revealed the disappearance of major characteristic bands such as the NH band (1556 cm-1), the CH band Polyene ring (3358 cm-1), and others, implying the disruption of multiple double bonds in polyene, resulting in the structure's lactone ring breakdown. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight revealed the changes in retention time and peak area of treated samples in comparison to native AmB which also confirmed its structural changes. Such structural disruption induced the drug to lose its antifungal action since no zones of inhibition were detected in an antimicrobial susceptibility test against Candida albicans. The degradation of 57.05% and 69.83% of AmB by H2O2 and the Fenton process was also correlated with a reduction in COD. Simultaneously the anodic wastewater treatment in both the MPPCs had COD removal efficiency of 78% and 82% and the BOD removal efficiency was 75.38% and 90% respectively. The MPPC system's process conditions and reactor design could be optimized further to enhance antimicrobial degradation and wastewater treatment. This research offers a sustainable and efficient method for expediting antimicrobial degradation while simultaneously treating wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsomba Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
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Huang N, Shao WT, Wang Q, Wang WL, Wu QY, Hu HY. Degradation of chloromethylisothiazolinone antimicrobial by Vacuum-Ultraviolet/Ultraviolet irradiation: Reactive species, degradation pathway and toxicity evaluation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134821. [PMID: 35525458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) has been extensively used as antimicrobial in cosmetics, detergents, wall paints, and anti-fouling products. To prevent the potential ecological and health risks, the degradation mechanisms and toxicity changes of CMIT by Vacuum-Ultraviolet/Ultraviolet (VUV/UV) irradiation were investigated in this study. VUV/UV irradiation showed better performance on CMIT degradation compared to sole UV photolysis. The removal efficiency of CMIT with photon fluence of 0.6 μEinstein/cm2 was 8% and 100% by UV or VUV/UV irradiation, respectively. Radical quenching experiments indicated that 254 nm photolysis, 185 nm photolysis, and •OH oxidation contributed to CMIT degradation during VUV/UV process, with fluence-based apparent rate constants of 0.16, 0.13, and 4.9 μEinstein-1cm2, respectively. The formation of H2O2 during VUV/UV process increased to 0.7 mg/L at 4.5 min, and the concentration of •OH ranged within 1.0-3.8 × 10-12 M. The degradation of CMIT by VUV/UV irradiation in neutral condition was slightly higher than that in acidic and basic conditions. The removal efficiency of CMIT with reaction time of 2 min decreased from 92.2% to 34.3% when the concentration of HCO3-/CO32- increased to 1 mM. The degradation of CMIT by VUV/UV irradiation in secondary effluents was lower than that in ultrapure water because of the •OH scavenging effects, but still 2.9 times higher than that by UV photolysis. Four main degradation mechanisms of CMIT were observed during VUV/UV process, including the oxidation of sulfur, addition of hydroxyl groups on the double-carbon-bond, demethylation on the nitrogen, and substitution of organochlorine atom by hydroxyl group. Based on the quantitative structure activity relationship analysis, most products of CMIT underwent complete detoxification to fish and daphnia. 40% of products still showed acute toxicity to algae, but most of them were less toxic than CMIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wan-Ting Shao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu Suzhou, 215163, China
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Cao KF, Chen Z, Wu YH, Mao Y, Shi Q, Chen XW, Bai Y, Li K, Hu HY. The noteworthy chloride ions in reclaimed water: Harmful effects, concentration levels and control strategies. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 215:118271. [PMID: 35298995 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloride ions (Cl-), which are omnipresent in reclaimed water, can cause various problems in water reuse systems, especially during water transmission and at end use sites. Although reverse osmosis (RO) is considered as an effective technology to reduce chloride, its high investment and complex maintenance requirements hinder its application in many water reclamation plants (WRPs). Recently, several technologies bringing new options to better deal with chloride have gained increased attention. This review provides detailed information on the harmful effects, concentration levels, and sources of chloride in reclaimed water and summarizes and discusses various chloride removal technologies, including non-selective methods (e.g., membrane filtration, adsorption and ion exchange, oxidation, and electrochemical methods) and selective methods (e.g. precipitation and specially designed electrochemical methods). Among these, Friedel's salt precipitation and capacitive deionization showed attractive development potential. This review also proposes a holistic framework for chloride control from aspects of "Fit-for-Purpose" planning, technical system development, and whole process optimization, which could facilitate the planning and operation of long-term sustainable water reuse practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Fan Cao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu Mao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qi Shi
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wen Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Kuixiao Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu, Suzhou, 215163, PR China
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5
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Yang ZW, Wang WL, Lee MY, Wu QY, Guan YT. Synergistic effects of ozone/peroxymonosulfate for isothiazolinone biocides degradation: Kinetics, synergistic performance and influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118626. [PMID: 34864102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic effects of ozone (O3) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5-) for isothiazolinone biocides degradation was studied. The synergistic ozonation process (O3/PMS) increased the efficiency of methyl-isothiazolinone (MIT) and chloro-methyl-isothiazolinone (CMIT) degradation to 91.0% and 81.8%, respectively, within 90 s at pH 7.0. This is 30.6% and 62.5% higher than the corresponding ozonation efficiency, respectively. Total radical formation value (Rct,R) for the O3/PMS process was 24.6 times that of ozonation alone. Calculated second-order rate constants for the reactions between isothiazolinone biocides and (kSO4-,MIT and kSO4-,CMIT) were 8.15 × 109 and 4.49 × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. Relative contributions of O3, hydroxyl radical (OH) and oxidation to MIT and CMIT removal were estimated, which were 15%, 45%, and 40% for O3, OH and oxidation to MIT, and 1%, 67%, and 32% for O3, OH and oxidation to CMIT at pH 7.0, respectively. Factors