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Wang X, Zhou N, Guo Q, Luo Z, Xia Z, H Y. Synergetic effects during co-pyrolysis of waste textiles and Ca/Fe-rich industrial sewage sludge: Reaction kinetics and product distribution. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 186:141-151. [PMID: 38880025 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis is a promising technology for industrial organic waste to utilize their unique resource and energy properties for efficient conversion into valuable products. This study was the first time to characterize the co-pyrolysis of waste textiles with Ca-rich industrial sludge and Fe-rich industrial sludge on a laboratory-scale fixed bed. The properties, mechanisms, gas, oil and carbon production were investigated as a function of temperature and mixing type. Co-pyrolysis increased the total weight loss from 50.05 % to 69.81 % for Ca-rich industrial sludge mixed with 50 % waste textiles and from 49.13 % to 70.01 % for Fe-rich industrial sludge mixed with 50 % waste textiles. The activation energy of co-pyrolysis was approximately 50 % lower compared to the pyrolysis of waste textiles alone. The optimal reaction model for the different reaction stages for all samples was three diffusion (D3). Co-pyrolysis resulted in lower CO and CO2 emission temperatures of about 25-110 °C and produced more short-chain organic compounds (C < 10). Co-pyrolysis produced more aldehydes and ketones organics. Moreover, co-pyrolysis char exhibited an elevated level of fatty alkyl side chains and bridge branching, as well as higher degrees of aromatization and stability. This study offers valuable insights into the potential application of pyrolysis for the management of Ca/Fe-rich industrial sludge and waste textiles, thereby serving as a basis for future utilization endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023 HangZhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023 HangZhou, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023 HangZhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Luo
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023 HangZhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Xia
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023 HangZhou, China
| | - Yanjun H
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023 HangZhou, China; Taizhou Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Haicheng Road 2688#, 318012, TaiZhou, China.
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Ambrus M, Mucsi G. Open-loop recycling of end-of-life textiles as geopolymer fibre reinforcement. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2024:734242X241242708. [PMID: 38576348 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x241242708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The treatment and management of textile waste is an ever-growing issue worldwide, due to the continuously changing trends and the popularity of fast-fashion brands. There are numerous waste management methods besides simple landfilling, including reuse, open-loop or closed-loop recycling options. The described research explores the applicability of an open-loop recycling method, the processing of end-of-life textiles to produce fibres for fibre-reinforced geopolymers, to combine various waste streams for the production of an environmentally friendly binder system. By the examination of different textile waste processing methods, the most valuable fibrous material was produced with the application of a rotary shear and a vertical cutting mill, eliminating the necessity of manual cutting. As the most common base material of the textiles was found to be polyester and cotton, these were deemed useful for fibre reinforcement. The flexural strength showed a significant increase with the addition of 5 wt.% fibres, indicating the possibility of more than doubling the flexural strength of geopolymer specimens. Based on the microstructural analysis, however, even though there was good adhesion between the fibre and the geopolymer matrix, the latter showed inhomogeneities with higher fibre addition, indicating the need to further optimise the production steps, such as mixing time, vibration time, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Ambrus
- Institute of Raw Material Preparation and Environmental Process Engineering, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mucsi
- Institute of Raw Material Preparation and Environmental Process Engineering, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
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Xu C, Yu H, Zhang S, Shen C, Ma C, Wang J, Li F. Cleaner production evaluation system for textile industry: An empirical study from LCA perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169632. [PMID: 38171459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The contradiction between the rapid textile expansion and intensive energy consumption, highly environmental pollution calls for the adoption of cleaner production (CP). However, current evaluation system mainly targeted on CP at production stage, guidance and support on the life cycle assessment is still in its infancy. Meanwhile few studies brought the combination of water conservation and carbon reduction into considerations. This study compared the existing CP evaluation systems including guidelines for the whole industry, standards for textile industry and indicators for the dyeing and finishing sector by quantifying the differences of indicator score compositions. Comparisons analysis from six aspects suggested that all the evaluation systems had relevant indicators regarding "pollutant emissions". "Management", "process equipment and techniques" and "resource and energy consumption" have also been well concerned while "product characteristic" seemed to be overlooked at current stage. From the perspective of whole life cycle, the key of textile processing is the "printing and dyeing" (44.23 %) followed by "fabric manufacturing"(28.85 %) and setting (15.38 %). With regards to the environmental impacts, resources depletion gained the highest attention since their indicator scores reached up to 25.71 %, 18.47 % and 20.62 % for EMAS, ERG 2018 and HJ-1852006. Cleaner production awareness and social impact also played significant roles in ISO 14031:2021 and WMG. Subsequently, a set of new comprehensive CP evaluation indicator system was established, including 3 scopes and 7 goals. The newly-built indicator system incorporated with life cycle perspectives gave a powerful tool to measure the CP level in textile industry and of CP will benefit from water reuse and energy utilization with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hang Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chensi Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Ghalandari V, Smith H, Scannell A, Reza T. E-waste plastic liquefaction using supercritical Toluene: Evaluation of reaction parameters on liquid products. