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Xiu G, Wang J, Gross T, Kwan MP, Peng X, Liu Y. Mobility census for monitoring rapid urban development. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230495. [PMID: 38715320 PMCID: PMC11077011 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring urban structure and development requires high-quality data at high spatio-temporal resolution. While traditional censuses have provided foundational insights into demographic and socio-economic aspects of urban life, their pace may not always align with the pace of urban development. To complement these traditional methods, we explore the potential of analysing alternative big-data sources, such as human mobility data. However, these often noisy and unstructured big data pose new challenges. Here, we propose a method to extract meaningful explanatory variables and classifications from such data. Using movement data from Beijing, which are produced as a by-product of mobile communication, we show that meaningful features can be extracted, revealing, for example, the emergence and absorption of subcentres. This method allows the analysis of urban dynamics at a high-spatial resolution (here 500 m) and near real-time frequency, and high computational efficiency, which is especially suitable for tracing event-driven mobility changes and their impact on urban structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gezhi Xiu
- Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Complexity Science and Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jianying Wang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thilo Gross
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- University of Oldenburg, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Marine and Polar Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Peng
- Tourism College, Beijing Union University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Li Z, Zhao P, Yu L, Hai X, Feng Y. The changes in job-housing balance during the Covid-19 period in China. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 137:104313. [PMID: 37008808 PMCID: PMC10040351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
By using three continuous years of national-scale cellphone signaling data from Jan. 2019 to Dec. 2021, this study adds fresh evidence for job-housing balance changes at the Quxian level during the COVID-19 period in China. The findings show that according to the resident-balance index and worker-balance index, the job-housing balance jumped when the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases reached its peak in February 2020, with an average of 94.4 % which is the highest level during these three years. The study also found that the Quxian-level job-housing balance has generally improved steadily in the two years of the pandemic. In addition, the results highlighted the huge gaps between females and males in the job-housing balance, but the gender disparities in job-housing balance were reduced to a minimum during the pandemic lockdown. In addition, by comparison analysis of the changes in resident-balance index and worker-balance index during this unprecedented crisis, this study found that for Quxians with high economic vitality, worker-balance index increased greater than resident-balance index, but for Quxians with low economic vitality, the reverse happened. Our findings provide a better understanding of the job-housing relationship during public health crises that can support the urban management in the future policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Li
- Smart Steps Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100032, China
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations of Ministry of Natural Resources of China, China
| | - Ling Yu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations of Ministry of Natural Resources of China, China
| | - Xiaodong Hai
- Smart Steps Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100032, China
| | - Yongheng Feng
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Peng Y, Rodriguez Lopez JM, Santos AP, Mobeen M, Scheffran J. Simulating exposure-related human mobility behavior at the neighborhood-level under COVID-19 in Porto Alegre, Brazil. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 134:104161. [PMID: 36597474 PMCID: PMC9800815 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Modeling experts have been continually researching the interplay of human mobility and COVID-19 transmission since the outbreak of the pandemic. They tried to address this problem and support the control of the pandemic spreading at the national or regional levels. However, these modeling approaches had little success in producing empirically verifiable results at the neighborhood level due to a lack of data and limited representation of low spatial scales in the models. To fill this gap, this research aims to present an agent-based model to simulate human mobility choices in the context of COVID-19, based on social activities of individuals in the neighborhood. We apply the VIABLE model to the decision-making process of heterogeneous agents, who populate the system's environment. The agents adapt their mobility and activities autonomously at each iteration to improve their well-being and respond to exposure risks. The study reveals significant temporal variations in mobility choices between the groups of agents with different vulnerability levels under the Covid-19 pandemic. Agents from the same group with similar economic backgrounds tend to select the same mobility patterns and activities leading to segregation at this low scale. We calibrated the model with a focus on Porto Alegre in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechennan Peng
- Institute of Geography, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Integrated Climate System Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juan Miguel Rodriguez Lopez
- Institute of Geography, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandre Pereira Santos
- Institute of Geography, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Integrated Climate System Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Mobeen
- Institute of Geography, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Integrated Climate System Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Jürgen Scheffran
