1
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Birnbaum F, Eguchi A, Pardon G, Chang ACY, Blau HM. Tamoxifen treatment ameliorates contractile dysfunction of Duchenne muscular dystrophy stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes on bioengineered substrates. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:19. [PMID: 35304486 PMCID: PMC8933505 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive genetic myopathy that leads to heart failure from dilated cardiomyopathy by early adulthood. Recent evidence suggests that tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used to treat breast cancer, ameliorates DMD cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism of action of 4-hydroxytamoxifen, the active metabolite of tamoxifen, on cardiomyocyte function remains unclear. To examine the effects of chronic 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment, we used state-of-the-art human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and a bioengineered platform to model DMD. We assessed the beating rate and beating velocity of iPSC-CMs in monolayers and as single cells on micropatterns that promote a physiological cardiomyocyte morphology. We found that 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment of DMD iPSC-CMs decreased beating rate, increased beating velocity, and ameliorated calcium-handling deficits, leading to prolonged viability. Our study highlights the utility of a bioengineered iPSC-CM platform for drug testing and underscores the potential of repurposing tamoxifen as a therapy for DMD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foster Birnbaum
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asuka Eguchi
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gaspard Pardon
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex C Y Chang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Goulding J, Kondrashov A, Mistry SJ, Melarangi T, Vo NTN, Hoang DM, White CW, Denning C, Briddon SJ, Hill SJ. The use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to monitor cell surface β2-adrenoceptors at low expression levels in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21398. [PMID: 33710675 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002268r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cell phenotype in determining the molecular mechanisms underlying β2 -adrenoceptor (β2AR) function has been noted previously when comparing responses in primary cells and recombinant model cell lines. Here, we have generated haplotype-specific SNAP-tagged β2AR human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and applied fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to study cell surface receptors in progenitor cells and in differentiated fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. FCS was able to quantify SNAP-tagged β2AR number and diffusion in both ES-derived cardiomyocytes and CRISPR/Cas9 genome-edited HEK293T cells, where the expression level was too low to detect using standard confocal microscopy. These studies demonstrate the power of FCS in investigating cell surface β2ARs at the very low expression levels often seen in endogenously expressing cells. Furthermore, the use of ES cell technology in combination with FCS allowed us to demonstrate that cell surface β2ARs internalize in response to formoterol-stimulation in ES progenitor cells but not following their differentiation into ES-derived fibroblasts. This indicates that the process of agonist-induced receptor internalization is strongly influenced by cell phenotype and this may have important implications for drug treatment with long-acting β2AR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander Kondrashov
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah J Mistry
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tony Melarangi
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Duc M Hoang
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Cellular Manufacturing, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl W White
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Denning
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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3
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Fernandes-Cunha G, McKinlay CJ, Vargas JR, Jessen HJ, Waymouth RM, Wender PA. Delivery of Inorganic Polyphosphate into Cells Using Amphipathic Oligocarbonate Transporters. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1394-1402. [PMID: 30410977 PMCID: PMC6202642 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an often-overlooked biopolymer of phosphate residues present in living cells. PolyP is associated with many essential biological roles. Despite interest in polyP's function, most studies have been limited to extracellular or isolated protein experiments, as polyanionic polyP does not traverse the nonpolar membrane of cells. To address this problem, we developed a robust, readily employed method for polyP delivery using guanidinium-rich oligocarbonate transporters that electrostatically complex polyPs of multiple lengths, forming discrete nanoparticles that are resistant to phosphatase degradation and that readily enter multiple cell types. Fluorescently labeled polyPs have been monitored over time for subcellular localization and release from the transporter, with control over release rates achieved by modulating the transporter identity and the charge ratio of the electrostatic complexes. This general approach to polyP delivery enables the study of intracellular polyP signaling in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella
M. Fernandes-Cunha
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Colin J. McKinlay
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jessica R. Vargas
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Henning J. Jessen
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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Matsa E, Ahrens JH, Wu JC. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Platform for Personalized and Precision Cardiovascular Medicine. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1093-126. [PMID: 27335446 PMCID: PMC6345246 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have revolutionized the field of human disease modeling, with an enormous potential to serve as paradigm shifting platforms for preclinical trials, personalized clinical diagnosis, and drug treatment. In this review, we describe how hiPSCs could transition cardiac healthcare away from simple disease diagnosis to prediction and prevention, bridging the gap between basic and clinical research to bring the best science to every patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John H Ahrens
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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5
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Stoyanova E, Mourdjeva M, Kyurkchiev S. Early selection of human fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1052015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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6
