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Abdollahi SA, Andarkhor A, Pourahmad A, Alibak AH, Alobaid F, Aghel B. Simulating and Comparing CO 2/CH 4 Separation Performance of Membrane-Zeolite Contactors by Cascade Neural Networks. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050526. [PMID: 37233587 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Separating carbon dioxide (CO2) from gaseous streams released into the atmosphere is becoming critical due to its greenhouse effect. Membrane technology is one of the promising technologies for CO2 capture. SAPO-34 filler was incorporated in polymeric media to synthesize mixed matrix membrane (MMM) and enhance the CO2 separation performance of this process. Despite relatively extensive experimental studies, there are limited studies that cover the modeling aspects of CO2 capture by MMMs. This research applies a special type of machine learning modeling scenario, namely, cascade neural networks (CNN), to simulate as well as compare the CO2/CH4 selectivity of a wide range of MMMs containing SAPO-34 zeolite. A combination of trial-and-error analysis and statistical accuracy monitoring has been applied to fine-tune the CNN topology. It was found that the CNN with a 4-11-1 topology has the highest accuracy for the modeling of the considered task. The designed CNN model is able to precisely predict the CO2/CH4 selectivity of seven different MMMs in a broad range of filler concentrations, pressures, and temperatures. The model predicts 118 actual measurements of CO2/CH4 selectivity with an outstanding accuracy (i.e., AARD = 2.92%, MSE = 1.55, R = 0.9964).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - AmirReza Andarkhor
- Department of Chemistry, Payam Noor University (Bushehr Branch), Bushehr 1688, Iran
| | - Afham Pourahmad
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Ali Hosin Alibak
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Soran 44008, Iraq
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Falah Alobaid
- Institut Energiesysteme und Energietechnik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Babak Aghel
- Institut Energiesysteme und Energietechnik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Energy, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah 6715685420, Iran
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Vroulias D, Staurianou E, Ioannides T, Deimede V. Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Copolymer-IL Composite Membranes for CO 2 Separation. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:membranes13010026. [PMID: 36676833 PMCID: PMC9863429 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers are at the forefront of advanced membrane materials for selective CO2 separation. In this work, free-standing composite membranes were prepared by blending imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) having different structural characteristics with a PEO-based copolymer previously developed by our group, targeting CO2 permeability improvement and effective CO2/gas separation. The effect of IL loading (30 and 40 wt%), alkyl chain length of the imidazolium cation (ethyl- and hexyl- chain) and the nature of the anion (TFSI-, C(CN)3-) on physicochemical and gas transport properties were studied. Among all composite membranes, PEO-based copolymer with 40 wt% IL3-[HMIM][TFSI] containing the longer alkyl chain of the cation and TFSI- as the anion exhibited the highest CO2 permeability of 46.1 Barrer and ideal CO2/H2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities of 5.6 and 39.0, respectively, at 30 °C. In addition, almost all composite membranes surpassed the upper bound limit for CO2/H2 separation. The above membrane showed the highest water vapor permeability value of 50,000 Barrer under both wet and dry conditions and a corresponding H2O/CO2 ideal selectivity value of 1080; values that are comparable with those reported for other highly water-selective PEO-based polymers. These results suggest the potential application of this membrane in hydrogen purification and dehydration of CO2 gas streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios Vroulias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Eirini Staurianou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Theophilos Ioannides
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Valadoula Deimede
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
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Shah Buddin MMH, Ahmad AL, Mohd Saufi MAA. PES/ZIF‐L mixed‐matrix membrane for CO
2
permeation: Influence of ionic liquid in pre‐ and post‐modification treatment. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meor Muhammad Hafiz Shah Buddin
- School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Malaysia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam Malaysia
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Malaysia