- Institute of Geography, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Pawluk De-Toledo K, O'Hern S, Koppel S. A city-level transport vision for 2050: Reimagined since COVID-19. TRANSPORT POLICY 2023; 132:144-153. [PMID: 36618963 PMCID: PMC9806117 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transformative changes are needed in the transport sector to limit global warming. Radical transport disruptions experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as greater Working from Home (WFH) and active travel, present a unique opportunity to reimagine more sustainable transport systems. The aim of the current study was to develop a 2050 transport vision and identify short term priorities for Melbourne (Australia) based on in-depth stakeholder interviews. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first backcasting study since COVID-19. As the city with the 'longest lockdown', Melbourne has valuable lessons for the rest of the world. Overall, participants reported that they were uncertain about the future of the central business district. Participants envisaged that the transport system would be carbon-neutral or carbon-positive. However, private motor vehicles (including electric and automated) were not considered the solution for handling the scale of trips anticipated with the projected population size. Instead, participants perceived that in Melbourne by 2050, there will be less work-related travel due to greater job flexibility and WFH. More localised neighbourhood living (20-minute cities), with most short trips undertaken by active travel, and longer trips by public transport. Furthermore, it was projected that regional centres will grow and the transport system will be for the whole state of Victoria and not just Melbourne. Finally, the study identified short term (2021-2030) travel behaviour priorities and eight immediate actions, including: urban design focusing on inspiring active travel; reallocating road space to prioritise active and public transport modes; planning for micromobility urban freight; improving public transport services; expanding public transport networks; installing electric vehicle charging infrastructure; supporting WFH to encourage trip avoidance; and encouraging political consensus when building major transport projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Pawluk De-Toledo
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Steve O'Hern
- Transport Research Centre VERNE, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Sjaan Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
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Ma S, Li S, Zhang J. Spatial and deep learning analyses of urban recovery from the impacts of COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2447. [PMID: 36774395 PMCID: PMC9922321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates urban recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on three main types of working, commercial, and night-life activities and associating them with land use and inherent socio-economic patterns as well as points of interests (POIs). Massive multi-source and multi-scale data include mobile phone signaling data (500 m × 500 m), aerial images (0.49 m × 0.49 m), night light satellite data (500 m × 500 m), land use data (street-block), and POIs data. Methods of convolutional neural network, guided gradient-weighted class activation mapping, bivariate local indicator of spatial association, Elbow and K-means are jointly applied. It is found that the recovery in central areas was slower than in suburbs, especially in terms of working and night-life activities, showing a donut-shaped spatial pattern. Residential areas with mixed land uses seem more resilient to the pandemic shock. More than 60% of open spaces are highly associated with recovery in areas with high-level pre-pandemic social-economic activities. POIs of sports and recreation are crucial to the recovery in all areas, while POIs of transportation and science/culture are also important to the recovery in many areas. Policy implications are discussed from perspectives of open spaces, public facilities, neighborhood units, spatial structures, and anchoring roles of POIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuangjin Li
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 739-8529, Japan
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 739-8529, Japan.
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 739-8529, Japan.
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6
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Liu X, Yang S, Huang X, An R, Xiong Q, Ye T. Quantifying COVID-19 recovery process from a human mobility perspective: An intra-city study in Wuhan. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 132:104104. [PMID: 36407935 PMCID: PMC9659556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.104104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought huge challenges to sustainable urban and community development. Although some recovery signals and patterns have been uncovered, the intra-city recovery process remains underexploited. This study proposes a comprehensive approach to quantify COVID-19 recovery leveraging fine-grained human mobility records. Taking Wuhan, a typical COVID-19 affected megacity in China, as the study area, we identify accurate recovery phases and select appropriate recovery functions in a data-driven manner. We observe that recovery characteristics regarding duration, amplitude, and velocity exhibit notable differences among urban blocks. We also notice that the recovery process under a one-wave outbreak lasts at least 84 days and has an S-shaped form best fitted with four-parameter Logistic functions. More than half of the recovery variance can be well explained and estimated by common variables from auxiliary data, including population, economic level, and built environments. Our study serves as a valuable reference that supports data-driven recovery quantification for COVID-19 and other crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Saini Yang
- School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72762, USA
| | - Rui An
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qiangqiang Xiong
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Bozkaya E, Eriskin L, Karatas M. Data analytics during pandemics: a transportation and location planning perspective. ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2022; 328:1-52. [PMID: 35935742 PMCID: PMC9342597 DOI: 10.1007/s10479-022-04884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic once again showed the value of harnessing reliable and timely data in fighting the disease. Obtained from multiple sources via different collection streams, an immense amount of data is processed to understand and predict the future state of the disease. Apart from predicting the spatio-temporal dynamics, it is used to foresee the changes in human mobility patterns and travel behaviors and understand the mobility and spread speed relationship. During this period, data-driven analytic approaches and Operations Research tools are widely used by scholars to prescribe emerging transportation and location planning problems to guide policy-makers in making effective decisions. In this study, we provide a review of studies which tackle transportation and location problems during the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on data analytics. We discuss the major data collecting streams utilized during the pandemic era, highlight the importance of rapid and reliable data sharing, and give an overview of the challenges and limitations on the use of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bozkaya