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Mora M, Angelini C, Bignami F, Bodin AM, Crimi M, Di Donato JH, Felice A, Jaeger C, Karcagi V, LeCam Y, Lynn S, Meznaric M, Moggio M, Monaco L, Politano L, de la Paz MP, Saker S, Schneiderat P, Ensini M, Garavaglia B, Gurwitz D, Johnson D, Muntoni F, Puymirat J, Reza M, Voit T, Baldo C, Bricarelli FD, Goldwurm S, Merla G, Pegoraro E, Renieri A, Zatloukal K, Filocamo M, Lochmüller H. The EuroBioBank Network: 10 years of hands-on experience of collaborative, transnational biobanking for rare diseases. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1116-23. [PMID: 25537360 PMCID: PMC4538193 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The EuroBioBank (EBB) network (www.eurobiobank.org) is the first operating network of biobanks in Europe to provide human DNA, cell and tissue samples as a service to the scientific community conducting research on rare diseases (RDs). The EBB was established in 2001 to facilitate access to RD biospecimens and associated data; it obtained funding from the European Commission in 2002 (5th framework programme) and started operation in 2003. The set-up phase, during the EC funding period 2003-2006, established the basis for running the network; the following consolidation phase has seen the growth of the network through the joining of new partners, better network cohesion, improved coordination of activities, and the development of a quality-control system. During this phase the network participated in the EC-funded TREAT-NMD programme and was involved in planning of the European Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure. Recently, EBB became a partner of RD-Connect, an FP7 EU programme aimed at linking RD biobanks, registries, and bioinformatics data. Within RD-Connect, EBB contributes expertise, promotes high professional standards, and best practices in RD biobanking, is implementing integration with RD patient registries and 'omics' data, thus challenging the fragmentation of international cooperation on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mora
- Muscle Cell Biology Lab, Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Corrado Angelini
- IRCCS Fondazione San Camillo Hospital, Lido Venice, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, NPSRR University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Anne-Mary Bodin
- EURORDIS, European Organisation for Rare Diseases, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Alex Felice
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Malta BioBank, University of Malta, and Thalassaemia Clinic, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Veronika Karcagi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Diagnostics, National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yann LeCam
- EURORDIS, European Organisation for Rare Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Stephen Lynn
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marija Meznaric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Politano
- Division of Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Posada de la Paz
- Manuel Posada de la Paz, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, IIER, ISCIII and Spain RDR & CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Peter Schneiderat
- Muscle Tissue Culture Collection, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Neurological Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monica Ensini
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Diana Johnson
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, MRC Neuromuscular Centre at UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, MRC Neuromuscular Centre at UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jack Puymirat
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mojgan Reza
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Voit
- Inserm U974—Institute of Myology, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Baldo
- Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Goldwurm
- Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, NPSRR University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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7
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Warlich E, Schambach A, Lock D, Wedekind D, Glage S, Eckardt D, Bosio A, Knöbel S. FAS-based cell depletion facilitates the selective isolation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102171. [PMID: 25029550 PMCID: PMC4100888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) opens up new avenues for basic research and regenerative medicine. However, the low efficiency of the procedure remains a major limitation. To identify iPSC, many studies to date relied on the activation of pluripotency-associated transcription factors. Such strategies are either retrospective or depend on genetically modified reporter cells. We aimed at identifying naturally occurring surface proteins in a systematic approach, focusing on antibody-targeted markers to enable live-cell identification and selective isolation. We tested 170 antibodies for differential expression between mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSC). Differentially expressed markers were evaluated for their ability to identify and isolate iPSC in reprogramming cultures. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) and stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA1) were upregulated early during reprogramming and enabled enrichment of OCT4 expressing cells by magnetic cell sorting. Downregulation of somatic marker FAS was equally suitable to enrich OCT4 expressing cells, which has not been described so far. Furthermore, FAS downregulation correlated with viral transgene silencing. Finally, using the marker SSEA-1 we exemplified that magnetic separation enables the establishment of bona fide iPSC and propose strategies to enrich iPSC from a variety of human source tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Warlich
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dominik Lock
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Dirk Wedekind
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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McGivern JV, Ebert AD. Exploiting pluripotent stem cell technology for drug discovery, screening, safety, and toxicology assessments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:170-8. [PMID: 24309014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order for the pharmaceutical industry to maintain a constant flow of novel drugs and therapeutics into the clinic, compounds must be thoroughly validated for safety and efficacy in multiple biological and biochemical systems. Pluripotent stem cells, because of their ability to develop into any cell type in the body and recapitulate human disease, may be an important cellular system to add to the drug development repertoire. This review will discuss some of the benefits of using pluripotent stem cells for drug discovery and safety studies as well as some of the recent applications of stem cells in drug screening studies. We will also address some of the hurdles that need to be overcome in order to make stem cell-based approaches an efficient and effective tool in the quest to produce clinically successful drug compounds.
