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Tanaka T, Thiry Y. How dynamic transfer models can complement an equilibrium-based approach: Case studies of radiocesium transfer to forest trees following accidental atmospheric release. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163715. [PMID: 37137358 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Accidental release of radionuclides caused by nuclear accidents like those in Fukushima and Chernobyl can result in pulses of radioactivity entering the forest environment. Due to intense recycling in the forest, equilibrium between radioactivity concentrations in trees and in soil may not be reached during the period of severe short-term radionuclide transport following the accident. Another question arises as to whether the equilibrium hypothesis using empirical concentration ratios (CRs) can be applied to the long-term period. Using two atmospheric 137Cs fallout scenarios in the Fukushima and Chernobyl sites, this study investigated whether the CR approach could provide conservative predictions of 137Cs levels in trees following 137Cs fallout events by comparing predictions from the CR approach using data gathered for trees by the IAEA to those from dynamic transfer models and actual measured data. The inter-comparisons also aimed to investigate whether the CR approach could account for the variability of 137Cs levels across different tree organs. The results showed that caution may be necessary when using the CR approach, which relies on the IAEA dataset, to estimate 137Cs accumulation in forest trees in the short - and long term following atmospheric 137Cs fallout events. A calculation by TRIPS 2.0 demonstrated the importance of considering the distribution within tree organs for in-depth analysis of radiological impact of forest trees. Our findings suggest that it may be preferable to use CR values based on site-specific data rather than generic data collected from various sites. This is particularly relevant when studying the sites where the bioavailability of 137Cs for trees and thus possible exposures are higher. This study also showed that dynamic modeling approaches could offer an alternative means of estimating CR values of the entire tree or specific tree organs in situations where empirically derived values are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Tanaka
- EDF R&D, LNHE, 6 Quai Watier, 78400 Chatou, France.
| | - Yves Thiry
- French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra) - Research and Development Division, 92298 Chatenay-Malabry, France
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Ueno S, Hasegawa Y, Kato S, Mori H, Tsukada H, Ohira H, Kaneko S. Rapid survey of de novo mutations in naturally growing tree species following the March 2011 disaster in Fukushima: The effect of low-dose-rate radiation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107893. [PMID: 37058973 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The impact of low-dose-rate radiation on genetics is largely unknown, particularly in natural environments. The Fukushima Dai-ich Nuclear Power Plant disaster resulted in the creation of contaminated natural lands. In this study, de novo mutations (DNMs) in germ line cells were surveyed from double-digest RADseq fragments in Japanese cedar and flowering cherry trees exposed to ambient dose rates ranging from 0.08 to 6.86 μGy h-1. These two species are among the most widely cultivated Japanese gymnosperm and angiosperm trees for forestry and horticultural purpose, respectively. For Japanese flowering cherry, open crossings were performed to produce seedlings, and only two candidate DNMs were detected from uncontaminated area. For Japanese cedar, the haploid megagametophytes were used as next generation samples. The use of megagametophytes from open crossing for next generation mutation screening had many advantages such as reducing exposure to radiation in contaminated areas because artificial crossings are not needed and the ease of data analysis owing to the haploid nature of megagametophytes. A direct comparison of the nucleotide sequences of parents and megagametophytes revealed an average of 1.4 candidate DNMs per megagametophyte sample (range: 0-40) after filtering procedures were optimized based on the validation of DNMs via Sanger sequencing. There was no relationship between the observed mutations and the ambient dose rate in the growing area or the concentration of 137Cs in cedar branches. The present results also suggest that mutation rates differ among lineages and that the growing environment has a relatively large influence on these mutation rates. These results suggested there was no significant increase in the mutation rate of the germplasm of Japanese cedar and flowering cherry trees growing in the contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saneyoshi Ueno
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Hasegawa
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Shuri Kato
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 1833-81 Todori, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0843, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsukada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohira
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Shingo Kaneko
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.