- Department of Computer Engineering, National Defence University, Turkish Naval Academy, 34940 Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Levent Eriskin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, National Defence University, Turkish Naval Academy, 34940 Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mumtaz Karatas
- Department of Industrial Engineering, National Defence University, Turkish Naval Academy, 34940 Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
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Wu L, Shimizu T. Analysis of the impact of non-compulsory measures on human mobility in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 127:103751. [PMID: 35601133 PMCID: PMC9114008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world have imposed restrictions on their population. This study quantitatively assessed the impact of non-compulsory measures on human mobility in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic, through the analysis of large-scale anonymized mobile-phone data. The non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method was used to analyze mobile statistics data from the Tokyo area. The results confirmed the suitability of the NMF method for extracting behavior patterns from aggregated mobile statistics data. Data analysis results indicated that although non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) measures adopted by the Japanese government are non-compulsory and rely largely on requests for voluntary self-restriction, they are effective in reducing population mobility and motivating people to practice social distancing. In addition, the current study compared the mobility change in three cities (i.e., Tokyo, Osaka, and Hiroshima), and discussed their similarity and difference in behavior pattern changes during the pandemic. It is expected that the analytical tool proposed in this study can be used to monitor mobility changes in real-time during the pandemic, as well as the long-term evolution of population mobility patterns in the post-pandemic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
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Aral N, Bakır H. Spatiotemporal pattern of Covid-19 outbreak in Turkey. GEOJOURNAL 2022; 88:1305-1316. [PMID: 35729953 PMCID: PMC9200931 DOI: 10.1007/s10708-022-10666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The earliest case of Covid-19 was documented in Wuhan city of China and since then the virus has been spreading throughout the globe. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clusters of Covid-19 among the provinces in Turkey and to examine whether the clustering pattern has changed after the country's lockdown strategy. The spatial dependence of Covid-19 in 81 provinces of Turkey was examined by spatial analysis between February 8 and June 28, 2021. Global and Local Moran's I and Gi* were employed to measure the global and local spatial autocorrelation degrees. The geographical distribution of Covid-19 in the provinces of Turkey showed a strong spatial autocorrelation while the spatial structure of the clusters varied by weeks. The findings of the study show that the complete lockdown carried out in Turkey has been quite effective in mitigating Covid-19. The importance of spatial relations in preventing the spread of the disease in Turkey has also been demonstrated in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Aral
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Bakır
- Department of International Trade, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Domokos E, Sebestyén V, Somogyi V, Trájer AJ, Gerencsér-Berta R, Oláhné Horváth B, Tóth EG, Jakab F, Kemenesi G, Abonyi J. Identification of sampling points for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the sewage system. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2022; 76:103422. [PMID: 34729296 PMCID: PMC8554011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A suitable tool for monitoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is to identify potential sampling points in the wastewater collection system that can be used to monitor the distribution of COVID-19 disease affected clusters within a city. The applicability of the developed methodology is presented through the description of the 72,837 population equivalent wastewater collection system of the city of Nagykanizsa, Hungary and the results of the analytical and epidemiological measurements of the wastewater samples. The wastewater sampling was conducted during the 3rd wave of the COVID-19 epidemic. It was found that the overlap between the road system and the wastewater network is high, it is 82 %. It was showed that the proposed methodological approach, using the tools of network science, determines confidently the zones of the wastewater collection system and provides the ideal monitoring points in order to provide the best sampling resolution in urban areas. The strength of the presented approach is that it estimates the network based on publicly available information. It was concluded that the number of zones or sampling points can be chosen based on relevant epidemiological intervention and mitigation strategies. The algorithm allows for continuous effective monitoring of the population infected by SARS-CoV-2 in small-sized cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Domokos
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém H-8200, Hungary
| | - Viktor Sebestyén
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém H-8200, Hungary
- MTA-PE "Lendület" Complex Systems Monitoring Research Group, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém H-8200, Hungary
| | - Viola Somogyi
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém H-8200, Hungary
| | - Attila János Trájer
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém H-8200, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gerencsér-Berta
- Soós Ernö Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi M Str. 18, Nagykanizsa H-8800, Hungary
| | - Borbála Oláhné Horváth
- Soós Ernö Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi M Str. 18, Nagykanizsa H-8800, Hungary
| | - Endre Gábor Tóth
- National Laboratory of Virology, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- National Laboratory of Virology, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kemenesi
- National Laboratory of Virology, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - János Abonyi
- MTA-PE "Lendület" Complex Systems Monitoring Research Group, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém H-8200, Hungary
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