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Alibak AH, Alizadeh SM, Davodi Monjezi S, Alizadeh A, Alobaid F, Aghel B. Developing a Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Method to Predict Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Permeability in Mixed Matrix Membranes Containing SAPO-34 Zeolite. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12111147. [PMID: 36422139 PMCID: PMC9699495 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the predictive performance of different classes of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) in predicting the permeability of carbon dioxide (CO2) in mixed matrix membrane (MMM) containing the SAPO-34 zeolite. The hybrid neuro-fuzzy technique uses the MMM chemistry, pressure, and temperature to estimate CO2 permeability. Indeed, grid partitioning (GP), fuzzy C-means (FCM), and subtractive clustering (SC) strategies are used to divide the input space of ANFIS. Statistical analyses compare the performance of these strategies, and the spider graph technique selects the best one. As a result of the prediction of more than 100 experimental samples, the ANFIS with the subtractive clustering method shows better accuracy than the other classes. The hybrid optimization algorithm and cluster radius = 0.55 are the best hyperparameters of this ANFIS model. This neuro-fuzzy model predicts the experimental database with an absolute average relative deviation (AARD) of less than 3% and a correlation of determination higher than 0.995. Such an intelligent model is not only straightforward but also helps to find the best MMM chemistry and operating conditions to maximize CO2 separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosin Alibak
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Soran 44008, Iraq
| | - Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Australian University, West Mishref 11411, Kuwait
| | - Shaghayegh Davodi Monjezi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Nur 46414356, Iran
| | - As’ad Alizadeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Falah Alobaid
- Institut Energiesysteme und Energietechnik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Babak Aghel
- Institut Energiesysteme und Energietechnik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Energy, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah 6715685420, Iran
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Sasikumar B, Arthanareeswaran G. Interfacial design of polysulfone/Cu-BTC membrane using [Bmim][Tf2N] and [Dmim][Cl] RTILs for CO2 separation: Performance assessment for single and mixed gas separation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Usman M. Recent Progress of SAPO-34 Zeolite Membranes for CO2 Separation: A Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050507. [PMID: 35629833 PMCID: PMC9147644 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the zeolite family, the silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO)-34 zeolite has a unique chemical structure, distinctive pore size, adsorption characteristics, as well as chemical and thermal stability, and recently, has attracted much research attention. Increasing global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions pose a serious environmental threat to humans, animals, plants, and the entire environment. This mini-review summarizes the role of SAPO-34 zeolite membranes, including mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) and pure SAPO-34 membranes in CO2 separation. Specifically, this paper summarizes significant developments in SAPO-34 membranes for CO2 removal from air and natural gas. Consideration is given to a variety of successes in SAPO-34 membranes, and future ideas are described in detail to foresee how SAPO-34 could be employed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. We hope that this study will serve as a detailed guide to the use of SAPO-34 membranes in industrial CO2 separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Multiparameter Neural Network Modeling of Facilitated Transport Mixed Matrix Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Removal. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040421. [PMID: 35448392 PMCID: PMC9028914 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Membranes for carbon capture have improved significantly with various promoters such as amines and fillers that enhance their overall permeance and selectivity toward a certain particular gas. They require nominal energy input and can achieve bulk separations with lower capital investment. The results of an experiment-based membrane study can be suitably extended for techno-economic analysis and simulation studies, if its process parameters are interconnected to various membrane performance indicators such as permeance for different gases and their selectivity. The conventional modelling approaches for membranes cannot interconnect desired values into a single model. Therefore, such models can be suitably applicable to a particular parameter but would fail for another process parameter. With the help of artificial neural networks, the current study connects the concentrations of various membrane materials (polymer, amine, and filler) and the partial pressures of carbon dioxide and methane to simultaneously correlate three desired outputs in a single model: CO2 permeance, CH4 permeance, and CO2/CH4 selectivity. These parameters help predict membrane performance and guide secondary parameters such as membrane life, efficiency, and product purity. The model results agree with the experimental values for a selected membrane, with an average absolute relative error of 6.1%, 4.2%, and 3.2% for CO2 permeance, CH4 permeance, and CO2/CH4 selectivity, respectively. The results indicate that the model can predict values at other membrane development conditions.