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:126-139. [PMID: 38041981 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Solvothermal liquefaction (STL) is a thermochemical conversion technique that employs solvents other than water to transform waste plastics into valuable compounds. The objective of this study was to explore the potential use of supercritical toluene, a nonpolar solvent, for the depolymerization of four electrical waste (e-waste) thermoplastics, namely polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), into liquid products. Depolymerization experiments were carried out in batch reactors at three reaction temperatures (325, 350, and 375 °C), and three residence times (1, 3, and 6 h). The findings revealed that increasing STL temperature and extending the reaction time enhances the depolymerization of e-waste thermoplastics. The highest STL conversation (100 %) was observed for POM, and the lowest STL conversation (32.23 %) was observed for PEEK. Additionally, the ultimate analysis showed that the liquid product obtained from STL at 375 °C and 6 h exhibited higher heating values (HHV) within the range of 31.43 to 35.31 MJ/kg. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the boiling point distributions of liquid products are highly dependent on thermoplastic type. Finally, the reaction mechanisms of STL for PA, PC, POM, and PEEK were proposed based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Ghalandari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Hunter Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Adam Scannell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Toufiq Reza
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
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Srichola P, Witthayolankowit K, Sukyai P, Sampoompuang C, Lobyam K, Kampakun P, Toomtong R. Recycling of Nanocellulose from Polyester-Cotton Textile Waste for Modification of Film Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3324. [PMID: 37571218 PMCID: PMC10422628 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Textile waste has emerged as a critical global challenge, with improper disposal practices leading to adverse environmental consequences. In response to this pressing issue, there is growing interest in recycling textile waste containing cellulose as an alternative approach to reducing the impact of industrial waste on the environment. The objective of this research is to investigate the extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from polyester-cotton textile waste as a potential solution to address the growing concerns of waste management in the textile industry. To obtain nanocellulose, a comprehensive process involving alkaline sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment of the polyester-cotton textile (35% PET and 65% cotton) was employed, resulting in average yield percentages ranging from 62.14% to 71.21%. To achieve the complete hydrolysis of PET polyester in the blends, second hydrolysis was employed, and the optimized condition yield cotton fiber was 65.06 wt%, relatively close to the theoretical yield. Subsequently, the obtained cellulosic material underwent an acid hydrolysis process using 70 percent (v/v) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution at 45 °C for 90 min, resulting in nanocellulose. Centrifugation at 15,000 rpm for 15 min facilitated the separation of nanocellulose from the acid solution and yielded 56.26 wt% at optimized conditions. The characterization of the nanocellulose was carried out utilizing a comprehensive array of techniques, including absorption, transmission, and reflection spectra, and Fourier transform infrared. The characterization results provide valuable insights into the unique properties of nanocellulose extracted from textile waste. In this research, the obtained nanocellulose was mixed with PVA and silver nanoparticle to form biodegradable film composites as the reinforcement. In comparison, biodegradable film of PVA:nanocellulose 9.5:0.5 with silver nanoparticle 0.3 wt% and glycerol as a plasticizer exhibits better tensile strength (2.37 MPa) and elongation (214.26%) than the PVA film with normal cellulose. The prepared biodegradable film was homogeneous and had a smooth surface without the internal defect confirmed by the CT scan. This result opens avenues for enhancing the quantities of eco-friendly film composites, potentially replacing conventional plastic films in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyanuch Srichola
- Cellulose for Future Materials and Technologies Special Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kuntawit Witthayolankowit
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University, Chatucak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prakit Sukyai
- Cellulose for Future Materials and Technologies Special Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Department of Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chaiyaporn Sampoompuang
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Keowpatch Lobyam
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prapakorn Kampakun
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Raveewan Toomtong
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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