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Song Q, Kong F, Liu BF, Song X, Ren NQ, Ren HY. Ozone oxidation of actual waste leachate coupled with culture of microalgae for efficient lipid production under different temperatures. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 277:123305. [PMID: 39985995 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025]
Abstract
The production of waste leachate (WL) has been increasing annually with the growth of population and the improvement of living standards, but it has become a difficult task to treat and resource it. Furthermore, the shortage of energy is becoming more serious, so the development of renewable energy instead of expensive fossil fuels is especially essential for productive life. This study constructed a system to oxidize WL by ozone at different temperatures and used it as a culture substrate for microalgae to produce biodiesel. It was shown that the biomass and lipid content of microalgae reached 420 ± 43.59 mg/L and 41 ± 2.2 % at a low temperature of 15 °C, respectively. Compared with the reaction system at 5 °C, the oxidation of WL by ozone at 25-45 °C was more effective in removing ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chromaticity. Three-dimension excitation emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy results showed that the fluorescence intensity of dissolved organic matter in WL was reduced by 59.4 %-67.7 % after the ozone oxidation, which improved the bioavailability of WL and laid a nutrient foundation for the growth of microalgae. At 45 °C, 72.7 % of the chromaticity of WL was removed by ozone oxidation alone, and the ozone-coupled microalgae treatment system reduced ammonia nitrogen from 416.25 ± 1.05 to 214.6 ± 7.99 mg/L in WL. In addition, microalgae regulated the antioxidant system to mitigate oxidative damage induced by high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by extreme temperatures by adjusting the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The lipids of microalgae cultured in WL were dominated by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and the saturated fatty acids content of lipids reached 60.8 % at 15 °C, which was favorable for the production of biodiesel with better lubricating and combustion properties. This study provides a valuable theoretical basis for the resource utilization of WL and the practical production of microalgae biodiesel in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xueting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Wang W, Yang K, Li L, Han Y. Aerosol particles released from grit chambers of nine urban wastewater treatment plants in typical regions: Fugitive characteristics, quantitative drivers, and generation process. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 274:123162. [PMID: 39854778 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 01/26/2025]
Abstract
The flow through the grit chamber is non-biochemically treated wastewater, which contains microorganisms mainly from the source of wastewater generation. There are limited reports on aerosol particles generated by grit chambers compared with those produced by biochemical treatment tanks. This study analyzed the fugitive characteristics of aerosol particles produced in grit chambers at nine wastewater treatment plants in three regions of China. There were 160.41-432.13 μg/m3 of total particles and 455 ± 34-2181 ± 221 CFU/m3 of bacteria in aerosol particles. The chemicals in aerosol particles contained 7.35-53.70 μg/m3 of total organic carbon and 36.10-227.94 μg/m3 of water-soluble inorganic ions. The aerated grit chambers produced significantly more aerosol particles than the vortex-type grit chambers. Indoor treatment facilities were more prone to aerosol particle accumulation than outdoor facilities. The microorganisms in wastewater were the main contributing source of dominant microorganisms in aerosol particles, with a degree of explanation of 73.33 % ± 35.56 %. Mantel analysis and the partial least squares path modeling determined that the components and biodiversity of wastewater were direct determinants of aerosol emission levels and biodiversity, respectively. Geographic regions contributed to the differences in aerosol particles, primarily indirectly by affecting the components of wastewater. The bubble bursting trajectory simulation experiment simulated the bioaerosol generation process in aerated grit chambers and predicted droplet behaviours. A higher number of small film droplets corresponded to a higher concentration of bioaerosols. Arcobacter, Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, and Flavobacterium were the major pathogenic genera in aerosol particles produced by grit chambers. The annual probability of infection and the disease burden of these pathogenic bacteria cannot be ignored. This study provides a scientific basis for further understanding of aerosol particle generation and potential hazards in grit chambers of wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kaixiong Yang
- China Construction Advanced Technology Research Institute, China Construction Third Engineering Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Li B, Tong X, Wang H, Zhou L, Li Q, Yao N, Zhang M, Zhang H. Bifunctional system constructed by NiCu-F/DSA electrode self-coupling for efficient removal of ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2025; 46:1996-2010. [PMID: 39410843 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2415724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2025]
Abstract
Landfill leachates containing high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, due to its strong toxicity, large discharge and great environmental hazard, is in urgent need of efficient cleaning treatment. In this work, Ni1Cu0.25-F/DSA catalytic electrode was prepared via electrodeposition by means of fluorination-induced surface reconstruction. The surface of electrode was determined to be a porous sponge-like structure by physical characterizations. The electrode exhibited a superior ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) activity and stability by a series of electrochemical tests. On this basis, a Ni1Cu0.25-F/DSA || Ni1Cu0.25-F/DSA bifunctional system was developed for efficient removal of ammonia nitrogen in landfill leachate. The results of denitrification experiment indicated that the removal efficiency of NH4+-N and TN were 99.89% and 68.9%, respectively, when the electrolytic cell potential was 1.7 V, pH was 13 and the initial ammonia concentration was 600 mg L-1. The NH4+-N removal efficiency remained above 95% after the cyclic denitrification experiment lasting for 6 days, which validates the robust stability of the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Tong
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Luanqi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yao
