1
|
Babini H, Jiménez-Sábado V, Stogova E, Arslanova A, Butt M, Dababneh S, Asghari P, Moore EDW, Claydon TW, Chiamvimonvat N, Hove-Madsen L, Tibbits GF. hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes as a model to study the role of small-conductance Ca 2+-activated K + (SK) ion channel variants associated with atrial fibrillation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1298007. [PMID: 38304423 PMCID: PMC10830749 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1298007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, has been associated with different electrophysiological, molecular, and structural alterations in atrial cardiomyocytes. Therefore, more studies are required to elucidate the genetic and molecular basis of AF. Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have strongly associated different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AF. One of these GWAS identified the rs13376333 risk SNP as the most significant one from the 1q21 chromosomal region. The rs13376333 risk SNP is intronic to the KCNN3 gene that encodes for small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels type 3 (SK3). However, the functional electrophysiological effects of this variant are not known. SK channels represent a unique family of K+ channels, primarily regulated by cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, and different studies support their critical role in the regulation of atrial excitability and consequently in the development of arrhythmias like AF. Since different studies have shown that both upregulation and downregulation of SK3 channels can lead to arrhythmias by different mechanisms, an important goal is to elucidate whether the rs13376333 risk SNP is a gain-of-function (GoF) or a loss-of-function (LoF) variant. A better understanding of the functional consequences associated with these SNPs could influence clinical practice guidelines by improving genotype-based risk stratification and personalized treatment. Although research using native human atrial cardiomyocytes and animal models has provided useful insights, each model has its limitations. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop a human-derived model that represents human physiology more accurately than existing animal models. In this context, research with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and subsequent generation of cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSC (hiPSC-CMs) has revealed the underlying causes of various cardiovascular diseases and identified treatment opportunities that were not possible using in vitro or in vivo studies with animal models. Thus, the ability to generate atrial cardiomyocytes and atrial tissue derived from hiPSCs from human/patients with specific genetic diseases, incorporating novel genetic editing tools to generate isogenic controls and organelle-specific reporters, and 3D bioprinting of atrial tissue could be essential to study AF pathophysiological mechanisms. In this review, we will first give an overview of SK-channel function, its role in atrial fibrillation and outline pathophysiological mechanisms of KCNN3 risk SNPs. We will then highlight the advantages of using the hiPSC-CM model to investigate SNPs associated with AF, while addressing limitations and best practices for rigorous hiPSC studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosna Babini
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Verónica Jiménez-Sábado
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- IIB SANT PAU, and CIBERCV, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ekaterina Stogova
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Alia Arslanova
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Mariam Butt
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Saif Dababneh
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Parisa Asghari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edwin D. W. Moore
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas W. Claydon
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- IIB SANT PAU, and CIBERCV, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glen F. Tibbits
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nogueira IPM, Costa GMJ, Lacerda SMDSN. Avian iPSC Derivation to Recover Threatened Wild Species: A Comprehensive Review in Light of Well-Established Protocols. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:220. [PMID: 38254390 PMCID: PMC10812705 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first generated by Yamanaka in 2006, revolutionizing research by overcoming limitations imposed by the use of embryonic stem cells. In terms of the conservation of endangered species, iPSC technology presents itself as a viable alternative for the manipulation of target genetics without compromising specimens. Although iPSCs have been successfully generated for various species, their application in nonmammalian species, particularly avian species, requires further in-depth investigation to cover the diversity of wild species at risk and their different protocol requirements. This study aims to provide an overview of the workflow for iPSC induction, comparing well-established protocols in humans and mice with the limited information available for avian species. Here, we discuss the somatic cell sources to be reprogrammed, genetic factors, delivery methods, enhancers, a brief history of achievements in avian iPSC derivation, the main approaches for iPSC characterization, and the future perspectives and challenges for the field. By examining the current protocols and state-of-the-art techniques employed in iPSC generation, we seek to contribute to the development of efficient and species-specific iPSC methodologies for at-risk avian species. The advancement of iPSC technology holds great promise for achieving in vitro germline competency and, consequently, addressing reproductive challenges in endangered species, providing valuable tools for basic research, bird genetic preservation and rescue, and the establishment of cryobanks for future conservation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samyra Maria dos Santos Nassif Lacerda