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9
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Dick E, Kalra S, Anderson D, George V, Ritso M, Laval SH, Barresi R, Aartsma-Rus A, Lochmüller H, Denning C. Exon skipping and gene transfer restore dystrophin expression in human induced pluripotent stem cells-cardiomyocytes harboring DMD mutations. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2714-24. [PMID: 23829870 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With an incidence of ∼1:3,500 to 5,000 in male children, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder in which progressive muscle degeneration occurs and affected boys usually die in their twenties or thirties. Cardiac involvement occurs in 90% of patients and heart failure accounts for up to 40% of deaths. To enable new therapeutics such as gene therapy and exon skipping to be tested in human cardiomyocytes, we produced human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) from seven patients harboring mutations across the DMD gene. Mutations were retained during differentiation and analysis indicated the cardiomyocytes showed a dystrophic gene expression profile. Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated skipping of exon 51 restored dystrophin expression to ∼30% of normal levels in hiPSC-cardiomyocytes carrying exon 47-50 or 48-50 deletions. Alternatively, delivery of a dystrophin minigene to cardiomyocytes with a deletion in exon 35 or a point mutation in exon 70 allowed expression levels similar to those seen in healthy cells. This demonstrates that DMD hiPSC-cardiomyocytes provide a novel tool to evaluate whether new therapeutics can restore dystrophin expression in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dick
- 1 Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Matsa E, Dixon JE, Medway C, Georgiou O, Patel MJ, Morgan K, Kemp PJ, Staniforth A, Mellor I, Denning C. Allele-specific RNA interference rescues the long-QT syndrome phenotype in human-induced pluripotency stem cell cardiomyocytes. Eur Heart J 2013; 35:1078-87. [PMID: 23470493 PMCID: PMC3992427 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Long-QT syndromes (LQTS) are mostly autosomal-dominant congenital disorders associated with a 1:1000 mutation frequency, cardiac arrest, and sudden death. We sought to use cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotency stem cells (hiPSCs) as an in vitro model to develop and evaluate gene-based therapeutics for the treatment of LQTS. Methods and results We produced LQTS-type 2 (LQT2) hiPSC cardiomyocytes carrying a KCNH2 c.G1681A mutation in a IKr ion-channel pore, which caused impaired glycosylation and channel transport to cell surface. Allele-specific RNA interference (RNAi) directed towards the mutated KCNH2 mRNA caused knockdown, while leaving the wild-type mRNA unaffected. Electrophysiological analysis of patient-derived LQT2 hiPSC cardiomyocytes treated with mutation-specific siRNAs showed normalized action potential durations (APDs) and K+ currents with the concurrent rescue of spontaneous and drug-induced arrhythmias (presented as early-afterdepolarizations). Conclusions These findings provide in vitro evidence that allele-specific RNAi can rescue diseased phenotype in LQTS cardiomyocytes. This is a potentially novel route for the treatment of many autosomal-dominant-negative disorders, including those of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matsa
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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11
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Ibrahim EE, Babaei-Jadidi R, Saadeddin A, Spencer-Dene B, Hossaini S, Abuzinadah M, Li N, Fadhil W, Ilyas M, Bonnet D, Nateri AS. Embryonic NANOG activity defines colorectal cancer stem cells and modulates through AP1- and TCF-dependent mechanisms. Stem Cells 2013; 30:2076-87. [PMID: 22851508 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic NANOG (NANOG1) is considered as an important regulator of pluripotency while NANOGP8 (NANOG-pseudogene) plays a role in tumorigenesis. Herein, we show NANOG is expressed from both NANOG1 and NANOGP8 in human colorectal cancers (CRC). Enforced NANOG1-expression increases clonogenic potential and tumor formation in xenograft models, although it is expressed only in a small subpopulation of tumor cells and is colocalized with endogenous nuclear β-catenin(High) . Moreover, single NANOG1-CRCs form spherical aggregates, similar to the embryoid body of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and express higher levels of stem-like Wnt-associated target genes. Furthermore, we show that NANOG1-expression is positively regulated by c-JUN and β-catenin/TCF4. Ectopic expression of c-Jun in murine Apc(Min/+) -ESCs results in the development of larger xenograft tumors with higher cell density compared to controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that c-JUN binds to the NANOG1-promoter via the octamer M1 DNA element. Collectively, our data suggest that β-Catenin/TCF4 and c-JUN together drive a subpopulation of CRC tumor cells that adopt a stem-like phenotype via the NANOG1-promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed E Ibrahim