influencing the O3/PMS process, namely the solution pH, chloride ions (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-), were evaluated. Increasing the solution pH markedly accelerated O3 decay and OH and formation, thus weakening the relative contribution of O3 oxidation while enhancing that of OH and . Cl- had a negligible effect on MIT and CMIT degradation. Under the dual effect of bicarbonate (HCO3-) as inhibitor and promoter, low concentrations (1-2 mM) of bicarbonate weakly promoted MIT and CMIT degradation, while high concentrations (10-20 mM) induced strong inhibition. Lastly, oxidation performance of O3 and O3/PMS processes for MIT and CMIT degradation in different water matrices was compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Department of Environmental Resources Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seogu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yun-Tao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Cao KF, Chen Z, Shi Q, Wu YH, Lu Y, Mao Y, Chen XW, Li K, Xu Q, Hu HY. An insight to sequential ozone‑chlorine process for synergistic disinfection on reclaimed water: Experimental and modelling studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148563. [PMID: 34175603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water reclamation plants (WRPs) are facing the challenges of ensuring microbial safety and require efficient disinfection systems. Sequential ozone‑chlorine disinfection is supposed to be a favorable alternative for reclaimed water disinfection. This study compared the inactivation efficiency of E.coli by single ozone, single chlorine, and sequential ozone‑chlorine disinfection approaches. Notably, a single ozone or chlorine process could only achieve a log removal rate of up to 5 log, whereas the sequential ozone‑chlorine disinfection could completely inactivate microorganisms (7.3 log). For sequential ozone‑chlorine disinfection, the efficiency of chlorination was improved by 2.4%-18.5%. The synergistic effect mainly attributed to the elimination of chlorine consuming substances by ozone. Through the chlorine decay model (CRS) fitting and calculating the integral CT value, the enhancement ability of ozone to chlorine disinfection was quantified. By introducing an enhancement coefficient (β), a succinct and accurate model was established to estimate the inactivation rate of sequential ozone‑chlorine disinfection (mean absolute percentage error: 0.035). The results and methodology of this study are informative to optimize the disinfection units of WRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Fan Cao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Qi Shi
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yun Lu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu Mao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wen Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kuixiao Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qi Xu
- Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu, Suzhou, 215163, PR China.
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Wu QY, Yang ZW, Du Y, Ouyang WY, Wang WL. The promotions on radical formation and micropollutant degradation by the synergies between ozone and chemical reagents (synergistic ozonation): A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126327. [PMID: 34116271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of ozone (O3) and chemical reagents (such as H2O2) shows synergies on the radical formation and micropollutant degradation. The promoting performance was associated with various parameters including chemical reagents, micropollutants, solution pH, and the water matrix. In this review, we summarized existing knowledge on radical formation pathways, radical yields, and radical oxidation for different synergistic ozonation processes in various water matrices (such as groundwater, surface water, and wastewater). The increase of radical yields by synergistic ozonation processes was positively related to the increase of O3-decay, with the increase being 1.1-4.4 folds than ozonation alone (0.2). Thus, synergistic ozonation can promote the degradation rate and efficiency of O3-resistant micropollutants (second order rate constant, kP,O3 < 200 M-1 s-1), but only slightly affects or even minorly inhibits the degradation of O3-reactive micropollutants (kP,O3 > 200 M-1 s-1). The water matrices, such as the dissolved organic matters, negatively suppressed the degradation of micropollutant by quenching O3-oxidation and radical oxidation (i.e. maximum promoting was decreased by 1.3 times), but may positively extend the promoting effects of synergistic ozonation to micropollutants that are more reactive to O3 (i.e. kP,O3 was extended from <200 to <2000 M-1 s-1). The formation of bromate would be increased through increasing radical oxidation by synergistic ozonation, but can be depressed by relative higher H2O2 as the reducing agent of HOBr/OBr- intermediate. The increase in bromate formation by O3/permononsulfate is a considerable concern due to permononsulfate cannot reduce the HOBr/OBr- intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye Du
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wan-Yue Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Lolli S, Chen YC, Wang SH, Vivone G. Impact of meteorological conditions and air pollution on COVID-19 pandemic transmission in Italy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16213. [PMID: 33004925 PMCID: PMC7530996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Italy was the first, among all the European countries, to be strongly hit by the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). The virus, proven to be very contagious, infected more than 9 million people worldwide (in June 2020). Nevertheless, it is not clear the role of air pollution and meteorological conditions on virus transmission. In this study, we quantitatively assessed how the meteorological and air quality parameters are correlated to the COVID-19 transmission in two large metropolitan areas in Northern Italy as Milan and Florence and in the autonomous province of Trento. Milan, capital of Lombardy region, it is considered the epicenter of the virus outbreak in Italy. Our main findings highlight that temperature and humidity related variables are negatively correlated to the virus transmission, whereas air pollution (PM2.5) shows a positive correlation (at lesser degree). In other words, COVID-19 pandemic transmission prefers dry and cool environmental conditions, as well as polluted air. For those reasons, the virus might easier spread in unfiltered air-conditioned indoor environments. Those results will be supporting decision makers to contain new possible outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lolli
- CNR-IMAA, Contrada S. Loja S.N.C., 85050, Tito, PZ, Italy
| | - Ying-Chieh Chen
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
- Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Gemine Vivone
- CNR-IMAA, Contrada S. Loja S.N.C., 85050, Tito, PZ, Italy
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