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (I.P.M.N.); (G.M.J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karjosukarso DW, Bukkems F, Duijkers L, Leijsten N, Hoyng CB, Collin RWJ. Generation of iPSC lines from three Stargardt patients carrying bi-allelic ABCA4 variants. Stem Cell Res 2023; 71:103164. [PMID: 37441824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stargardt disease, a progressive retinal disorder, is associated with bi-allelic variants in ABCA4, a protein that is expressed in the retina. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines (RMCGENi005-A, SCTCi018-A, SCTCi017-A) were generated by lentivirus reprogramming of fibroblasts derived from Stargardt patients carrying different bi-allelic ABCA4 variants. All the generated lines showed pluripotent characteristics and no chromosomal aberrations. The availability of these lines will allow us to generate patient-derived photoreceptor precursor cells and retinal organoids to further study ABCA4 and thereby, Stargardt disease in relevant model systems carrying the patient's genetic background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dyah W Karjosukarso
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Bukkems
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Duijkers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Leijsten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang L, Li W, Xu H, Zheng X, Qiu S, He W, Wei Q, Ai J, Yang L, Liu J. Mutator-Derived lncRNA Landscape: A Novel Insight Into the Genomic Instability of Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:876531. [PMID: 35860569 PMCID: PMC9291324 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.876531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has emerged to reveal the correlation between genomic instability and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The genomic instability-derived lncRNA landscape of prostate cancer (PCa) and its critical clinical implications remain to be understood. Methods Patients diagnosed with PCa were recruited from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program. Genomic instability-associated lncRNAs were identified by a mutator hypothesis-originated calculative approach. A signature (GILncSig) was derived from genomic instability-associated lncRNAs to classify PCa patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The biochemical recurrence (BCR) model of a genomic instability-derived lncRNA signature (GILncSig) was established by Cox regression and stratified analysis in the train set. Then its prognostic value and association with clinical features were verified by Kaplan–Meier (K-M) analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in the test set and the total patient set. The regulatory network of transcription factors (TFs) and lncRNAs was established to evaluate TF–lncRNA interactions. Results A total of 95 genomic instability-associated lncRNAs of PCa were identified. We constructed the GILncSig based on 10 lncRNAs with independent prognostic value. GILncSig separated patients into the high-risk (n = 121) group and the low-risk (n = 121) group in the train set. Patients with high GILncSig score suffered from more frequent BCR than those with low GILncSig score. The results were further validated in the test set, the whole TCGA cohort, and different subgroups stratified by age and Gleason score (GS). A high GILncSig risk score was significantly associated with a high mutation burden and a low critical gene expression (PTEN and CDK12) in PCa. The predictive performance of our BCR model based on GILncSig outperformed other existing BCR models of PCa based on lncRNAs. The GILncSig also showed a remarkable ability to predict BCR in the subgroup of patients with TP53 mutation or wild type. Transcription factors, such as FOXA1, JUND, and SRF, were found to participate in the regulation of lncRNAs with prognostic value. Conclusion In summary, we developed a prognostic signature of BCR based on genomic instability-associated lncRNAs for PCa, which may provide new insights into the epigenetic mechanism of BCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liansha Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Medical School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjiang Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of System Genetics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of System Genetics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbo He
- West China Medical School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Yang, ; Jiyan Liu,
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Yang, ; Jiyan Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cell surface markers for immunophenotyping human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1023-1039. [PMID: 33928456 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) self-renew and represent a potentially unlimited source for the production of cardiomyocytes (CMs) suitable for studies of human cardiac development, drug discovery, cardiotoxicity testing, and disease modelling and for cell-based therapies. However, most cardiac differentiation protocols yield mixed cultures of atrial-, ventricular-, and pacemaker-like cells at various stages of development, as well as non-CMs. The proportions and maturation states of these cell types result from disparities among differentiation protocols and time of cultivation, as well as hPSC reprogramming inconsistencies and genetic background variations. The reproducible use of hPSC-CMs for research and therapy is therefore limited by issues of cell population heterogeneity and functional states of maturation. A validated method that overcomes issues of cell heterogeneity is immunophenotyping coupled with live cell sorting, an approach that relies on accessible surface markers restricted to the desired cell type(s). Here we review current progress in unravelling heterogeneity in hPSC-cardiac cultures and in the identification of surface markers suitable for defining cardiac identity, subtype specificity, and maturation states.
Collapse
|