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Division of Pre-Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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12
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Rajamohan D, Matsa E, Kalra S, Crutchley J, Patel A, George V, Denning C. Current status of drug screening and disease modelling in human pluripotent stem cells. Bioessays 2012; 35:281-98. [PMID: 22886688 PMCID: PMC3597971 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The emphasis in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies has shifted from cell therapy to in vitro disease modelling and drug screening. This review examines why this shift has occurred, and how current technological limitations might be overcome to fully realise the potential of hPSCs. Details are provided for all disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem cell lines spanning a dozen dysfunctional organ systems. Phenotype and pharmacology have been examined in only 17 of 63 lines, primarily those that model neurological and cardiac conditions. Drug screening is most advanced in hPSC-cardiomyocytes. Responses for almost 60 agents include examples of how careful tests in hPSC-cardiomyocytes have improved on existing in vitro assays, and how these cells have been integrated into high throughput imaging and electrophysiology industrial platforms. Such successes will provide an incentive to overcome bottlenecks in hPSC technology such as improving cell maturity and industrial scalability whilst reducing cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rajamohan
- Department of Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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13
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Zimmermann A, Preynat-Seauve O, Tiercy JM, Krause KH, Villard J. Haplotype-based banking of human pluripotent stem cells for transplantation: potential and limitations. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2364-73. [PMID: 22559254 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High expectations surround the area of stem cells therapeutics. However, the cells' source-adult or embryonic-and the cells' origin-patient-derived autologous or healthy donor genetically unrelated-remain subjects of debate. Autologous origins have the advantage of a theoretical absence of immune rejection by the recipient. However, this approach has several limitations with regard to the disease of the recipient and to potential problems with the generation, expansion, and manipulation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) preparation. An alternative to using autologous cells is the establishment of a bank of well-characterized adult cells that would be used to generate iPS cells and their derivatives. In the context of transplantation, such cells would come from genetically unrelated donors and the immune system of the recipient would reject the graft without immunosuppressive therapy. To minimize the risk of rejection, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility is certainly the best option, and the establishment of an HLA-organized bank would mean having a limited number of stem cells that would be sufficient for a large number of recipients. The concept of haplobanking with HLA homozygous cell lines would also limit the number of HLA mismatches, but such an approach will not necessarily be less immunogenic in terms of selection criteria, because of the limited number of HLA-compatible loci and the level of HLA typing resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Experimental Cell Therapy, Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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Matsa E, Denning C. In Vitro Uses of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:581-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Polak U, Hirsch C, Ku S, Gottesfeld J, Dent SYR, Napierala M. Selecting and isolating colonies of human induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from adult fibroblasts. J Vis Exp 2012:3416. [PMID: 22370855 DOI: 10.3791/3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we present a protocol of reprogramming human adult fibroblasts into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) using retroviral vectors encoding Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-myc (OSKM) in the presence of sodium butyrate (1-3). We used this method to reprogram late passage (>p10) human adult fibroblasts derived from Friedreich's ataxia patient (GM03665, Coriell Repository). The reprogramming approach includes highly efficient transduction protocol using repetitive centrifugation of fibroblasts in the presence of virus-containing media. The reprogrammed hiPSC colonies were identified using live immunostaining for Tra-1-81, a surface marker of pluripotent cells, separated from non-reprogrammed fibroblasts and manually passaged (4,5). These hiPSC were then transferred to Matrigel plates and grown in feeder-free conditions, directly from the reprogramming plate. Starting from the first passage, hiPSC colonies demonstrate characteristic hES-like morphology. Using this protocol more than 70% of selected colonies can be successfully expanded and established into cell lines. The established hiPSC lines displayed characteristic pluripotency markers including surface markers TRA-1-60 and SSEA-4, as well as nuclear markers Oct3/4, Sox2 and Nanog. The protocol presented here has been established and tested using adult fibroblasts obtained from Friedreich's ataxia patients and control individuals( 6), human newborn fibroblasts, as well as human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Polak