- Jiangxi Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangxi Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Lian X, Wang Z, Liu Z, Xiong Z, Dai H, Yang L, Liu Y, Yang J, Geng Y, Hu M, Shao P, Luo X. A new microalgal negative carbon technology for landfill leachate treatment: Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174779. [PMID: 39009161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Replete with ammonia nitrogen and organic pollutants, landfill leachate typically undergoes treatment employing expensive and carbon-intensive integrated techniques. We propose a novel microalgae technology for efficient, low-carbon simultaneous treatment of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in landfill leachate (LL). The microbial composition comprises a mixed microalgae culture with Chlorella accounting for 82.58%. After seven days, the process with an N/P ratio of approximately 14:1 removed 98.81% of NH4+-N, 88.62 % of TN, and 99.55% of TP. Notably, the concentrations of NH4+-N and TP met the discharge standards, while the removal rate of NH4+-N was nearly three times higher than previously reported in relevant studies. The microalgae achieved a removal efficiency of 64.27% for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and 99.26% for Inorganic Carbon (IC) under mixotrophic cultivation, yielding a biomass of 1.18 g/L. The treatment process employed in this study results in a carbon emissions equivalent of -8.25 kgCO2/kgNremoved, representing a reduction of 33.56 kgCO2 compared to the 2AO + MBR process. In addition, shake flask experiments were conducted to evaluate the biodegradability of leachate after microalgae treatment. After microalgae treatment, the TOCB (Biodegradable Total Organic Carbon)/TOC ratio decreased from 56.54% to 27.71%, with no significant improvement in biodegradability. It establishes a fundamental foundation for further applied research in microalgae treatment of leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lian
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Zhangbao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Zhuochao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Zhensheng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China.
| | - Huihui Dai
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Liming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China.
| | - Yuanqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Yanni Geng
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Minkang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Penghui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China
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Fang R, Chen T, Han Z, Ji W, Bai Y, Zheng Z, Su Y, Jin L, Xie B, Wu D. From air to airway: Dynamics and risk of inhalable bacteria in municipal solid waste treatment systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132407. [PMID: 37651934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste treatment (MSWT) system emits a cocktail of microorganisms that jeopardize environmental and public health. However, the dynamics and risks of airborne microbiota associated with MSWT are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the bacterial community of inhalable air particulates (PM10, n = 71) and the potentially exposed on-site workers' throat swabs (n = 30) along with waste treatment chain in Shanghai, the largest city of China. Overall, the airborne bacteria varied largely in composition and abundance during the treatment (P < 0.05), especially in winter. Compared to the air conditions, MSWT-sources that contributed to 15 ∼ 70% of airborne bacteria more heavily influenced the PM10-laden bacterial communities (PLS-SEM, β = 0.40, P < 0.05). Moreover, our year-span analysis found PM10 as an important media spreading pathogens (104 ∼ 108 copies/day) into on-site workers. The machine-learning identified Lactobacillus and Streptococcus as pharynx-niched featured biomarker in summer and Rhodococcus and Capnocytophaga in winter (RandomForest, ntree = 500, mtry = 10, cross = 10, OOB = 0%), which closely related to their airborne counterparts (Procrustes test, P < 0.05), suggesting that MSWT a dynamic hotspot of airborne bacteria with the pronounced inhalable risks to the neighboring communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Zhibang Han
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wenhui Ji
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yudan Bai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, SAR China; Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Dong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, PR China.
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Martínez-Ruiz M, Molina-Vázquez A, Santiesteban-Romero B, Reyes-Pardo H, Villaseñor-Zepeda KR, Meléndez-Sánchez ER, Araújo RG, Sosa-Hernández JE, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldivar R. Micro-algae assisted green bioremediation of water pollutants rich leachate and source products recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119422. [PMID: 35533958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Water management and treatment are high concern fields with several challenges due to increasing pollutants produced by human activity. It is imperative to find integral solutions and strategic measures with robust remediation. Landfill leachate production is a high concern emerging problem. Especially in low middle-income countries due to no proper local waste disposition regulation and non-engineered implemented methods to dispose of urban waste. These landfills can accumulate electronic waste and release heavy metals during the degradation process. Similar phenomena include expired pharmaceuticals like antibiotics. All these pollutants accumulated in leachate made it hard to dispose of or treat. Leachate produced in non-engineered landfills can permeate soils and reach groundwater, dragging different contaminants, including antibiotics and heavy metals, which eventually can affect the environment, changing soil properties and affecting wildlife. The presence of antibiotics in the environment is a problem with particular interest to solve, mainly to avoid the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which represent a future risk for human health with possible epidemic implications. It has been reported that the use of contaminated water with heavy metals to produce and grow vegetables is a risk for consumers, heavy metals effects in humans can include carcinogenic induction. This work explores the opportunities to use leachate as a source of nutrients to grow microalgae. Microalgae stand out as an alternative to bioremediate leachate, at the same time, microalgae produce high-value compounds that can be used in bioplastic, biofuels, and other industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Martínez-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | | | | | - Humberto Reyes-Pardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rafael G Araújo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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