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Zunita M, Hastuti R, Alamsyah A, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG. Ionic Liquid Membrane for Carbon Capture and Separation. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2021.1920428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zunita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl, West Java, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - R. Hastuti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl, West Java, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - A. Alamsyah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl, West Java, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - K. Khoiruddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl, West Java, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - I. G. Wenten
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl, West Java, Bandung, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl, West Java, Bandung, Indonesia
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10
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Xiong Y, Deng N, Wu X, Zhang Q, Liu S, Sun G. De novo synthesis of amino-functionalized ZIF-8 nanoparticles: Enhanced interfacial compatibility and pervaporation performance in mixed matrix membranes applying for ethanol dehydration. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Gao Y, Li J. SPEEK membranes by incorporation of NaY zeolite for CO2/N2 separation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Haider B, Dilshad MR, Akram MS, Islam A, Kaspereit M. Novel Polydimethylsiloxane membranes impregnated with SAPO-34 zeolite particles for gas separation. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Selective membrane separation of CO2 using novel epichlorohydrin-amine-based crosslinked protic ionic liquids: Crosslinking mechanism and enhanced salting-out effect. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Friess K, Izák P, Kárászová M, Pasichnyk M, Lanč M, Nikolaeva D, Luis P, Jansen JC. A Review on Ionic Liquid Gas Separation Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:97. [PMID: 33573138 PMCID: PMC7911519 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids have attracted the attention of the industry and research community as versatile solvents with unique properties, such as ionic conductivity, low volatility, high solubility of gases and vapors, thermal stability, and the possibility to combine anions and cations to yield an almost endless list of different structures. These features open perspectives for numerous applications, such as the reaction medium for chemical synthesis, electrolytes for batteries, solvent for gas sorption processes, and also membranes for gas separation. In the search for better-performing membrane materials and membranes for gas and vapor separation, ionic liquids have been investigated extensively in the last decade and a half. This review gives a complete overview of the main developments in the field of ionic liquid membranes since their first introduction. It covers all different materials, membrane types, their preparation, pure and mixed gas transport properties, and examples of potential gas separation applications. Special systems will also be discussed, including facilitated transport membranes and mixed matrix membranes. The main strengths and weaknesses of the different membrane types will be discussed, subdividing them into supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs), poly(ionic liquids) or polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), polymer/ionic liquid blends (physically or chemically cross-linked 'ion-gels'), and PIL/IL blends. Since membrane processes are advancing as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional separation processes, having shown promising results for complex new separation challenges like carbon capture as well, they may be the key to developing a more sustainable future society. In this light, this review presents the state-of-the-art of ionic liquid membranes, to analyze their potential in the gas separation processes of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Friess
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.F.); (P.I.); (M.L.)
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Pavel Izák
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.F.); (P.I.); (M.L.)
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Magda Kárászová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariia Pasichnyk
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Marek Lanč
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.F.); (P.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Daria Nikolaeva
- Materials & Process Engineering, UCLouvain, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (D.N.); (P.L.)
| | - Patricia Luis
- Materials & Process Engineering, UCLouvain, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (D.N.); (P.L.)
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15
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Rashid TU. Ionic liquids: Innovative fluids for sustainable gas separation from industrial waste stream. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Han J, Bai L, Jiang H, Zeng S, Yang B, Bai Y, Zhang X. Task-Specific Ionic Liquids Tuning ZIF-67/PIM-1 Mixed Matrix Membranes for Efficient CO2 Separation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuli Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaojuan Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinge Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Hafeez S, Safdar T, Pallari E, Manos G, Aristodemou E, Zhang Z, Al-Salem SM, Constantinou A. CO2 capture using membrane contactors: a systematic literature review. Front Chem Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-1992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWith fossil fuel being the major source of energy, CO2 emission levels need to be reduced to a minimal amount namely from anthropogenic sources. Energy consumption is expected to rise by 48% in the next 30 years, and global warming is becoming an alarming issue which needs to be addressed on a thorough technical basis. Nonetheless, exploring CO2 capture using membrane contactor technology has shown great potential to be applied and utilised by industry to deal with post- and pre-combustion of CO2. A systematic review of the literature has been conducted to analyse and assess CO2 removal using membrane contactors for capturing techniques in industrial processes. The review began with a total of 2650 papers, which were obtained from three major databases, and then were excluded down to a final number of 525 papers following a defined set of criteria. The results showed that the use of hollow fibre membranes have demonstrated popularity, as well as the use of amine solvents for CO2 removal. This current systematic review in CO2 removal and capture is an important milestone in the synthesis of up to date research with the potential to serve as a benchmark databank for further research in similar areas of work. This study provides the first systematic enquiry in the evidence to research further sustainable methods to capture and separate CO2.