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Duarte GT, Volkova PY, Fiengo Perez F, Horemans N. Chronic Ionizing Radiation of Plants: An Evolutionary Factor from Direct Damage to Non-Target Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1178. [PMID: 36904038 PMCID: PMC10005729 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In present times, the levels of ionizing radiation (IR) on the surface of Earth are relatively low, posing no high challenges for the survival of contemporary life forms. IR derives from natural sources and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), the nuclear industry, medical applications, and as a result of radiation disasters or nuclear tests. In the current review, we discuss modern sources of radioactivity, its direct and indirect effects on different plant species, and the scope of the radiation protection of plants. We present an overview of the molecular mechanisms of radiation responses in plants, which leads to a tempting conjecture of the evolutionary role of IR as a limiting factor for land colonization and plant diversification rates. The hypothesis-driven analysis of available plant genomic data suggests an overall DNA repair gene families' depletion in land plants compared to ancestral groups, which overlaps with a decrease in levels of radiation exposure on the surface of Earth millions of years ago. The potential contribution of chronic IR as an evolutionary factor in combination with other environmental factors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nele Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre—SCK CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Li Z, He Y, Sonne C, Lam SS, Kirkham MB, Bolan N, Rinklebe J, Chen X, Peng W. A strategy for bioremediation of nuclear contaminants in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120964. [PMID: 36584860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides released from nuclear contamination harm the environment and human health. Nuclear pollution spread over large areas and the costs associated with decontamination is high. Traditional remediation methods include both chemical and physical, however, these are expensive and unsuitable for large-scale restoration. Bioremediation is the use of plants or microorganisms to remove pollutants from the environment having a lower cost and can be upscaled to eliminate contamination from soil, water and air. It is a cheap, efficient, ecologically, and friendly restoration technology. Here we review the sources of radionuclides, bioremediation methods, mechanisms of plant resistance to radionuclides and the effects on the efficiency of biological adsorption. Uptake of radionuclides by plants can be facilitated by the addition of appropriate chemical accelerators and agronomic management, such as citric acid and intercropping. Future research should accelerate the use of genetic engineering and breeding techniques to screen high-enrichment plants. In addition, field experiments should be carried out to ensure that this technology can be applied to the remediation of nuclear contaminated sites as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Li
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, M079, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation, Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Xiangmeng Chen
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Makarenko ES, Lychenkova MA, Geras’kin SA, Perevolotsky AN, Perevolotskaya TV. Morphometric Indicators of Pine Needles 35 Years after the Chernobyl Accident. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022120111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Ludovici GM, Chierici A, de Souza SO, d’Errico F, Iannotti A, Malizia A. Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Flora Ten Years after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Disaster. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:222. [PMID: 35050110 PMCID: PMC8781571 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of ionizing radiation and radionuclides (like 137Cs) in several higher plants located around the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP), evaluating both their adaptive processes and evolution. After the FNPP accident in March 2011 much attention was focused to the biological consequences of ionizing radiation and radionuclides released in the area surrounding the nuclear plant. This unexpected mishap led to the emission of radionuclides in aerosol and gaseous forms from the power plant, which contaminated a large area, including wild forest, cities, farmlands, mountains, and the sea, causing serious problems. Large quantities of 131I, 137Cs, and 134Cs were detected in the fallout. People were evacuated but the flora continued to be affected by the radiation exposure and by the radioactive dusts' fallout. The response of biota to FNPP irradiation was a complex interaction among radiation dose, dose rate, temporal and spatial variation, varying radiation sensitivities of the different plants' species, and indirect effects from other events. The repeated ionizing radiations, acute or chronic, guarantee an adaptation of the plant species, demonstrating a radio-resistance. Consequently, ionizing radiation affects the genetic structure, especially during chronic irradiation, reducing genetic variability. This reduction is associated with the different susceptibility of plant species to chronic stress. This would confirm the adaptive theory associated with this phenomenon. The effects that ionizing radiation has on different life forms are examined in this review using the FNPP disaster as a case study focusing the attention ten years after the accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Ludovici
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.L.); (A.I.)
| | - Andrea Chierici
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.d.)
| | - Susana Oliveira de Souza
- Physics Department, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão SE 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Francesco d’Errico
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.d.)
| | - Alba Iannotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.L.); (A.I.)
| | - Andrea Malizia
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via di Motpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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