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Zhang L, Wang Y, Xie W, Li W, Kojima T, Zhang D. High heterogeneity and aging state of mineral particles in a slowly-moving dust plume on the southwestern coast of Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170316. [PMID: 38278236 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Aerosol particles in two size ranges, namely 0.18-1.4 μm (fine) and larger than 1.4 μm (coarse), were collected in the pre-dust, in-dust, and post-dust air during the passage of a slowly-moving dust event at a coastal site in southwestern Japan. We identified the composition and size of individual particles using a scanning electron microscope to investigate the variations during dust passage. The particles could be classified as mineral-seasalt mixtures, non-mixture minerals, sulfur-containing minerals, and seasalt particles, and the number fractions of these type particles in the two size ranges exhibited significant variation across the three periods. In the coarse size range, mixture particles accounted for 17.6 %, 26.8 %, and 37.8 % of the particles in the pre-dust, in-dust, and post-dust air, respectively. Non-mixture particles made up 36.8 %, 29.2 %, and 24.3 % in the same respective periods. In the in-dust air, the average relative ratio of sulfur content in sulfur-containing mineral particles in the coarse range was 5.5 %, whereas in the fine range, it was 17.2 %. The aging state of sea salt components, described by the Cl loss and reflecting the changes in particles due to chemical reactions, exhibited significant differences in the two size ranges. In the fine range, the aging of >90 % particles was predominantly influenced by sulfate formation in the in-dust air. In contrast, nitrate likely played a certain role in both the pre-dust and post-dust air. In the coarse range, the aging was independent of sulfate formation. These results indicate the close dependence of the aging of dust particles on their size and the notable variations of the aged states, underscoring the essentiality to treat dust particles properly according to time and space for a better understanding on their roles in the marine atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Yalou Wang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Wenwen Xie
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Wenshuai Li
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tomoko Kojima
- Department Earth and Environmental Science, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan.
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Li Q, Liu Y, Wang M, Su G, Wang Q, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Meng J, Shi B. PM2.5-mediated photochemical reaction of typical toluene in real air matrix with identification of products by isotopic tracing and FT-ICR MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120181. [PMID: 36116564 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sight into photoconversion of toluene, a ubiquitous typical pollutant, attentively by the involvement of PM2.5 in the real air environment is crucial for controlling haze pollution. Compared with the large-size PM2.5 on normal day (PM2.5-ND), the PM2.5 on haze day (PM2.5-HD) formed of small particle agglomerates featured greater oxidation capability, evidenced by the valence distribution of sulfur species. Notably, PM2.5-HD had abundant O2-• and •OH and participated in the photochemical reaction of toluene, giving it a greater toluene conversion with a first-order kinetic rate constant of 0.4 d-1 on haze day than on normal day (0.2 d-1). During the toluene photoconversion, isotopic labelling traced small molecules including benzene and newfound pentane, ethylbenzene, 1,3,8-p-menthatriene and 4-methyl-1-pentanone benzene that could be formed by methyl breakage, ring opening, fragmentation reforming and addition reaction of toluene. Given ADMET properties, 1,3,8-p-menthatriene was assigned high priority since it had poor metabolism, low excretion and severe toxicity, while benzene and 4-methyl-1-pentanone benzene should also be noticeable. FT-ICR MS results indicated that toluene could create multiple macromolecular products that are more sensitive to SOA generation in haze air matrix with broader carbon number and O/C, more oxygenated substitution with CHO/CHON occupying by 81.4%, lower DBEaverage at 4.66 and higher OSC‾ at -1.60 than normal air matrix. Accordingly, a photochemical reaction mechanism for toluene in real air atmosphere was proposed. The stronger oxidation property of PM2.5 not only facilitated toluene to generate small molecules but also boosted the conversion of intermediates to oxygenated macromolecular products, contributing to the formation of SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yalu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guijin Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qingliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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A Cost Allocation Decision Model for Air Pollution Control. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:4116527. [PMID: 35140772 PMCID: PMC8820856 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4116527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution control as the background of a cost allocation method is based on the Shapley value to determine the core stakeholder, so fair pollution control projects and the establishment of the atmospheric pollution of governance cost allocation model are put forward for the solution of air pollution coordinated by the government supervision and the atmospheric pollution control collaborative group. The results show that the cost allocation model of air pollution control based on Shapley value is more reasonable, and the cost of stakeholders is reduced to a certain extent, and the risk of the participants is reduced so that it maximizes social benefits.
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Liu X, Chen S, Guo Z, Zhou H, Chen Y, Kang Y, Liu Q, Huang G, Liu T, Chen C, He Q. The influence of dusts on radiation and temperature over the eastern Asia with a regional climate model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148351. [PMID: 34147814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the climate effects of dusts, a regional climate model (RegCM 4.6) with the dust scheme was used to simulate the direct radiative forcing and air temperature response at 2 m near surface of dusts over the eastern Asia. Two sets of experiments were conducted, one with and one without dust aerosols. The experiment covered the main dust occurrence months from March to May for 8 years (2011-2018), and the simulation results were evaluated against ground station, reanalysis and satellite data. The model captured the spatiotemporal distribution of dust AOD and mass loading over the eastern Asia. However, it tended to underestimate the dust AOD and mass loading over the downwind of the dust source region and the Taklimakan Desert, and overestimate them over the north Xinjiang. The direct net radiative forcing including shortwave and longwave was up to -20 W·m-2 at the surface and -10 W·m-2 at the TOA over the dust source region due to the dominant negative shortwave forcing. The only exception of positive forcing at the TOA was observed along the western boundaries of the Tibetan Plateau due to the semi-persistent ice and snow cover. The dusts tended to warm the atmosphere more than 18 W·m-2 and cool the surface locally up to -0.7 °C. Among the 5 sub-areas, the largest averaged regional direct radiative forcing induced by dusts appeared over the central Inner Mongolia in May with the value of -3.0 ± 2.1, -12.2 ± 4.1 and 9.2 ± 4.4 W·m-2 at the TOA, surface and in the atmosphere, respectively. The results indicated that the model simulation for dusts should be further improved and the dust effects should be included in the estimates of climate change over the eastern Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- College of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zijia Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Haijiang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Yonghang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - Yanming Kang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Guan Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Tongqiang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Qing He
- Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830001, PR China
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Yang Z, Liu Q, Liu Y, Qi X, Wang X. Cell cycle arrest of human bronchial epithelial cells modulated by differences in chemical components of particulate matter. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10582-10591. [PMID: 35423563 PMCID: PMC8695810 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding the role of airborne chemical components in modulating the cell cycle of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells that is associated with burden of cardiopulmonary disease. To address this need, our study collected ambient PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 μm) and PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm) across four sampling sites in Beijing during the year of 2015. Chemical components including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and water soluble ions were determined. Spearman's rank-order correlation was performed to examine the associations between chemical components in ambient particles and cell cycle distributions with p-values adjusted by Bonferroni methodology. Our results demonstrated the significant associations between certain chemical compositions (i.e., PAHs, EC, As and Ni) and percentages of HBE cells in G0/G1 and G1/G2 phases, respectively. Our results highlighted the need to reduce the specific toxins (e.g., PAHs, EC, As and Ni) from ambient particles to protect cardiopulmonary health associated with air pollution. Future study may focus on illustrating the mechanism of certain chemical compositions in altering the cell cycle in HBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center Beijing 100076 China
| | - Qingyang Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210037 China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center Beijing 100076 China .,Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis Beijing 100089 China
| | - Xuekui Qi
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis Beijing 100089 China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis Beijing 100089 China
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