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Chen L, Fang L, Yang X, Luo X, Qiu T, Zeng Y, Huang F, Dong F, White JC, Bolan N, Rinklebe J. Sources and human health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban dust: A global perspective. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108708. [PMID: 38703447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to urban dust containing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) poses detrimental impacts on human health. However, studies estimating human health risks in urban dusts from a global perspective are scarce. We evaluated data for twelve PTEs in urban dusts across 59 countries from 463 published articles, including their concentrations, input sources, and probabilistic risks to human health. We found that 34.1 and 60.3% of those investigated urban dusts have been heavily contaminated with As and Cd, respectively. The input of PTEs was significantly correlated with economic structure due to emissions of industrial activities and traffic emissions being the major sources. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation, we found that the mean hazard index below the safe threshold (1.0) could still cause non-negligible risks to human health. Arsenic and Cr were the major PTEs threatening human health, and relatively high risk levels were observed in cities in China, Korea, Chile, Malaysia, and Australia. Importantly, our analysis suggested that PTEs threaten the health of approximately 92 million adults and 280 million children worldwide. Overall, our study provides important foundational understanding and guidance for policy decision-making to reduce the potential risks associated with PTE exposure and to promote sustainable development of urban economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xing Yang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Xiaosan Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fengyu Huang
- College of Environment and Resource, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China; College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany
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Katiyar A, Nayak DK, Nagar PK, Singh D, Sharma M, Kota SH. Fugitive road dust particulate matter emission inventory for India: A field campaign in 32 Indian cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169232. [PMID: 38097065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This research delves into the pivotal issue of road dust emissions and their profound ramifications on air quality across diverse regions of India. In pursuit of this objective, the study initiated a comprehensive field campaign to estimate silt loading (sL) values and evaluate the distribution of vehicles at 259 locations spanning 32 Indian cities. Remarkable disparities in sL values were observed across different road types and states. Notably, sites in Rajasthan, characterized by its arid Aravalli range and industrial activities, emerged as stark outliers, exhibiting significantly elevated sL values (up to 137 g/m2) compared to their counterparts. The regional analysis goes further to elucidate the relation between climatic conditions, topography, and silt loading. As a broader trend, roads in North India have higher sL values in contrast to those in South India. Further, a comprehensive particulate matter road dust emission inventory for the entire India in the year 2022 was developed using the vehicle registration data from 1352 road transport offices nationwide, in conjunction with the data from the field campaign concerning sL values and vehicle counts. Specific states such as Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Gujarat emerged as the predominant contributors to road dust emissions. These states not only exhibit elevated sL values, but also account for a substantial proportion of the total registered vehicles in India, thereby underscoring the pressing imperative for effective mitigation measures. Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations, using this emission inventory, reveal that PM2.5 concentrations stemming from road dust exceed the World Health Organization guidelines in 55 % of the states across India. Further analysis delineates that more than 10,000 lives are annually lost due to PM2.5 pollution attributable to road dust in India, with the potential to salvage 10 % of these lives by paving all roads throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Katiyar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Diljit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Nagar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh
- Airshed Planning Professionals Private Limited, Kanpur, India
| | - Mukesh Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Sri Harsha Kota
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.
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Dai Y, Shi X, Huang Z, Du W, Cheng J. Proposal of policies based on temporal-spatial dynamic characteristics and co-benefits of CO 2 and air pollutants from vehicles in Shanghai, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119736. [PMID: 38064982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In megacities, vehicle emissions face urgent challenges related to air pollution and CO2 control. To achieve the refinement of vehicle control policies for the co-control of air pollutants and CO2, this study established a vehicle emission inventory with high spatial and temporal resolution based on the hourly traffic flow in Shanghai and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the real-time vehicle emissions. Meanwhile, a policy evaluation framework was constructed by combining pollutant emission predictions with quantitative co-control effect assessments. The results indicated that spatio-temporal variations in different air pollutants and CO2 could mainly be attributed to primary contributing vehicle types. The pollutants (CO2, CO and VOCs) primarily contributed by private cars exhibited a bimodal pattern in 24-h time series and their spatial distribution was concentrated in the urban city center. The spatial distribution of NOx and PM primarily contributed by heavy trucks was still obvious on non-urban center areas. Furthermore, the results of synergistic effect analysis revealed that the alternative energy replacement scenario demonstrated the most significant potential for the co-control. Based on temporal-spatial and co-benefit analysis, the precise control policy of vehicle emissions can be established through time-, region-, and model-control. This study provides references and research methods for the formulation of the vehicle refinement control policies in worldwide megacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiahong Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zining Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weiyi Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Wu Y, Anwar A, Quynh NN, Abbas A, Cong PT. Impact of economic policy uncertainty and renewable energy on environmental quality: testing the LCC hypothesis for fast growing economies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30109-3. [PMID: 37884705 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of economic policy uncertainty and trade openness on load capacity factor for fast growing countries for time period of 1996-2019. The empirical outcomes verify the presence of the LCC hypothesis in fast growing economies. Results also show that economic policy uncertainty reduces environmental quality for lower quantiles, whereas renewable energy consumption is a useful tool for improving environmental quality. Moreover, the negative sign of the coefficient of trade openness demonstrates that the current pattern of trade is not providing the desired outcomes. Based on these empirical findings, we suggest a comprehensive policy framework to attain the targets of SDG 07 (renewable energy), SDG 08 (economic growth), and SDG 13 (climate action).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- School of Digital Economics, University of Sanya, Sanya, China
| | - Ahsan Anwar
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Abbas
- National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Phan The Cong
- Faculty of Economics, Thuongmai University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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