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Ramos F, Forsyth M, Pringle JM. Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal-Based Composite Membranes for Light Gas Separation: The Impact of Varying Ion Type and Casting Method. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5740-5748. [PMID: 32902204 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The promise of organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) for development of a novel type of gas separation membrane with competitive gas selectivity for CO2 /N2 was recently demonstrated. This work aimed to design more selective membranes by investigating a different type of OIPC and a new membrane preparation method. Two different OIPCs were solvent-cast or co-cast with poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF), and their gas transport properties were compared. The first OIPC, methyl(diethyl)isobutylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate ([P122i4 ][PF6 ]), was previously studied using the co-cast method, and this was used as a benchmark. The second, N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([C2 mpyr][FSI]), was investigated for the first time for gas separation applications, achieving high selectivities (α CO 2 / N 2 >40). The thermophysical properties of the composites indicated that the co-casting method is a good way to fabricate solid, mechanically stable and durable membranes. Additionally, the enhanced molecular interactions indicated in OIPC/PVDF co-cast composites point to a new approach for synthesis of other highly selective OIPC-based membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ramos
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Key Applications and Potential Limitations of Ionic Liquid Membranes in the Gas Separation Process of CO 2, CH 4, N 2, H 2 or Mixtures of These Gases from Various Gas Streams. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184274. [PMID: 32961921 PMCID: PMC7570638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heightened levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) have prompted research into techniques for their capture and separation, including membrane separation, chemical looping, and cryogenic distillation. Ionic liquids, due to their negligible vapour pressure, thermal stability, and broad electrochemical stability have expanded their application in gas separations. This work provides an overview of the recent developments and applications of ionic liquid membranes (ILMs) for gas separation by focusing on the separation of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2), or mixtures of these gases from various gas streams. The three general types of ILMs, such as supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs), ionic liquid polymeric membranes (ILPMs), and ionic liquid mixed-matrix membranes (ILMMMs) for the separation of various mixed gas systems, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, issues, challenges, computational studies and future perspectives for ILMs are also considered. The results of the analysis show that SILMs, ILPMs, and the ILMMs are very promising membranes that have great potential in gas separation processes. They offer a wide range of permeabilities and selectivities for CO2, CH4, N2, H2 or mixtures of these gases. In addition, a comparison was made based on the selectivity and permeability of SILMs, ILPMs, and ILMMMs for CO2/CH4 separation based on a Robeson’s upper bound curves.
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Rhyu SY, Cho Y, Kang SW. Nanocomposite membranes consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)/ionic liquid/ZnO for CO2 separation. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lewis J, Al-sayaghi MAQ, Buelke C, Alshami A. Activated carbon in mixed-matrix membranes. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2019.1609986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lewis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | | | - Chris Buelke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Ali Alshami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Predicting CO2 Permeation through an Enhanced Ionic Liquid Mixed Matrix Membrane (IL3M). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9525783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid mixed matrix membranes (IL3Ms) were synthesized using polyethersulfone (PES) as the base polymer and silica-aluminophosphate (SAPO-34) as the dispersed particles, and their CO2 permeation was investigated. Three of the most widely used models for gas separation—the Maxwell, Lewis–Nielson, and Maxwell–Wagner–Sillar (MWS) models—were then applied to the membranes. Large deviations were found between the model predictions and experimental data. FESEM images suggested that local agglomeration and disorientation of the SAPO-34 particles within the membrane afforded substantial changes in the morphology. The MWS model, which considers the shape factor, was modified to incorporate the volume fraction of the wetted dispersed phase and the ideal shape factor. A direct relationship was found between the filler concentration and the shape factor. The modified model was shown to produce absolute and relative errors of less than 3%. When validated against data from the literature, the deviation remained within 5%. The modified model can be used to estimate the gas permeance of an IL3M.
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24
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Akbarian I, Fakhar A, Ameri E, Sadeghi M. Gas-separation behavior of poly(ether sulfone)-poly(ethylene glycol) blend membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Akbarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahreza Branch; Islamic Azad University; Shahreza Iran
| | - Afsaneh Fakhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Elham Ameri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahreza Branch; Islamic Azad University; Shahreza Iran
| | - Morteza Sadeghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
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25
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Jia M, Feng Y, Qiu J, Lin X, Yao J. Bromomethylated poly(phenylene oxide) (BPPO)-assisted fabrication of UiO-66-NH2
/BPPO/polyethersulfone mixed matrix membrane for enhanced gas separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yi Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Jianhao Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Xiaocheng Lin
- Laboratory of Chemical Process Intensification, College of Chemical Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350108 Fujian China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 China
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26
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27
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28
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Ahmad N, Leo C, Mohammad A, Ahmad A. Interfacial sealing and functionalization of polysulfone/SAPO-34 mixed matrix membrane using acetate-based ionic liquid in post-impregnation for CO2 capture. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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30
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Gao H, Bai L, Han J, Yang B, Zhang S, Zhang X. Functionalized ionic liquid membranes for CO2 separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12671-12685. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to develop efficient, reversible and economic technologies for separating CO2 which mainly comes from flue gas, natural gas and syngas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lu Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jiuli Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Bingbing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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31
