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Martins RDS, Kooi EMW, Poelstra K, Hulscher JBF. The role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. Early Hum Dev 2023; 183:105797. [PMID: 37300991 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating neonatal disease that affects neonates worldwide and often leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite extensive research, the cause of NEC remains unclear, and current treatment options are limited. An important novel finding is the potential role of intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (IAP) in both pathogenesis and treatment of NEC. IAP can play a vital role in detoxifying liposaccharides (LPS), a key mediator of many pathological processes, thereby reducing the inflammatory response associated with NEC. Furthermore, IAP can help prevent dysbiosis, improve intestinal perfusion, and promote autophagy. In this comprehensive review, we present evidence of the possible connection between IAP and the LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, impaired gut immunity, and dysbiosis in the preterm gut. Based on these findings, the administration of exogenous IAP might provide promising preventive and therapeutic avenues for the management of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Dos Santos Martins
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth M W Kooi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B F Hulscher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Bae SP, Lee WR, Hahn WH, Shin HJ, Ahn YM, Shin SM, Kim YJ, Kim EAR, Shin YJ, Yi DY, Lee SM, Lee J, Lee JA, Chung SH, Jung E, Choi EK, Heo JS. Survey of Korean pediatrician's perceptions of barriers to and improvements in breastfeeding. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:540-546. [PMID: 35914772 PMCID: PMC9650358 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the benefits of breastfeeding are broadly acknowledged with the efforts of the government and several medical societies, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding through 6 months is lower in Korea than in developed countries. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate pediatricians' perceptions of breastfeeding barriers and the current breastfeeding counseling environment and propose government policies to encourage breastfeeding in Korea. METHODS Fourteen survey questions were developed during meetings of Korean Society of Breastfeeding Medicine experts. The Korean Pediatric Society emailed a structured questionnaire to domestic pediatricians registered as official members of the Korean Pediatric Society on May 4, 2021, and June 3, 2021. This study examined the survey responses received from 168 pediatricians. RESULTS The 168 respondents included 62 professors, 53 paid doctors, and 53 private physicians. Breastfeeding was recommended by 146 Korean pediatricians (86.9%). However, only 99 responders (59%) currently provide breastfeeding counseling in hospitals. Most respondents stated providing less than 15 minutes of breastfeeding counseling time in the clinic. Moreover, 89.88% of the respondents responded that they would participate in breastfeeding counseling education if an appropriate breastfeeding counseling program was newly established. CONCLUSION This study showed that, although Korean pediatricians had a positive attitude toward breastfeeding, limited counseling was provided for parents. Along with policy support to improve the medical environment through the establishment of an appropriate breastfeeding counseling program, high-quality counseling and an increased breastfeeding rate are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Phil Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Ryoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Ho Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Son Moon Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Joo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang Univerisity Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Dae Yong Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Min Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jin A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Borame Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangdong Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euiseok Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui Kyung Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ju Sun Heo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Matin M, Homayouni-Rad A, Mostafa-Gharehbaghi M, Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S. Maternal and infant probiotic administration for morbidity of very low birth weight infants: a three-arm randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3637-3648. [PMID: 35639151 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether oral probiotic administration (1.5 × 109 CFU/g Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei) to breastfeeding mothers or to their very low birth weight (VLBW) infants reduces total serum bilirubin (TSB) level and increases weight gain of the infants. METHODS In this double-blind trial, breastfeeding mothers and their VLBW infants at 48-72 h of age were allocated into three groups using stratified block randomization; administrating probiotic to the mothers and placebo to their infants, probiotic to the infants and placebo to their mothers, or placebo to the both. The intervention continued for 28 days. RESULTS All 25 mothers and their 26 infants allocated into each group were fully followed up. There were three positive blood culture only in the placebo group. On the 3rd day of intervention, TSB level was not significantly different among the groups but on the 7th day, it was significantly lower in the both probiotic groups compared with the placebo group (mean difference -2.4 mg/dL [95% confidence interval -3.6 to -1.2] in the both comparisons). Mean rank of infant weight gain during the first 7 days of intervention was significantly higher in the both maternal and infant probiotic groups compared with the placebo group (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively), but there was no statistically significant difference among the groups during the 8th-28th days. CONCLUSION Administration of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei to breastfeeding mothers of VLBW infants or to their infants reduces infant TSB level but has no significant effect on weight gain after the first week of the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Iranian Clinical Trials Registry IRCT20100414003706N38. protrospectively registered 24/01/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Matin
- Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Homayouni-Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Ave, Tabriz, Iran.
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