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
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Patricio VJ. Science and ethics: bridge to the future for regenerative medicine. Int J Stem Cells 2011; 4:79-84. [PMID: 24298338 PMCID: PMC3840959 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2011.4.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to reflect on the relationship between regenerative medicine and ethics, using as references the Aristotelian concept of what is ethical and that of Raessler Van Potter about bioethics. To do this, I will briefly describe the advances in regenerative medicine with stem cells, the strategies for producing pluripotential cells without destroying human embryos, and the great potential of stem cells to improve life for Humanity, noting that for this to be possible, it is necessary to locate the role of regenerative medicine in the context of human values and well being. In this way, this article has a real perspective of the role that regenerative medicine can play in benefitting human beings and engendering respect for human and natural environments.
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Faster generation of hiPSCs by coupling high-titer lentivirus and column-based positive selection. Nat Protoc 2011; 6:701-14. [PMID: 21637193 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2011.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The protocols described here address methods used in two crucial stages in the retroviral reprogramming of somatic cells to produce human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines. The first is an optimized method for producing lentivirus at an efficiency 600-fold greater than previously published, and it includes conjugation of the lentivirus to streptavidin superparamagnetic particles; this process takes 8 d. The second method enables the isolation of true hiPSCs immediately after somatic cell reprogramming and involves column-based positive selection of cells expressing the pluripotency marker TRA-1-81. This process takes 2 h and, as it is directly compatible with feeder-free culture, the time burden of manually identifying and mechanically propagating hiPSC colonies is reduced drastically. Taken together, these methods accelerate the production of hiPSCs and enable lines to be isolated, expanded to approxiamtely 10⁷ cells and cryopreserved within 6-8 weeks.
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Matsa E, Rajamohan D, Dick E, Young L, Mellor I, Staniforth A, Denning C. Drug evaluation in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells carrying a long QT syndrome type 2 mutation. Eur Heart J 2011; 32:952-62. [PMID: 21367833 PMCID: PMC3076668 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Congenital long QT syndromes (LQTSs) are associated with prolonged ventricular repolarization and sudden cardiac death. Limitations to existing clinical therapeutic management strategies prompted us to develop a novel human in vitro drug-evaluation system for LQTS type 2 (LQT2) that will complement the existing in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS AND RESULTS Skin fibroblasts from a patient with a KCNH2 G1681A mutation (encodes I(Kr) potassium ion channel) were reprogrammed to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which were subsequently differentiated to functional cardiomyocytes. Relative to controls (including the patient's mother), multi-electrode array and patch-clamp electrophysiology of LQT2-hiPSC cardiomyocytes showed prolonged field/action potential duration. When LQT2-hiPSC cardiomyocytes were exposed to E4031 (an I(Kr) blocker), arrhythmias developed and these presented as early after depolarizations (EADs) in the action potentials. In contrast to control cardiomyocytes, LQT2-hiPSC cardiomyocytes also developed EADs when challenged with the clinically used stressor, isoprenaline. This effect was reversed by β-blockers, propranolol, and nadolol, the latter being used for the patient's therapy. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with experimental potassium channel enhancers, nicorandil and PD118057, caused action potential shortening and in some cases could abolish EADs. Notably, combined treatment with isoprenaline (enhancers/isoprenaline) caused EADs, but this effect was reversed by nadolol. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this paper demonstrate that patient LQT2-hiPSC cardiomyocytes respond appropriately to clinically relevant pharmacology and will be a valuable human in vitro model for testing experimental drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matsa
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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