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Li M, Zhang X, Zeng S, bai L, Gao H, Deng J, Yang Q, Zhang S. Pebax-based composite membranes with high gas transport properties enhanced by ionic liquids for CO2 separation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27221e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of composite membranes with high gas transport properties enhanced by IL and ZIF-8 have been developed. The influence of ionic liquid and ZIF-8 addition on gas separation performance were systematically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shaojuan Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Lu bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongshuai Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jing Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Qingyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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32
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Lin R, Ge L, Diao H, Rudolph V, Zhu Z. Ionic Liquids as the MOFs/Polymer Interfacial Binder for Efficient Membrane Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32041-32049. [PMID: 27933967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining strong interfacial affinity between filler and polymer is critical to the preparation of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with high separation efficiency. However, it is still a challenge for micron-sized metal organic frameworks (MOFs) to achieve excellent compatibility and defect-free interface with polymer matrix. Thin layer of ionic liquid (IL) was immobilized on micron-sized HKUST-1 to eliminate the interfacial nonselective voids in MMMs with minimized free ionic liquid (IL) in polymer matrix, and then the obtained IL decorated HKUST-1 was incorporated into 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,3-phenyldiamine (6FDA-Durene) to fabricate MMMs. Acting as a filler/polymer interfacial binder, the favorable MOF/IL and IL/polymer interaction can facilitate the enhancement of MOF/polymer affinity. Compared to MMM with only HKUST-1 incorporation, MMM with IL decorated HKUST-1 succeeded in restricting the formation of nonselective interfacial voids, leading to an increment in CO2 selectivity. The IL decoration method can be an effective approach to eliminate interfacial voids in MMMs, extending the filler selection to a wide range of large-sized fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijia Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Lei Ge
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Hui Diao
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Victor Rudolph
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Zhonghua Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072, Australia
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33
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Mohshim DF, Mukhtar H, Man Z. Composite blending of ionic liquid-poly(ether sulfone) polymeric membranes: Green materials with potential for carbon dioxide/methane separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dzeti Farhah Mohshim
- Petroleum Engineering Department; Universiti Teknologi Petronas; Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
| | - Hilmi Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Petronas; Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Zakaria Man
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Petronas; Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
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34
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Preparation and characterization of nanocomposite PVDF ultrafiltration membrane embedded with nanoporous SAPO-34 to improve permeability and antifouling performance. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Ahmad NNR, Mukhtar H, Mohshim DF, Nasir R, Man Z. Effect of different organic amino cations on SAPO-34 for PES/SAPO-34 mixed matrix membranes toward CO2/CH4separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. N. R. Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS; Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - H. Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS; Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - D. F. Mohshim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS; Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - R. Nasir
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS; Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Z. Man
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS; Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
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36
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Tomé LC, Marrucho IM. Ionic liquid-based materials: a platform to design engineered CO2 separation membranes. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:2785-824. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a judicious assessment of the CO2 separation efficiency of membranes using ionic liquid-based materials and highlights breakthroughs and key challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C. Tomé
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Marrucho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
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37
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Belhaj Messaoud S, Takagaki A, Sugawara T, Kikuchi R, Oyama ST. Mixed matrix membranes using SAPO-34/polyetherimide for carbon dioxide/methane separation. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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39
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Casado-Coterillo C, Fernández-Barquín A, Zornoza B, Téllez C, Coronas J, Irabien Á. Synthesis and characterisation of MOF/ionic liquid/chitosan mixed matrix membranes for CO2/N2 separation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity of IL–CS membranes is improved by adding nano-HKUST-1 and ZIF-8, and predicted accurately by Maxwell-derived model as a function of interfacial contact, crystallinity and pore blockage with temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Casado-Coterillo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Universidad de Cantabria
- 39005 Santander
- Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Barquín
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Universidad de Cantabria
- 39005 Santander
- Spain
| | - Beatriz Zornoza
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50018 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Carlos Téllez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50018 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Joaquín Coronas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50018 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Ángel Irabien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Universidad de Cantabria
- 39005 Santander
- Spain
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40
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Nasir R, Mukhtar H, Man Z, Shaharun MS, Abu Bakar MZ. Effect of fixed carbon molecular sieve (CMS) loading and various di-ethanolamine (DEA) concentrations on the performance of a mixed matrix membrane for CO2/CH4 separation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethersulfone (PES) as a polymer along with carbon molecular sieves (CMS) as an inorganic filler and di-ethanolamine (DEA) as the third component were used to fabricate amine mixed matrix membranes (A3Ms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Nasir
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
- 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar
- Malaysia
| | - Hilmi Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
- 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar
- Malaysia
| | - Zakaria Man
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
- 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar
- Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Shima Shaharun
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Science
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
- 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar
- Malaysia
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